味辛，平，有毒。主五劳七伤，利五脏，下血寒气，破积，止痹，散脓。多食令人见鬼
狂走。久服通神明，轻身。
一名麻勃，此麻花上勃勃者。七月七日采，良。麻子，味甘，平，无
不老。疗中风汗出，逐水，
利小便，破积血，复血脉，乳妇产后余疾，长发，可为沐药。久服神
仙。九月采。入土中者贼人。生太山川谷。
畏牡蛎、白薇，恶茯苓。麻 即牡麻，牡麻则无实，今人作布及履用之。麻勃，方药亦
少用，术家合人参服之，令
逆知未来事。其子中仁，合丸药并酿酒，大善，而是滑利性。麻根汁及煮饮之，亦主瘀血、
石淋。
〔谨案〕 ，即麻实，
非花也。《尔雅》云∶ ， 实。《礼
》云∶苴，麻之有 者。注云∶有子之麻为苴。皆谓子耳。陶以一名麻勃，谓勃勃然如花者
，即以为花，重出子条，误矣。既以麻 为米之上品，今用花为之，花岂堪食乎？根主产难
胞衣不出，破血壅胀，带下，崩中不止者，以水煮服之，效。沤麻汁，主消渴。捣叶水绞取
汁，服五合，主蛔虫。捣敷蝎毒，效。
味甘，微温。主补虚乏，止渴，去血。
方家用饴糖，乃云胶饴，皆是湿糖如浓蜜者，建中汤多用之。其凝强及牵白者，不入药。
又
今酒用曲，糖用 ，犹同是米、麦，而为中、上之异。糖当以和润为优，酒以熏乱为劣。
【麻】
味辛，性平，有毒。主治五劳七伤（泛指多种慢性虚损性疾病），通利五脏，驱散下焦寒邪之气，破除积滞，止住痹痛，消散脓毒。多食会导致人产生幻觉、看见鬼怪，甚至狂乱奔走。长期服用可以通灵达神，使身体轻盈。
又名“麻勃”，指的是麻花上繁盛的部分。七月七日采集，品质最佳。
麻子，味甘，性平，无毒。治疗中风引起的汗出异常，逐除水湿，通利小便，破除瘀血积滞，恢复血脉通畅。用于乳母产后余疾，促进头发生长，可作为洗头用药。长期服用可致成仙。九月采集。如果麻子落入土中发芽，则对人有害。产于太山川谷地带。
麻畏牡蛎、白薇，恶茯苓。
麻即牡麻，牡麻不结籽，今人用它制作布匹和鞋子。麻勃在方药中也较少使用，修道之人将其与人参合服，据说能预知未来之事。其子中的仁，配合丸药或酿酒，效果很好，但性质滑利。麻根榨汁或煮水饮用，也主治瘀血、石淋（泌尿系结石）。
【谨案】按：此处所指的“麻实”（注：原文此处可能有脱字或指代不明，结合下文应为指麻子/大麻仁），并非花。《尔雅》说：“……是其实。”《礼记》说：“苴，是有籽的麻。”注释说：“有子的麻称为苴。”都是指种子罢了。陶弘景因为有一个名字叫“麻勃”，认为它蓬勃如花的样子，就把它当作花，重复列在子条之下，这是错误的。既然把麻实作为米的上品，现在却用花来代替，花怎么能够食用呢？麻根主治难产、胞衣不下，破除血壅胀满，带下病，崩中不止者，用水煎煮服用，有效。沤制麻汁，主治消渴（糖尿病类症状）。捣碎叶片绞取汁液，服用五合，主治蛔虫。捣碎外敷蝎子咬伤，有效。
【饴糖】
味甘，微温。主治补益虚乏，止渴，去血。
医家使用的饴糖，称为胶饴，都是像浓蜜一样湿润粘稠的糖，建中汤多用此药。那些凝固强硬及拉丝发白的，不入药用。
又，如今酿酒用曲，制糖用……（原文此处似有缺漏，意指原料），虽然同样是米、麦，却有中品、上品的区别。糖应当以温和滋润为优，酒以气味熏烈混乱为劣。
[Ma (Hemp)]
Pungent in flavor, neutral in nature, toxic. It primarily treats the five exhaustions and seven injuries (a general term for various chronic deficiency syndromes), promotes the free flow of the Five Zang organs, dispels cold qi from the lower jiao, breaks up accumulations, stops bi-syndrome pain, and dissipates pus/toxins. Excessive consumption may cause hallucinations, seeing ghosts, or manic running. Long-term use can enhance spiritual clarity and make the body feel light.
Also known as "Ma Bo," referring to the abundant part of the hemp flower. Collected on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month for best quality.
Hemp seeds (Cannabis Fructus) have a sweet flavor and neutral nature, non-toxic. They treat sweating due to wind-stroke, expel water-dampness, promote urination, break up blood stasis and accumulation, restore blood vessel patency, and treat residual postpartum conditions in nursing mothers. They promote hair growth and can be used as a hair-washing medicine. Long-term use is said to lead to immortality. Collected in September. Seeds that fall into the soil and sprout are harmful to humans. Grows in valleys of Mount Tai.
Hemp fears Oyster Shell (Muli) and White Anemone Root (Baiwei); it dislikes Poria (Fuling).
"Hemp" refers to male hemp (Mu Ma), which does not produce seeds; nowadays, people use it to make cloth and shoes. "Ma Bo" (hemp flowers) is rarely used in prescriptions. Daoist practitioners combine it with Ginseng (Renshen), claiming it enables foresight of future events. The kernels within the seeds, when combined into pills or brewed into wine, are very beneficial, but possess a slippery and lubricating nature. Hemp root juice or decoction also treats blood stasis and stone strangury (urinary calculi).
[Note]: What is referred to here as "Ma Shi" (Hemp fruit/seeds) is actually the seed, not the flower. *Erya* states: "...is its fruit." *Book of Rites* states: "Ju is hemp with seeds." The commentary says: "Hemp bearing seeds is called Ju." All refer to the seed. Tao Hongjing, because one name was "Ma Bo," perceived it as flourishing like a flower, and thus classified it as a flower, duplicating it under the seed category, which is an error. Since "Ma Shi" is considered a premium grain, how could flowers be fit for consumption? Hemp root treats difficult labor and retained placenta, breaks up blood stagnation and distension, leukorrhea, and metrorrhagia. Decocted in water and taken orally, it is effective. Fermented hemp juice treats Xiao Ke (wasting-thirst syndrome). Crushed leaves, wrung for juice, taken in amounts of 5 he, treat roundworms. Crushed and applied externally, it is effective for scorpion stings.
[Yi Tang (Maltose)]
Sweet in flavor, slightly warm in nature. It primarily tonifies deficiency and fatigue, relieves thirst, and resolves blood issues.
Physicians use Yi Tang, specifically referred to as "Jiao Yi," which is a moist, thick, honey-like syrup. Jianzhong Decoction uses this extensively. Those that are solid/hard or white and stringy are not suitable for medicinal use.
Furthermore, while brewing wine uses koji and making sugar uses [grains], although both originate from rice and wheat, there are distinctions between medium and superior grades. Sugar should be preferred if it is mild and moistening; wine is inferior if its aroma is overpowering and chaotic.