味辛，温，无毒。主风游丹肿，乳痈。
《别录》曰∶春食之，能发膝痼疾。此人间所啖菜也。（新附）
味甘，平，无毒。主伤中，虚羸，补五内，益气力，长肌肉，填髓脑。坚筋骨，疗金创，
止痛，及伤寒温疟，大吐后虚热羸困。久服轻身不老，明耳目，耐饥渴，延年。以作油，微
寒，利大肠、胞衣不落；生者摩疮肿，生秃发。一名巨胜，一名狗虱，一名方茎，一名鸿藏。
叶名青 。生上党川泽。
八谷之中，惟此为良。淳黑者名巨胜。巨者，大也，是为大胜。本生大宛，故名胡麻。
又茎方名巨胜，茎圆名胡麻。
服食家当九蒸、九曝、熬、捣，饵之断谷、长生、充饥。虽易得，俗中学人犹不能恒服，而
况余药耶！蒸不熟，令人发落，
其性与茯苓相宜。俗方用之甚少，惟时以合汤丸耳。麻油生榨者如此，若蒸炒正可供作食及
燃耳，不入药用也。
〔谨案〕
此麻以角作八棱者为巨胜，四棱者名胡麻。都以乌者良，白者劣尔。生嚼涂小儿头疮及浸淫
恶疮，大效。
味甘，寒，无毒。主五脏邪气，风寒湿痹，益气，补脑髓，坚筋骨。久服耳目聪明，不
饥，不老，增寿。巨胜苗也。
生中原川谷。
胡麻叶。甚肥滑，亦可以沐头，但不知云何服之。仙方并无用此法，正当阴干，捣为丸
散耳。既服其实，故不复假
苗。五符巨胜丸方亦云∶叶名青 。本生大宛，度来千年耳。
〔谨
案〕青 ，《本经》在草部上品中，既堪啖，今从胡麻条下。
【芸台】
味辛，性温，无毒。主治风邪游走引起的丹毒肿胀、乳痈（乳腺炎）。
《名医别录》记载：春季食用它，可能诱发膝部的陈旧性疾病。这是民间常吃的蔬菜。（新收录）
【胡麻】
味甘，性平，无毒。主治中焦受损，身体虚弱消瘦，补益五脏，益气力，促进肌肉生长，填补骨髓脑髓。坚固筋骨，治疗金属利器造成的创伤，止痛，以及伤寒、温疟病，大吐之后出现的虚热、消瘦困倦。长期服用可使人身体轻盈、延缓衰老，使耳目聪明，耐饥渴，延年益寿。若制成油，性微寒，能通利大肠、促进胎盘排出；鲜叶摩擦疮肿，可治疗脱发。又名巨胜，又名狗虱，又名方茎，又名鸿藏。叶子名为青葙（此处指胡麻叶，古称青）。产于上党地区的川泽地带。
在八谷之中，只有它是优良的。纯黑色的称为巨胜。“巨”意为大，即是大胜。本产于大宛国，所以名叫胡麻。
又因茎方形称为巨胜，茎圆形称为胡麻。
服食家应当经过九次蒸煮、九次暴晒、炒制、捣碎后服用，以此断绝谷物摄入、追求长生、充饥。虽然容易得到，但世俗中的学道之人尚且不能坚持服用，何况其他药物呢！如果蒸不熟，会导致头发脱落。
它的性质与茯苓相宜。世俗医方中很少使用它，只是偶尔用来配合汤剂或丸药罢了。生榨的麻油如此，如果是蒸炒过的，只可供食用及燃烧用，不进入药用范畴。
〔谨案〕
这种麻以果角呈八棱形的为巨胜，四棱形的名为胡麻。都以乌黑色者为良，白色者较差。生嚼涂抹小儿头部疮疡及浸淫恶疮，效果显著。
【青】
味甘，性寒，无毒。主治五脏邪气，风寒湿痹，益气，补脑髓，坚固筋骨。长期服用可使耳目聪明，不感到饥饿，延缓衰老，增加寿命。是巨胜（胡麻）的幼苗。
产于中原地区的川谷地带。
胡麻叶。非常肥厚滑润，也可以用来洗头，但不知道如何内服。仙方中并没有使用此法，正当阴干后，捣碎制成丸散服用。既然已经服用了其实体部分，所以不再借助其苗。五符巨胜丸方中也说：叶子名为青。本产于大宛，传入已有千年了。
〔谨案〕青，《神农本草经》将其列在草部上品中，既然可以食用，现在从胡麻条下收录。
[You Tai (Brassica rapa var. parachinensis)]
Taste: Pungent. Nature: Warm. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Indications: Wind wandering carbuncle swelling, mastitis (breast abscess).
