土寄于四季之末，四时皆有湿气，何独经谓“秋伤于湿”乎？盖一岁之六气者，风、君、相、湿、燥、
寒也。推四之气。大暑至白露，正值湿土司权，是故谓之“秋伤于湿”。鞠通先生列湿温于夏末秋初，诚有高
见。丰谓因湿为病者有六∶一曰伤湿，一曰中湿，一曰冒湿，一曰湿热，一曰寒湿，一曰湿温。盖伤
湿者，有表里之分焉∶在表由于居湿涉水，雨露沾衣，从外而受者也。在里由于喜饮茶酒，多食瓜果，从内
而生者也。中湿者，卒然昏倒，颇与中风相似。冒湿者，因冒早晨雾露，或冒云瘴山岚。湿热者，夏末秋初感
受为多，他时为少。寒湿者，先伤于湿，后伤生冷。湿温者，湿酿成温，温未化热，最难速愈，
非寒湿之证，辛散可化，湿热之证，清利可平之比也。此六者，皆湿邪之为病耳。喻嘉言先生又谓秋伤于燥，
发出秋燥之论。其说未尝有谬。据按六气而论，其实湿气在于秋分之前，燥气
在于秋分之后，理固然矣。姑附秋燥一条，以备参考。
伤湿之病，原有表里之因。盖伤乎表者，因于居湿涉水，雨露沾衣，其湿从外而受，束于躯壳，证见
头胀而痛，胸前作闷，舌苔白滑，口不作渴，身重而痛，发热体疲，小便清长，脉浮而缓，或濡而小者，此
言湿邪伤于表也。又有伤于里者，因于喜饮茶酒，多食瓜果，其湿从内而生，踞于脾脏，证见肌肉隐
黄，脘中不畅，舌苔黄腻，口渴不欲饮水，身体倦怠，微热汗少，小便短赤，脉沉而缓者，此言湿气伤于里
也。李时珍曰∶凡风药可以胜湿，利小便可以引湿，为治表里湿邪之则也。丰师其法，治表湿宜辛散太阳法减
去桂、豉，加之苍、朴，俾其在表之湿，从微汗而解也。治里湿宜通利州都法，俾其在里之湿，从小便而去
也。伤湿之证，务宜分表里而治之，斯为确当。
倪松亭云∶治湿之道非一，当细察而药之。如湿气在于皮肤者，宜用麻、桂、二术之属，以表其汗，譬
如阴晦非雨不晴也。亦有用羌、防、白芷之风药以胜湿者，譬如清风荐爽，湿气自消也，水湿积于肠胃，肚
腹肿胀者，宜用遂、戟、芫、牵之属以攻其下，譬如水满沟渠，非导之不去也。寒湿在于肌肉筋骨
之间，拘挛作痛，或麻痹不仁者，宜用姜、附、丁、桂之属以温其经，譬如太阳中天，则湿自干也，湿气在
于脏腑之内，肌肤之外，微而不甚者，宜用术、苍、朴、夏之属之健脾燥湿，譬如些微之湿，以灰土糁之，
则湿自燥也。湿气在于小肠膀胱，或肿或渴，或小水不通，宜用二苓、车、泻之属以渗利之，譬如水溢沟
浍，非疏通其窦不达也。学人能于斯理玩熟，则治湿之法，必中鹄矣。
丰按∶此论可为治湿之提纲，医者勿忽！
土气寄寓于四季之末，因此四个季节都有湿气，为什么唯独经典中说“秋伤于湿”呢？因为一年中的六气是风、君火、相火、湿、燥、寒。推算四之气（长夏），从大暑到白露这段时间，正值湿土当令，所以称之为“秋伤于湿”。鞠通先生将湿温病列在夏末秋初，确实有高明的见解。我认为因湿邪致病的情况有六种：一是伤湿，二是中湿，三是冒湿，四是湿热，五是寒湿，六是湿温。其中伤湿又有表证和里证的区别：在表的伤湿是由于居住潮湿、涉水、被雨露打湿衣服，湿气从外部侵入；在里的伤湿是由于喜欢喝茶饮酒、多吃瓜果，湿气从内部产生。中湿是指突然昏倒，症状与中风相似。冒湿是因为早晨冒雾露而行，或穿越云雾瘴气的山林。湿热多见于夏末秋初感受外邪，其他季节较少。寒湿是先受湿邪，后又损伤生冷食物。湿温则是湿气酝酿成温，温热尚未化为实热，最难迅速治愈，不像寒湿证可以用辛散法化解，也不像湿热证可以用清利法平息那样简单。这六种情况，都是湿邪致病。喻嘉言先生又提出“秋伤于燥”，发表了关于秋燥的论述。他的说法并没有错误。按照六气理论来分析，实际上湿气存在于秋分之前，燥气存在于秋分之后，道理确实是这样的。姑且附上秋燥一条，供参考。
伤湿的病，原本就有表里不同的病因。如果是伤于表，是因为居住潮湿、涉水、雨露沾衣，湿气从外部侵入，束缚在体表，症状表现为头胀而痛，胸前闷堵，舌苔白滑，口不渴，身体沉重疼痛，发热疲倦，小便清长，脉象浮而缓，或濡小而细，这是说湿邪伤于体表。又有伤于里的，是因为喜欢饮茶酒、多吃瓜果，湿气从内部产生，占据脾脏，症状表现为肌肉隐隐发黄，胃脘部不畅快，舌苔黄腻，口渴但不想喝水，身体倦怠，微热汗少，小便短赤，脉象沉而缓，这是说湿气伤于体内。李时珍说：凡是风药可以胜湿，利小便的方法可以引导湿气排出，这是治疗表里湿邪的原则。我遵循这一法则，治疗表湿适宜用辛散太阳法（此处指代一种基于解表原理的治法，原方可能涉及桂枝汤等加减，文中特指减去桂枝、豆豉，加入苍术、厚朴），使在表的湿气通过微微出汗而解除。治疗里湿适宜用通利州都法（州都指膀胱，意为通利小便），使在里的湿气从小便排出。伤湿的病症，务必区分表里来治疗，这才是确切得当的。
倪松亭说：治疗湿邪的方法不止一种，应当仔细诊察后用药。如果湿气在皮肤，适宜用麻黄、桂枝、白术、苍术之类的药物，以发汗解表，譬如阴天没有雨就不会放晴一样。也有使用羌活、防风、白芷等风药来胜湿的，譬如清风送爽，湿气自然消散。水湿积聚在肠胃，导致肚腹肿胀的，适宜用甘遂、京戟、芫花、牵牛子之类的药物攻下，譬如水满沟渠，不疏导它就不会流走。寒湿停留在肌肉筋骨之间，导致拘挛疼痛，或麻木不仁的，适宜用干姜、附子、丁香、肉桂之类的药物温经散寒，譬如太阳当空，湿气自然干燥。湿气在脏腑之内、肌肤之外，轻微且不严重的，适宜用白术、苍术、厚朴、半夏之类的药物健脾燥湿，譬如少量的湿气，用灰土吸附，湿气自然就干了。湿气在小肠膀胱，出现浮肿或口渴，或小便不通的，适宜用茯苓、猪苓、车前子、泻叶（或指大黄/泽泻类利水药）之类的药物渗湿利尿，譬如水溢出田间小沟，不疏通它的出口就无法到达。学者如果能熟玩这些道理，那么治疗湿邪的方法，就一定能射中靶心了。
我认为：这段论述可以作为治疗湿病的提纲，医生们不要忽视！
The Earth element is associated with the end of each season, so dampness exists in all four seasons. Why does the classic text specifically state "autumn injury by dampness"? The six Qi (vital energies) of a year are Wind, Ministerial Fire, Monarch Fire, Dampness, Dryness, and Cold. Calculating the Fourth Qi (Late Summer), from Great Heat to White Dew, corresponds to the period when Damp Earth holds authority; thus, it is called "autumn injury by dampness." Mr. Ju Tong placed Damp-Warmth at the end of summer and beginning of autumn, which is indeed a profound insight. I consider that diseases caused by dampness fall into six categories: one is Injury by Dampness, two is Stroke by Dampness, three is Envelopment by Dampness, four is Damp-Heat, five is Cold-Dampness, and six is Damp-Warmth. Among these, Injury by Dampness has exterior and interior distinctions: Exterior Injury by Dampness results from living in damp places, wading through water, or clothes getting wet from rain and dew, where dampness enters from the outside. Interior Injury by Dampness results from