味苦，寒，无毒。主寒湿风痹，黄胆，补中。止血，内崩，下血，膀胱不足， 跌，蛊
毒。久服益精气轻身。可以
染绛。一名地血，一名茹 ，一名茅搜，一名 。生乔山川谷。二
畏鼠姑。 此则今染绛茜草也。东间诸处乃有而少，不如西多。今俗道经方不甚服用。
此当以其为疗少而丰贱故也。
《诗》云∶茹 在 者是。
味苦，平，无毒。主骨节热，胫重酸疼。头眩顶重，皮间邪风如蜂螫针刺，鱼子细起，
热疮
咳嗽，下乳汁。久服令人身轻，益气明目不老。可煮可干。一名漏芦，一名天荠，一名伏猪，
一
名飞轻，一名伏兔，一名飞雉，一名木禾。生河内川泽。正月采根，七月、八月采花，阴干。
得乌头良，恶麻黄。 处处有。极似苦 ，惟叶下附茎，轻有皮起似箭羽，叶又多刻缺，
花紫色。俗方殆无用，而
道家服其枝茎，可得长生，又入神枕方。今既
别有漏芦，则非此别名尔。
〔谨案〕此有两种∶一是陶证生平泽中者；其生山
岗上者，叶颇相似，而无疏缺，且多毛，茎亦无羽，根直下，更无旁枝。生则肉白皮黑，中
有黑脉；晒干则黑如玄参。用叶、茎及根，疗疳蚀杀虫，与平泽者俱有验。今俗以马蓟似苦
为漏芦，并非是也。
味酸，温、微寒，无毒。主痈疽，恶疮，结肉，跌筋，败疮，热气，阴蚀不瘳，利关节。
久服轻身益气。根，止泄利腹痛，五脏客热，除邪逆气，疽癞，诸恶疮，金疮伤挞，生肉复
肌。一名蔷薇，一名蔷麻，一名牛棘，一名牛勒，一名蔷蘼，一名山棘。生零陵川谷及蜀郡
。八月、九月采，阴干。
营实即是蔷薇子，以白花者为良。根亦可煮酿酒，茎、叶亦可煮作饮。
【茜根】
味道苦，性寒，无毒。主治寒湿引起的风痹证、黄疸，能补益中气。具有止血功效，可用于治疗内脏出血、便血、膀胱功能不足（指膀胱气化无力或尿失禁等症）、跌打损伤以及蛊毒。长期服用可增益精气，使身体轻盈。可用于染成红色。又名地血，又名茹蒨，又名茅搜，又名[缺字]。生长在乔山山谷中。二物相畏：畏鼠姑（芍药）。这就是现在用来染红色的茜草。东部地区各地虽有但数量少，不如西部多。如今世俗医生在经方中不常使用它。这大概是因为它的疗效较少被重视且产量丰富价格低廉的缘故。《诗经》说：“茹蒨在涧”指的就是这种植物。
【飞廉】
味道苦，性平，无毒。主治骨节发热、小腿沉重酸痛。头晕目眩、头顶沉重，皮肤间邪风侵袭如蜂刺针扎，皮肤出现如鱼子般细小的突起，热疮，咳嗽，通乳汁。长期服用使人身体轻盈，益气明目，延缓衰老。可以煮食也可以晒干。又名漏芦，又名天荠，又名伏猪，又名飞轻，又名伏兔，又名飞雉，又名木禾。生长在河内地区的川泽中。正月采集根部，七月、八月采集花朵，阴干。与乌头配伍效果良好，忌与麻黄同用。到处都有生长。极似苦菜，只是叶子下附茎部，表面轻微隆起像箭羽，叶子多有刻缺状，花紫色。世俗方剂几乎不用它，而道家服用其枝茎，据说可得长生，又列入神枕方中。如今既然另有名为“漏芦”的药物，那么此物就不是那个别名了。
〔谨案〕此药有两种：一种是陶弘景记载的生于平泽中的；另一种是生在山岗上的，叶子颇相似，但没有疏缺，而且多毛，茎也没有羽状突起，根直下生长，更没有旁枝。新鲜时肉质白皮黑，中有黑色脉络；晒干后黑得像玄参。使用叶、茎及根，治疗疳蚀杀虫，与平泽中所产者均有疗效。如今世俗以马蓟似苦菜的当作漏芦，这是不对的。
【营实】
味道酸，性温、微寒，无毒。主治痈疽、恶疮、结肉、跌筋损伤、败疮、热气、阴部腐蚀久不愈合、利关节。长期服用可轻身益气。根部可止泄利腹痛，清除五脏客热，祛除邪逆之气，治疗疽癞及各种恶疮、金疮伤挞，促进肌肉再生恢复。又名蔷薇，又名蔷麻，又名牛棘，又名牛勒，又名蔷蘼，又名山棘。生长在零陵川谷及蜀郡。八月、九月采集，阴干。
营实即是蔷薇子，以白花者为佳。根部也可煮酒酿酒，茎、叶也可煮水作饮。
[Qian Gen (Rubia Root)]
Taste: Bitter. Nature: Cold. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Indications: Primarily treats wind-bi syndrome caused by cold-dampness, jaundice, and tonifies the Middle Jiao (Spleen and Stomach). It stops bleeding and is used for internal hemorrhage, lower body bleeding, insufficiency of the Bladder (referring to impaired bladder qi transformation or incontinence), traumatic injuries, and gu poison. Long-term consumption benefits essence and qi, making the body light. It can be used to dye fabric red. Also known as Di Xue (Earth Blood), Ru Qian (Ru Qian), Mao Sou (Mao Sou), and [missing character]. Grows in valleys of Qiao Mountain. Antagonistic with Shu Gu (Paeonia lactiflora). This is the Rubia cordifolia currently used for red dyeing. It is present but scarce in eastern regions, unlike the abundance in western regions. Currently, secular physicians rarely use it in canonical formulas. This is likely because its therapeutic value is underappreciated and it is abundant and cheap. The Book of Songs states: "Ru Qian in the stream," referring to this plant.
[Fei Lian (Carduus crispus)]
