夏伤于暑者，谓季夏、小暑、大暑之令，伤于暑也。其时天暑地热，人在其中，感之皆称暑病。夫暑
邪袭人，有伤暑、冒暑、中暑之分，且有暑风、暑温、暑咳、暑瘵之异。伤暑者，静而得之为伤阴暑，动而
得之为伤阳暑。冒暑者，较伤暑为轻，不过邪冒肌表而已。中暑者，即中 也，忽然卒倒，如中风状。暑
风者，须臾昏倒，手足遂抽。暑温者，较阳暑略为轻可。暑咳者，暑热袭肺而咳逆。暑瘵者，暑热劫络而吐
血。又有霍乱之证，因暑气夹风、寒、湿、食扰乱于中。痧气之证，因南方体弱，偶犯沙秽之气。秽浊之证，
因暑气夹秽而袭人，即俗称为龌龊也。此皆季夏由暑气所伤之证也。更有春末夏初之疰夏，孟
夏之热病，仲夏之霉湿，亦当论治。盖疰夏者，因时令之火为病。热病者，因冬时之伏气为病。霉湿者，入
霉之后，梅雨淫淋，感其雨湿之气为病。斯三者，附论于兹，则夏令之病，皆全备矣。
长夏伤暑，有阴阳之别焉。夫阴暑之为病，因于天气炎蒸，纳凉于深堂大厦，大扇风车得之者，是静而
得之之阴证也。其脉浮弦有力，或浮紧，头痛恶寒，身形拘急，肢节疼痛而心烦，肌肤大热而无汗。此为阴
寒所逼，使周身阳气不得伸越，宜用辛温解表法减去防风，益以香薷、藿香治之。呕逆加茯
苓、半夏，便泻加浓朴、木香。又有阳暑之病，缘于行旅长途，务农田野，烈日下逼得之者，是动而得之之
阳证也。其脉浮洪有力，或洪数，面垢喘咳，壮热心烦，口渴欲饮，蒸蒸自汗。此为炎热所蒸，使周身中外皆
热，宜以清凉涤暑法去扁豆、通草，加石膏、洋参治之。呕逆加竹茹、黄连，便泻加葛根、荷叶。更宜
审其体实、体虚而药之，自无不当耳。
张介宾曰∶阴暑证，或在于表，或在于里，惟富贵安逸之人多有之，总由恣情任性，不慎风寒所致也。阳
暑证，惟辛苦劳役之人多有之，由乎触冒暑热，有势所不容已也。然暑热逼人者，畏而可避，可避则犯之者
少；阴寒袭人者，快而莫知，莫知则犯之者多。故凡有病暑者，阳暑多不见，而阴暑居其八、九。今之人
治暑者，但见发热头痛等证，则必曰此中暑也，而所用无非寒凉，其不达也亦甚矣。
江诚曰∶介宾先生谓阴暑多于阳暑，最为确切。今人治
暑不别阴阳，一见发烧，遂投凉药，若此贸贸，则害人匪浅矣。
“夏伤于暑”，是指在季夏、小暑、大暑这三个节气期间，人体受到暑邪的侵害。此时天气炎热，地热蒸腾，人处于这种环境中，感受到的病邪都称为暑病。暑邪侵袭人体，有伤暑、冒暑、中暑的区别，此外还有暑风、暑温、暑咳、暑瘵等不同类型。伤暑中，安静状态下得病的称为伤阴暑（静而得之），活动状态下得病的称为伤阳暑（动而得之）。冒暑比伤暑病情轻，仅仅是邪气侵犯肌表而已。中暑，就是中暍（指夏季因受热而突然昏倒的病证），突然猝然昏倒，像中风的样子。暑风，是片刻间昏倒，随即手足抽搐。暑温，比阳暑稍微轻一些。暑咳，是暑热侵袭肺部导致咳嗽气逆。暑瘵，是暑热劫伤络脉导致吐血。又有霍乱（以突发呕吐腹泻为主要表现的疾病）的证候，是因为暑气夹杂风、寒、湿、食积扰乱在中焦。痧气（一种急性传染病或食物中毒样病症）的证候，是因为南方人体质虚弱，偶然触犯了沙秽之气。秽浊（指感受污秽浊邪）的证候，是因为暑气夹带秽浊之气侵袭人体，也就是俗称的“龌龊”病。这些都是季夏时期由暑气所导致的病证。更有春末夏初发生的疰夏（一种季节性虚损性疾病），孟夏（初夏）发生的热病，仲夏发生的霉湿病，也应当论述治疗。所谓疰夏，是因为时令之火致病。热病，是因为冬季潜伏的伏气致病。霉湿，是进入梅雨季节后，雨水连绵，感受雨湿之气而致病。这三种情况，附论于此，那么夏季的疾病就全部完备了。
长夏时节伤暑，有阴暑和阳暑的区别。阴暑发病，是因为天气炎热，人们在深堂大厦里纳凉，使用大扇风车吹风而得病，这是安静状态下得的阴证。其脉象浮弦有力，或浮紧，头痛恶寒，身体拘急不舒，肢节疼痛且心烦，肌肤大热但无汗。这是因为阴寒逼迫，使周身阳气不能舒展发散，适宜用辛温解表法，减去防风，加入香薷、藿香来治疗。如果伴有呕逆，加茯苓、半夏；如果伴有便泻，加厚朴、木香。又有阳暑的病，是因为长途旅行，在农田野外劳作，被烈日暴晒而得病，这是活动状态下得的阳证。其脉象浮洪有力，或洪数，面色垢浊，气喘咳嗽，高热心烦，口渴想喝水，蒸蒸出汗。这是因为炎热熏蒸，使全身内外都发热，适宜用清凉涤暑法，去掉扁豆、通草，加入石膏、西洋参来治疗。如果伴有呕逆，加竹茹、黄连；如果伴有便泻，加葛根、荷叶。更应当审察患者体质是实还是虚来用药，自然就没有不当之处了。
张介宾说：阴暑证，有的在表，有的在里，只有富贵安逸的人多有此病，总归是由于放纵情志任性，不慎风寒所致。阳暑证，只有辛苦劳役的人多有此病，是由于触犯暑热，形势所迫不得不如此。然而暑热逼人，人们畏惧可以躲避，能躲避则犯病的人少；阴寒袭人，感觉舒适而不知防备，不知防备则犯病的人多。所以凡是患暑病的人，阳暑很少见，而阴暑占十分之八九。现在的人治疗暑病，只要见到发热头痛等症状，就一定说是中暑，而所用的药物无非是寒凉药，这太不懂医理了。
江诚说：张介宾先生认为阴暑多于阳暑，最为确切。现在的人治疗暑病不辨别阴阳，一见发烧，就投用凉药，如果这样糊里糊涂地治病，害人不浅啊。
