主耳猝聋，以灌之。毛，主射工，水毒。肉，平，利五脏。
东川多溪毒，养鹅以辟之，毛羽亦佳，中射工毒者，饮血又以涂身。鹅未必食射工，盖
以威相制耳，乃言鹅不食生
虫，今鹅子亦啖蚯蚓辈。
〔谨案〕鹅毛，主小儿惊痫，痢者。毛灰，主噎。
味甘，无毒。主风虚，寒热。白鸭屎，名鸭通。主杀石药毒，解结缚蓄热。肉，补虚，
除热，和脏腑，利水道。
即是鸭，鸭有家、有野，前《本经》雁肪，一名 肪，其疗小异，此说则专是家鸭耳。
黄雌鸭为补最胜。鸭卵不
可合鳖肉食之。凡鸟自死口不闭者，皆不可食之，食之杀人。
〔谨
案〕《别录》云∶鸭肪，主水肿。血，解诸毒。肉，主小儿惊痫。头，主水肿，通利小便，
古方疗水，用鸭头丸也。
味甘，平，无毒。主风挛，拘急，偏枯，气不通利，久服长毛发须眉，益气，不饥，轻
身，耐老。一名 肪。生江
南池泽，取无时。
诗云∶大曰鸿，小曰雁。今雁类亦有大小，皆同一形。又别有野鹅大于雁，犹似家仓鹅，
谓
其肉应亦好。 作木音，云是野鸭。今此一名 肪，则雁、 皆
相类尔。此前又有鸭事注在前。夫雁乃住江湖，而夏应产伏皆往北，恐雁门北人不食此鸟故
也，中原亦重之尔。虽采无时，以冬月为好。
〔谨案〕《别录》云∶雁喉下白毛，疗小儿痫
有效。夫雁为阳鸟，冬则南翔，而夏则北徂，时当春下，则孳育于北，岂谓北人不食之乎！
然雁与燕相反，燕来则雁往，燕往则雁来，故《礼》云∶秋候雁来，春去鸟至矣。
【白鹅膏】主治耳朵突然失聪，将其滴入耳中。鹅毛，主治被“射工”虫咬伤及水毒。鹅肉，性平，能通利五脏。
东川地区多溪毒，人们养鹅来预防它，鹅的羽毛也有很好的效果；若有人中了射工毒，饮用鹅血并涂抹在身上。鹅未必真的吃射工虫，大概是以其威势相克制罢了，有人说鹅不吃活虫，如今鹅雏也吃蚯蚓之类。
【考证】鹅毛，主治小儿惊痫、痢疾。鹅毛烧成灰，主治噎膈。
【鸭肪】味甘，无毒。主治风虚、寒热。白鸭屎，名为“鸭通”。主治杀死石药毒，解除郁结蓄积之热。鸭肉，补益虚弱，清除内热，调和脏腑，通利水道。
这就是鸭子，鸭子有家鸭和野鸭之分，前代《神农本草经》中的雁肪，又名“肪”，其疗效略有不同，此处所说的是专指家鸭。黄雌鸭的补益作用最为显著。鸭卵不可与鳖肉一起食用。凡是鸟类自然死亡且嘴巴不闭合的，都不可食用，吃了会杀人。
【考证】《名医别录》记载：鸭脂肪，主治水肿。鸭血，能解各种毒。鸭肉，主治小儿惊痫。鸭头，主治水肿，通利小便，古代方剂治疗水肿有用鸭头丸的。
【雁肪】味甘，性平，无毒。主治风邪引起的痉挛、拘急、半身不遂，气机不通利，长期服用能使毛发眉毛生长，益气，使人不觉饥饿，身体轻健，耐老。又名“肪”。产于江南池塘沼泽，随时可采集。
《诗经》说：大的叫鸿，小的叫雁。如今的雁类也有大小之分，但形状都一样。另外还有一种野鹅比雁大，有点像家里的仓鹅，推测它的肉应该也不错。“雁”读作木音，说是野鸭。如今这个名称“肪”，则雁和野鸭都是相似的一类。此前有关于鸭的注释在前面。雁居住在江湖，夏天产卵孵化时都往北飞，恐怕是雁门关以北的人不吃这种鸟的缘故，中原地区也很重视它。虽然随时可以采集，但以冬季为好。
【考证】《名医别录》记载：雁喉下的白毛，治疗小儿癫痫有效。雁是阳鸟，冬天向南飞翔，夏天向北迁徙，到了春天，就在北方繁殖，怎么能说北方人不吃它呢！然而雁与燕子相反，燕子来时雁离开，燕子离开时雁到来，所以《礼记》说：秋天等候雁来，春天去的是鸟（指燕子）。
[Goose Fat] Indicated for sudden deafness; instill into the ear. Goose feathers are indicated for injuries from "Shegong" (a mythical insect-like creature causing sores) and water toxicity. Goose meat is neutral in nature and promotes the free flow of the Five Zang Organs.