Taste: Bitter. Nature: Neutral. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Indications: Primarily treats heat in bone joints, heaviness and soreness in the shins. Dizziness, heaviness at the vertex, pathogenic wind in the skin feeling like bee stings or needle pricks, fine bumps on the skin like fish roe, hot sores, cough, and promotes lactation. Long-term consumption makes the body light, benefits qi, brightens the eyes, and prevents aging. Can be boiled or dried. Also known as Lou Lu (Cirsium japonicum), Tian Qi (Heavenly Radish), Fu Zhu (Hidden Pig), Fei Qing (Flying Light), Fu Tu (Hidden Rabbit), Fei Zhi (Flying Pheasant), and Mu He (Wood Grain). Grows in rivers and marshes of Henei. Roots are harvested in the first lunar month; flowers in the seventh and eighth months; dried in shade. Compatible with Wu Tou (Aconitum carmichaelii); incompatible with Ma Huang (Ephedrae Herba). Found everywhere. Resembles Ku Cai (Sonchus oleraceus) closely, but leaves attach to the stem underside, surface slightly raised like arrow feathers, leaves have serrated edges, flowers are purple. Secular prescriptions rarely use it, while Daoists consume its branches and stems for longevity, and it is included in Shen Zhen Fang (Divine Pillow Formula). Since there is now a distinct herb named Lou Lu, this is not that alias.
[Note]: There are two types: one described by Tao Hongjing growing in flat marshes; the other grows on hills, leaves are somewhat similar but lack serrations, are hairy, stems lack feather-like projections, roots grow straight down without lateral branches. Fresh flesh is white with black skin and black veins inside; when dried, it turns black like Xu Shen (Scrophulariae Radix). Leaves, stems, and roots are used to treat gan erosion and kill parasites, showing efficacy comparable to those from flat marshes. Currently, people mistakenly identify Ma Ji (Cirsium setosum) resembling Ku Cai as Lou Lu, which is incorrect.
[Ying Shi (Rosa laevigata fruit)]
Taste: Sour. Nature: Warm, slightly Cold. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Indications: Primarily treats carbuncles, malignant sores, nodules, tendon injuries, necrotic sores, excess heat, chronic genital ulcers, and facilitates joint movement. Long-term consumption lightens the body and benefits qi. Roots stop diarrhea and abdominal pain, clear latent heat in the five zang organs, eliminate rebellious pathogenic qi, treat gangrenous leprosy and various malignant sores, heal metal wounds and beatings, and regenerate muscle tissue. Also known as Qiang Wei (Rose), Qiang Ma (Thorny Hemp), Niu Ji (Ox Thorn), Niu Le (Ox Restraint), Qiang Mi (Thorny Mist), and Shan Ji (Mountain Thistle). Grows in valleys of Lingling and Shu Commandery. Harvested in the eighth and ninth lunar months; dried in shade.
Ying Shi refers to the seeds/fruits of Rosa laevigata, with white-flowered varieties being superior. Roots can also be used to brew wine; stems and leaves can be boiled for tea.