"Summer injury by summerheat" refers to the condition where, during the periods of Late Summer, Minor Heat, and Major Heat, the body is injured by summerheat pathogen. At this time, the weather is hot and the earth's heat steams upward; people living in such an environment contract what are collectively called summerheat diseases. When summerheat pathogen invades the human body, it can be categorized into Shangshu (Injury by Summerheat), Maoshu (Encounter with Summerheat), and Zhongshu (Stroke of Summerheat). Furthermore, there are variations such as Shufeng (Summerheat Wind), Shuwen (Summerheat Warmth), Shuke (Summerheat Cough), and Shuzhai (Summerheat Consumption). Among these, Shangshu obtained while at rest is called Yinshangshu (Yin Injury by Summerheat), while that obtained during activity is called Yangshangshu (Yang Injury by Summerheat). Maoshu is milder than Shangshu, involving merely the encroachment of pathogen on the muscle-surface. Zhongshu, also known as Zhonghe (Stroke of Heat causing sudden collapse), involves sudden fainting or collapse, resembling stroke. Shufeng involves fainting within moments followed by convulsions of the hands and feet. Shuwen is slightly milder than Yangshangshu. Shuke results from summerheat invading the lungs, leading to cough and rebellious qi. Shuzhai results from summerheat damaging collaterals, leading to hematemesis. There is also Huoluan (Cholera-like syndrome characterized by sudden vomiting and diarrhea), caused by summerheat mixed with wind, cold, dampness, or food stagnation disturbing the middle jiao. Shaqi (Sha Qi disease) occurs due to weak constitutions in the south occasionally encountering sandy and turbid pathogens. Huihuo (Turbid Pathogen syndrome) arises when summerheat carries turbid pathogens to invade the body, commonly known as "Wochuo" (filthy disease). These are all conditions caused by summerheat during Late Summer. Additionally, Zhuxia (Sticking Summerheat) occurring in late spring and early summer, Rebing (Heat Disease) in Early Summer, and Meishi (Moldy Dampness) in Mid-Summer should also be discussed for treatment. Zhuxia is caused by the fire of the seasonal timing. Rebing is caused by latent qi hidden since winter. Meishi occurs after entering the plum rain season, where continuous rain allows one to contract dampness from the rainfall. These three conditions are appended here, thereby completing the discussion on summer diseases.