*The Separate Record of Famous Physicians* states: Consuming it in spring may trigger chronic diseases of the knees. This is a vegetable commonly eaten by people. (Newly added)
[Hu Ma (Sesamum indicum)]
Taste: Sweet. Nature: Neutral. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Indications: Damage to the middle jiao, emaciation and weakness, tonification of the five zang organs, augmentation of qi and strength, promotion of muscle growth, filling of marrow and brain. Strengthens bones and sinews, treats traumatic injuries caused by metal weapons, relieves pain, and addresses cold damage, warm malaria, and post-emesis deficiency heat with emaciation and exhaustion. Long-term consumption lightens the body, prevents aging, clarifies the ears and eyes, increases resistance to hunger and thirst, and prolongs life. When processed into oil, its nature is slightly cool; it promotes bowel movement and facilitates the expulsion of the placenta. Fresh leaves rubbed on sores and swellings can treat alopecia. Also known as Ju Sheng (Giant Victory), Gou Shi (Dog Louse), Fang Jing (Square Stem), and Hong Zang. The leaves are named Qing. It grows in the rivers and marshes of Shangdang.
Among the eight grains, this one is superior. Pure black ones are called Ju Sheng. "Ju" means large, signifying great victory. It originally came from Dayuan, hence the name Hu Ma.
Furthermore, those with square stems are called Ju Sheng, while those with round stems are called Hu Ma.
Practitioners of dietary therapy should steam it nine times, sun-dry it nine times, roast it, and crush it before consumption to achieve grain avoidance, longevity, and satiety. Although easy to obtain, lay practitioners often cannot persist in taking it regularly, let alone other medicines! If not steamed thoroughly, it causes hair loss.
Its properties are compatible with Poria cocos (Fuling). It is rarely used in secular prescriptions, only occasionally combined with decoctions or pills. Raw-pressed sesame oil has these properties; however, roasted or fried sesame oil is suitable only for food and fuel, not for medicinal use.
[Editor's Note]
This sesame with octagonal pods is Ju Sheng, while that with quadrangular pods is Hu Ma. Those that are entirely black are superior, while white ones are inferior. Chewing raw and applying it to infant head sores and impetigo yields significant effects.
[Qing (Sesamum indicum leaf/seedling)]
Taste: Sweet. Nature: Cold. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Indications: Pathogenic factors in the five zang organs, wind-cold-damp bi syndrome, augmentation of qi, tonification of brain marrow, strengthening of bones and sinews. Long-term consumption clarifies the ears and eyes, reduces hunger, prevents aging, and increases lifespan. It is the seedling of Ju Sheng.
It grows in the rivers and valleys of the Central Plains.
Hu Ma leaves are very thick and slippery; they can also be used for washing hair, but their method of internal administration is unknown. Immortal formulas do not employ this method; rather, they should be shade-dried, crushed, and made into pills or powders. Since the fruit is already consumed, the seedlings are no longer needed. The Wufu Ju Sheng Wan prescription also states: The leaves are named Qing. It originally came from Dayuan and has been introduced for a thousand years.
[Editor's Note] Qing was listed in the Superior Category of the Herb Section in *Shennong Ben Cao Jing*. Since it is edible, it is now included under the Hu Ma entry.