味苦，平、微寒，无毒。主风湿痹历节痛，惊痫吐舌，悸气，贼风，鼠 ，痈肿，暴症，
逐水，疗痿蹶。久服轻身
明目。一名麋衔，一名承膏，一名承肌，一名无心，一名无颠。生汉中川泽及宛朐、邯郸。
七月采茎、叶，阴干。
得秦皮良。 俗用亦少。
〔谨案〕此草丛生，似茺蔚及白头翁。其叶有毛，茎赤，疗
贼风大效，南人谓之吴风草。
一名鹿衔草，言鹿有疾，衔此草，瘥。又有大、小二种∶楚人犹谓大者为大吴风草，小者为
小吴风草也。
味酸，温，无毒。主益气，咳逆上气，劳伤羸瘦，补不足，强阴，益男子精。养五脏，
除热，生阴中肌。一名会及，
一名玄及。生齐山山谷及代郡。八月采实，阴干。
苁蓉为之使，恶萎蕤，胜乌头。 今第一出高丽，多肉而酸、甜，次出青州、冀州，味
过酸，其核并似猪肾。又有
建平者，少肉，核形不相似，味苦，亦良。此药多膏润，烈日曝之，乃可捣筛。道方亦须用。
〔谨案〕五味，皮肉甘、
酸，核中辛、苦，都有咸味，此则五味具也。《本经》云∶味酸，当以木为五行之先也。其
叶似杏而大，蔓生木上。子作
房如落葵，大如 子。一出蒲州及蓝田山中。
味甘，温，无毒。主益气，去面 黑色，媚好。其根，味辛，主腹中寒热邪气，利小便。
久
花，一名金沸，一名美草。生豫州平泽。五月采，阴干。
东人呼为山姜，南人呼为美草，根似杜若，亦似高良姜。腹中冷痛，煮服甚效；作丸散
服之，辟谷止饥。近有人从
南还，遂用此术与人断谷，皆得半年百日不饥不瘦，但志浅嗜深，不
花赤色，殊辛美，子状如豆
蔻。此旋花之名，即是其花也，今山东甚多。
〔谨案〕此即生平泽，旋 是也。其根似筋，
故一名筋根。旋花，陶所
说真山姜尔。
陶复于下品旋 注中云∶此根出河南，北国来，根似芎 ，惟膏中用。今复道似高良姜，二
说自相矛盾。且此根味甘，
山姜味辛，都非此类。其旋 膏疗风，逐水止用花，言根亦无妨，
然不可以杜若乱之也。又将旋 花名金沸，作此别名非也。《别录》云∶根，主续筋也。
【薇衔】
味苦，性平或微寒，无毒。主治风湿痹痛、历节痛（关节疼痛游走不定）、惊痫吐舌、心悸气乱、贼风（突发的风邪）、鼠瘘（淋巴结核）、痈肿、暴症（突然发作的积聚病症），能逐水消肿，治疗痿蹶（肢体痿软无力）。长期服用可轻身明目。又名麋衔、承膏、承肌、无心、无颠。产于汉中地区的川泽以及宛朐、邯郸等地。七月采集茎和叶，阴干。与秦皮配伍效果良好。民间使用较少。
〔谨案〕这种草丛生，类似茺蔚及白头翁。其叶有毛，茎为红色，治疗贼风效果显著，南方人称之为吴风草。又名鹿衔草，传说鹿生病时衔此草，病即痊愈。又有大、小两种：楚地人仍称大的为大吴风草，小的为小吴风草。
【五味子】
味酸，性温，无毒。主治益气，咳嗽气逆，劳伤导致的身体消瘦，补益不足，强壮阴精，增加男子精气。滋养五脏，清除虚热，促进阴中生肌。又名会及、玄及。产于齐地山谷及代郡。八月采集果实，阴干。以肉苁蓉为使药，畏萎蕤，能胜乌头。现在第一等产地是高丽，肉质多肉且味酸、甜；其次产自青州、冀州，味道过酸，其核形状像猪肾。还有建平产的，肉少，核形不相似，味苦，也属良品。此药多含膏润物质，需烈日暴晒后，方可捣碎筛粉。道家方剂中也需用到。
〔谨案〕五味子的皮肉味甘、酸，核中味辛、苦，整体都有咸味，这就是五味俱全。《本经》说：味酸，应当以木为五行之先。其叶似杏叶但较大，蔓生缠绕在木上。果实呈房状如落葵，大小如菟丝子。有一处出产于蒲州及蓝田山中。
【旋花】
味甘，性温，无毒。主治益气，去除面部黑斑，使容貌美好。其根味辛，主治腹中寒热邪气，通利小便。长期服用……（原文此处似有脱漏，依上下文推测为“久服”相关功效，但严格按原文翻译则保留空缺或略过无效部分，此处原文为“久 / 花”，疑为排版错误，结合下文“一名金沸...五月采”，推测前文缺失部分可能涉及功效描述，但根据指令“不增添内容”，仅翻译可见文字）。又名金沸、美草。产于豫州平泽。五月采集，阴干。
东方人称为山姜，南方人称为美草，根部类似杜若，也类似高良姜。腹中冷痛，煮服效果很好；制成丸散服用，可辟谷止饥。近来有人从南方回来，便用此术与人断谷，都能达到半年百日不饥不瘦，只是人们志向浅薄、嗜好深重，不能……（原文此处似有脱漏，“不 / 花赤色”之间缺字，结合下文“花赤色”，推测原意可能是关于花的描述或食用禁忌，但严格遵循不增添原则，仅翻译可见部分）。花呈赤色，非常辛辣美味，种子形状如豆蔻。这个“旋花”的名字，指的就是它的花，现在山东地区很多。
〔谨案〕这就是生于平泽的旋花。其根似筋，所以又名筋根。旋花，就是陶弘景所说的真山姜。
陶弘景在下品旋花注中说：此根出河南，北国来，根似芎藭，惟膏中用。现在又说像高良姜，两种说法自相矛盾。而且此根味甘，山姜味辛，都不是这一类。其旋花膏治疗风疾，逐水只使用花，说根也无妨，但不可以用杜若混淆。又将旋花名为金沸，作为此别名是不对的。《别录》说：根，主治续筋。
[Wei Xian]
Bitter in taste, neutral or slightly cold in nature, non-toxic. Indicated for wind-damp bi syndrome (painful obstruction due to wind and dampness), li jie tong (migratory joint pain), fright epilepsy with tongue protrusion, palpitations and qi disorder, zei feng (sudden onset of wind pathogen), shu lou (scrofula/lymphatic tuberculosis), carbuncles and swellings, bao zheng (sudden onset of accumulation disorders), promotes water elimination, and treats wei jue (limb flaccidity and weakness). Long-term consumption lightens the body and brightens the eyes. Also known as Mi Xian, Cheng Gao, Cheng Ji, Wu Xin, and Wu Dian. Grows in river marshes of Hanzhong, as well as Wanqu and Handan. Harvest stems and leaves in July, dry in shade. Compatible with Qin Pi. Rarely used by common people.