In Late Summer, injury by summerheat has distinctions between yin and yang. The pathology of Yinshangshu arises because, despite the scorching weather, one seeks coolness in deep halls and large buildings, using large fans or windmills; this is a yin syndrome obtained through stillness. The pulse is floating, wiry, and forceful, or floating and tight; symptoms include headache, aversion to cold, bodily stiffness and tension, pain in limbs and joints, vexation, high skin temperature but absence of sweating. This is caused by yin-cold forcing the body's yang qi to fail in its extension and dispersion. It is appropriate to use Acrid-Warm Exterior-Resolving Method, removing Fangfeng (Saposhnikovia Root) and adding Xiangru (Elsholtzia Herb) and Huoxiang (Patchouli Herb). If accompanied by retching, add Fuling (Poria) and Banxia (Pinellia Tuber); if accompanied by loose stools, add Houpo (Magnolia Bark) and Muxiang (Aucklandia Root). Conversely, Yangshangshu arises from long-distance travel or field labor under the scorching sun; this is a yang syndrome obtained through movement. The pulse is floating, surging, and forceful, or surging and rapid; symptoms include a greasy complexion, panting and cough, high fever, vexation, thirst with desire to drink, and steaming spontaneous sweating. This is caused by intense heat steaming the body, making both interior and exterior hot. It is appropriate to use Cool-Clearing and Summerheat-Scouring Method, removing BianDou (Faba Bean) and Tongcao (Tetrapanax Pith), and adding Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum) and Yangshen (American Ginseng). If accompanied by retching, add Zhuru (Bamboo Shavings) and Huanglian (Coptis Rhizome); if accompanied by loose stools, add Gegen (Kudzu Root) and Heye (Lotus Leaf). One must further examine whether the constitution is excess or deficiency to prescribe medication appropriately, ensuring no errors.
Zhang Jiebin stated: Yinshangshu syndrome may manifest in the exterior or the interior, and is mostly seen in wealthy and leisurely people, generally resulting from indulgence and lack of caution against wind and cold. Yangshangshu syndrome is mostly seen in those who endure hard labor, resulting from unavoidable exposure to summer heat. However, when summer heat presses upon people, they fear it and can avoid it; thus, few fall ill. When yin cold attacks, it feels pleasant and goes unnoticed; thus, many fall ill. Therefore, among those suffering from summer diseases, Yangshangshu is rarely seen, whereas Yinshangshu accounts for eight or nine out of ten. Nowadays, when treating summer diseases, physicians see only symptoms like fever and headache and immediately diagnose it as Zhongshu (Stroke of Summerheat), prescribing nothing but cold-cooling herbs. This demonstrates a profound lack of understanding.
Jiang Cheng stated: Mr. Zhang Jiebin’s assertion that Yinshangshu is more common than Yangshangshu is most accurate. Today, physicians treat summerheat without distinguishing between yin and yang; upon seeing fever, they indiscriminately administer cooling medicines. Such reckless practice causes significant harm to patients.