In the Dongchuan region, stream toxins are prevalent; raising geese serves as a preventive measure, and goose feathers are also effective. For those poisoned by Shegong, drinking goose blood and applying it to the body is beneficial. Geese may not necessarily consume Shegong insects; rather, they likely suppress them through their imposing presence. It is said that geese do not eat live worms, yet goose goslings now consume earthworms.
[Verification] Goose feathers are indicated for pediatric convulsions and epilepsy, and dysentery. Ashed goose feathers are indicated for dysphagia (difficulty swallowing).
[Duck Fat] Sweet in taste, non-toxic. Indicated for wind-deficiency patterns and alternating chills and fever. White duck feces, named Yatong (Duck Pass), is indicated for neutralizing mineral drug toxicity and resolving stagnation with accumulated heat. Duck meat tonifies deficiency, clears heat, harmonizes the Zang-Fu organs, and promotes urination.
This refers to ducks, which include domestic and wild varieties. The earlier *Shennong Bencao Jing* mentions Yanfang (Wild Goose Fat), also known as Fang, with slightly different therapeutic effects; the current text specifically refers to domestic ducks. Yellow female ducks offer the most potent tonification. Duck eggs should not be consumed together with turtle meat. Any bird that dies naturally with its mouth open must not be eaten, as consumption can be fatal.
[Verification] *Mingyi Bielu* states: Duck fat indicates edema. Duck blood resolves various toxins. Duck meat indicates pediatric convulsions and epilepsy. Duck heads indicate edema and promote diuresis; ancient formulas for treating water retention utilize Ya Tou Wan (Duck Head Pill).
[Wild Goose Fat] Sweet in taste, neutral in nature, non-toxic. Indicated for wind-induced spasms, muscle contracture, hemiplegia, and qi obstruction. Long-term consumption promotes the growth of hair, eyebrows, and beard, tonifies Qi, reduces hunger sensations, lightens the body, and enhances longevity. Also known as Fang. Grows in the ponds and marshes of Jiangnan; harvestable at any time.
The *Classic of Poetry* states: "The large one is called Hong, the small one is called Yan." Current wild goose species vary in size but share the same morphology. Additionally, there is a wild goose larger than the Yan, resembling the domestic Cang goose; its meat is presumed to be good. "Yan" is pronounced like "mu," referring to wild ducks. Currently, this term "Fang" implies that both wild geese and wild ducks are similar categories. Notes on ducks appear previously. Wild geese inhabit rivers and lakes, migrating north for summer nesting. It is possible that people north of Yanmen Pass do not consume this bird, whereas the Central Plains value it. Although harvestable anytime, winter is preferred.
[Verification] *Mingyi Bielu* states: White feathers from the throat of wild geese are effective for treating pediatric epilepsy. Wild geese are Yang birds; they migrate south in winter and north in summer. In spring, they breed in the north; how can it be said that northerners do not eat them! However, wild geese move opposite to swallows: when swallows arrive, wild geese depart; when swallows depart, wild geese arrive. Thus, the *Book of Rites* states: "In autumn, we await the arrival of wild geese; in spring, the departing birds [swallows] arrive."