[Note] This herb grows in clumps, resembling Chongwei (Leonurus japonicus) and Baitouweng (Pulsatilla chinensis). Its leaves are hairy, and its stem is red. It is highly effective in treating zei feng; people in the south call it Wu Feng Cao (Wu Wind Grass). Also known as Lu Xian Cao (Deer-Grasping Grass), said that when deer are ill, they grasp this grass, and their illness heals. There are two varieties, large and small: People in Chu still refer to the large one as Da Wu Feng Cao and the small one as Xiao Wu Feng Cao.
[Wuweizi]
Sour in taste, warm in nature, non-toxic. Indicated for tonifying qi, cough with rebellious qi, emaciation due to labor injury, supplementing deficiencies, strengthening yin, and benefiting male essence. Nourishes the five zang organs, clears heat, and generates flesh in the yin region. Also known as Hui Ji and Xuan Ji. Grows in mountain valleys of Qi and Dai Commandery. Harvest fruits in August, dry in shade. Cong Rong (Cistanche Herba) serves as an assistant herb; adverse reaction with Ruifeng (Polyporus); overcomes Wutou (Aconiti Radix). The first grade comes from Goryeo (Korea), fleshy, sour, and sweet; the second grade comes from Qingzhou and Jizhou, overly sour, with seeds resembling pig kidneys. Those from Jianping have less flesh, dissimilar seed shape, bitter taste, but are also good quality. This medicine is often moist and resinous; it must be sun-dried under intense sunlight before being pounded and sifted. Daoist prescriptions also require its use.
[Note] The skin and flesh of Wuwei Zi are sweet and sour; the core is pungent and bitter; overall, there is a salty taste. Thus, the five flavors are complete. The *Ben Jing* states: "Sour in taste, should take wood as the precursor of the Five Elements." Its leaves resemble apricot leaves but are larger, growing as vines on trees. The fruit forms chambers like Luokui (Abelmoschus manihot), size similar to Tusizi (Cuscutae Semen). One source produces it in mountains of Puzhou and Lantian.
[Xuanhua]
Sweet in taste, warm in nature, non-toxic. Indicated for tonifying qi, removing black spots on the face, and enhancing beauty. Its root is pungent in taste, indicated for cold and hot evil qi in the abdomen, and promoting urination. Long-term [text missing]... Also known as Jin Fei and Mei Cao. Grows in flat marshes of Yuzhou. Harvest in May, dry in shade.
People in the east call it Shan Jiang (Mountain Ginger); people in the south call it Mei Cao. The root resembles Du Ruo (Costus root) and also resembles Gaoliang Jiang (Alpinia officinarum). For cold pain in the abdomen, boiling and drinking is very effective; taking it as pills or powders helps in Bigu (grain avoidance) and stopping hunger. Recently, someone returning from the south used this technique to help others practice Bigu, achieving six months to one hundred days without hunger or weight loss, but people's aspirations are shallow and desires deep, cannot [text missing]... Flowers are reddish, extremely pungent and delicious; seeds resemble Doukou (Cardamom). The name "Xuan Hua" refers to its flower; it is now abundant in Shandong.
[Note] This is the Xuanhua growing in flat marshes. Its root resembles sinews, hence also named Jin Gen (Sinew Root). Xuan Hua is the true Shan Jiang described by Tao Hongjing.
Tao Hongjing noted in the lower category entry for Xuan Hua: "This root comes from Henan and northern regions, root resembles Xiongqiong (Ligusticum chuanxiong), used only in plasters." Now it is said to resemble Gaoliang Jiang; these two statements contradict each other. Moreover, this root is sweet in taste, while Shan Jiang is pungent; they are not of the same category. Its Xuan Hua paste treats wind disorders; water-draining uses only the flower; claiming the root is acceptable, but one must not confuse it with Du Ruo. Naming Xuan Hua as Jin Fei and using it as an alias for this plant is incorrect. The *Bie Lu* states: "Root, indicated for healing sinews."