味甘、苦，寒，无毒。主折跌、绝筋、伤中、逐血痹，填骨髓，长肌肉。作汤除寒热、
积聚，除痹。主男子五劳七
伤，女子伤中、胞漏、下血，破恶血、溺血，利大小肠，去胃中宿食，饱力断绝，补五脏内
伤不足，通血脉，益气力，
利耳目。生者尤良。生地黄，大寒。主妇人崩中血不止，及产后血上薄心闷绝，伤身胎动下
血，胎不落；堕坠， 折，
瘀血，留血，衄鼻，吐血，皆捣饮之。久服轻身、不老。一名地髓，一名 ，一名KT 。
生咸阳川泽黄土
八月采根，阴干。
得麦门冬、清酒良，恶贝母，畏芜荑。咸阳即长安也。生渭城者乃有子实，实如小麦。
淮南七精散用之。中间以彭
城干地黄最好，次历阳，今用江宁板桥者为胜。作干者有法，捣汁和蒸，殊用工意；而此直
云阴干，色味乃不相似，更
恐以蒸作为失乎？大贵时乃取牛膝、萎蕤作之，人不能别。《仙经》亦服食，要用其华；又
善生根，亦主耳暴聋、重听。
干者粘湿，作丸散用，须烈日曝之，既燥则斤两大减，一斤才得十两散耳，用之宜加量也。
味辛，温，无毒。主风寒温痹，咳逆上气，开心孔，补五脏，通九窍，明耳目，出音声，
主耳聋，痈疮，温肠胃，
止小便利，四肢湿痹，不得屈伸，小儿温疟，身积热不解，可作浴汤。久服轻身，聪耳明目，
不忘，不迷惑，延年，益
心智，高志不老。一名昌阳。生上洛池泽及蜀郡严道。一寸九节者良。露根不可用。五月、
十二月采根，阴干。
秦皮、秦艽为之使，恶地胆、麻黄。上洛郡属梁州，严道县在蜀郡。今乃处处有，生石
碛上，概节为好。在下湿地，
大根者名昌阳，止主风湿，不堪服食。此药甚去虫并蚤虱，而今都不言之。真菖蒲叶有脊，
一如剑刃，四月、五月亦作
小厘华也。东间溪侧又有名溪荪者，根
此为石上菖蒲者，谬矣。此
止主咳逆，
亦断蚤虱尔，不入服御用。《诗》咏∶“多云兰荪”，正谓此也。
味甘、苦，性寒，无毒。主治跌打骨折、筋脉断裂、内伤、驱除血痹，填补骨髓，促进肌肉生长。煎汤服用可消除寒热症状、消散积聚、祛除痹证。主治男子五劳七伤，女子冲任损伤、胞宫出血、下血，破除恶血、尿血，通利大小肠，去除胃中积滞食物，恢复体力，补益五脏内部损伤不足，疏通血脉，益气力，改善耳听目视功能。鲜品效果更佳。生地黄，大寒。主治妇女崩漏不止，以及产后血气上冲心胸导致胸闷窒息，身体受损胎动下血，胎盘不下；跌打坠伤、骨折、瘀血、蓄血、鼻衄、吐血，均捣碎取汁饮用。长期服用可使人身体轻盈、延缓衰老。又名地髓，又名昌本，又名泥蒲。产于咸阳地区的川泽黄土中，八月采集根部，阴干。与麦门冬、清酒配伍效果好，忌用贝母，畏惧芜荑。咸阳即长安。渭城出产的有种子果实，果实像小麦。淮南七精散中使用它。其中彭城的干地黄最好，其次是历阳的，现在使用江宁板桥产的质量最佳。制作干地黄有特定方法，捣汁后蒸制，非常讲究工艺；而此处只说阴干，颜色和味道都不相似，更担心是蒸制工艺失误？权贵阶层有时会用牛膝、萎蕤冒充，人们无法辨别。《仙经》中也用于服食，主要取其花；又善于生根，也主治突发耳聋、听力减退。干地黄质地粘湿，制成丸散使用时，需用烈日暴晒，干燥后重量大幅减少，一斤只能得到十两散剂，使用时应增加用量。
味辛，性温，无毒。主治风寒湿痹，咳嗽气逆，开通心窍，补益五脏，通利九窍，使耳目聪明，发声清晰，主治耳聋，痈疮，温暖肠胃，止小便频数，治疗四肢风湿痹痛、屈伸不利，小儿温热疟疾，身体积热不退，可作药浴汤剂。长期服用可使人身体轻盈，聪耳明目，记忆力强，不迷惑，延年益寿，益智增慧，志向高远，延缓衰老。又名昌阳。产于上洛郡池泽及蜀郡严道。一寸九节的品质优良。露根不可使用。五月、十二月采集根部，阴干。秦皮、秦艽为其辅佐药，忌用地胆、麻黄。上洛郡属梁州，严道县在蜀郡。现在到处都有，生长在石砾上，节段密集为好。生长在低湿地的大根者名为昌阳，仅主治风湿，不适合服食。此药能驱虫并杀灭跳蚤虱子，但现在都不提及了。真正的菖蒲叶有脊，如同剑刃，四月、五月也会开出小花。东边溪边又有名为溪荪的，根茎与此不同，将其混同为石上菖蒲是错误的。此药仅主治咳嗽气逆，也能杀灭跳蚤虱子，但不作为服食养生之用。《诗经》咏叹：“多云兰荪”，正指此物。
Sweet and bitter in taste, cold in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats fractures, severed tendons, internal injuries, expels blood bi (blood stasis obstruction), fills the bone marrow, and promotes muscle growth. Decoction removes cold-heat patterns, dissipates accumulations, and eliminates bi syndrome. It primarily treats five labors and seven injuries in men, and middle injury, uterine leakage, and lower bleeding in women; breaks down evil blood and hematuria, benefits the large and small intestines, removes retained food in the stomach, restores strength, supplements deficiencies of internal injuries of the five zang organs, unblocks the vessels and collaterals, boosts qi and strength, and benefits hearing and vision. The fresh form is especially effective. Sheng Dihuang (Fresh Radix Rehmanniae), very cold in nature. Primarily treats metrorrhagia and metrostaxis in women that does not stop, as well as postpartum blood rushing to the heart causing chest oppression and syncope, body damage with fetal movement and lower bleeding, and retained placenta; for falls, fractures, bruised blood, retained blood, epistaxis, and hematemesis, all are crushed and taken as juice. Long-term use lightens the body and prevents aging. Also known as Di Sui (Earth Marrow), also known as Chang Ben, also known as Ni Pu. Grows in the river marshes and yellow soil of Xianyang, roots harvested in August and dried in shade. Beneficial when combined with Ophiopogonis Radix (Maidong) and clear wine; adverse with Fritillariae Bulbus (Beimu); fears Pyrethri Chrysanthemelli Flos (Wuyi). Xianyang is Chang'an. Those grown in Weicheng have seeds/fruits like wheat. Used in Huainan Qijing San. Among them, Gan Dihuang (Dried Radix Rehmanniae) from Pengcheng is best, followed by Liyang; currently, those from Banqiao in Jiangning are superior. There is a specific method for making dried forms: crushing into juice and steaming requires great craftsmanship; whereas this text only mentions drying in shade, resulting in different color and taste, raising concerns about steaming errors? The wealthy sometimes use Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix (Niuxi) and Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma (Weirui) to imitate it, which people cannot distinguish. "Xian Jing" also uses it for ingestion, primarily utilizing its flowers; it also takes root easily and primarily treats sudden deafness and impaired hearing. Dried forms are sticky and moist; when made into pills and powders, they must be sun-dried intensely. Once dry, the weight reduces significantly; one jin yields only ten liang of powder, so dosage should be increased.
Pungent in taste, warm in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats wind-cold damp-bi, cough with rebellious qi, opens the heart orifice, supplements the five zang organs, unblocks the nine orifices, clarifies hearing and vision, facilitates voice production, treats deafness, carbuncles and sores, warms the stomach and intestines, stops frequent urination, treats damp-bi of the four limbs with inability to flex and extend, pediatric warm malaria with persistent body heat, and can be used as a medicinal bath decoction. Long-term use lightens the body, sharpens hearing and vision, improves memory, prevents confusion, prolongs life, benefits mind and intelligence, elevates aspirations, and prevents aging. Also known as Chang Yang. Grows in the pools and marshes of Shangluo Commandery and Yandao of Shu Commandery. One inch with nine nodes is of good quality. Exposed roots are unusable. Roots harvested in May and December, dried in shade. Qin Pi (Cortex Fraxini) and Qin Jiao (Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae) serve as assistants; adverse with Didan (Gynostemma Pentaphyllum Root) and Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba). Shangluo Commandery belongs to Liangzhou; Yandao County is in Shu Commandery. Now found everywhere, growing on rocky gravel, with dense nodes being preferred. Large roots growing in low wetlands are named Chang Yang, primarily treating wind-damp but unsuitable for ingestion. This herb effectively expels worms and kills fleas and lice, though this is rarely mentioned now. True Changpu (Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii) leaves have a midrib, like a sword blade, and produce small flowers in April and May. By streams in the east, there is another named Xisun, whose roots differ; confusing it with Shi Shang Changpu (Rock Acorus) is erroneous. This herb primarily treats cough and rebellious qi, and can kill fleas and lice, but is not used for ingestion and health preservation. The "Shi Jing" (Book of Songs) praises: "Many clouds of Lansun," referring precisely to this plant.