a preference for tea and alcohol, and excessive consumption of fruits and melons, where dampness arises from within. Stroke by Dampness refers to sudden collapse and loss of consciousness, resembling Stroke (Zhong Feng). Envelopment by Dampness occurs due to exposure to morning fog and dew, or traversing mountain mists and miasmas. Damp-Heat is mostly contracted at the end of summer and beginning of autumn, and less so in other seasons. Cold-Dampness occurs when one is first injured by dampness and subsequently harmed by raw or cold foods. Damp-Warmth is formed when dampness brews into warmth, but the warmth has not yet transformed into heat; it is the most difficult to cure quickly, unlike Cold-Dampness which can be resolved with acrid-dispersing methods, or Damp-Heat which can be settled with clearing and draining methods. These six types are all diseases caused by Dampness pathogenic factors. Mr. Yu Jiayan proposed "autumn injury by dryness" and published theories on Autumn Dryness. His theory is not erroneous. According to the analysis of the Six Qi, Dampness actually prevails before the Autumn Equinox, while Dryness prevails after the Autumn Equinox; this reasoning is sound. I will tentatively append a section on Autumn Dryness for reference.
Injury by Dampness originates from both exterior and interior causes. When injured on the exterior, it is due to living in dampness, wading in water, or clothes wetted by rain and dew; dampness enters from the outside and binds the body shell. Symptoms include head distension and pain, chest oppression, white and slippery tongue coating, absence of thirst, heavy and painful body, fever with fatigue, clear and profuse urination, and a floating and slow pulse, or a soggy and small pulse. This describes dampness injuring the exterior. When injured on the interior, it is due to a preference for tea and alcohol, and excessive eating of fruits and melons; dampness arises from within and occupies the Spleen organ. Symptoms include slightly yellowish muscles, epigastric discomfort, yellow and greasy tongue coating, thirst without desire to drink, bodily lassitude, slight fever with scanty sweating, short and red urine, and a deep and slow pulse. This describes dampness injuring the interior. Li Shizhen stated: "Wind herbs can overcome dampness, and promoting urination can guide dampness out; these are the principles for treating exterior and interior dampness pathogens." I follow this method: for treating exterior dampness, it is appropriate to use the Acrid-Dispersing Taiyang Method (modified by removing Guizhi Tang's Cinnamon Twig and Fermented Soybean, adding Atractylodis Rhizoma and Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex), allowing the exterior dampness to resolve through slight sweating. For treating interior dampness, it is appropriate to use the Method of Promoting Flow in the Zhou Du (Bladder), allowing interior dampness to exit via urination. In cases of Injury by Dampness, it is essential to distinguish between exterior and interior for treatment, which is the correct approach.
Ni Songting said: The ways to treat dampness are not singular; one must examine carefully and prescribe accordingly. If dampness is in the skin, herbs such as Ephedrae Herba, Cinnamomi Ramulus, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, and Atractylodis Rhizoma should be used to induce sweating, akin to how cloudy weather does not clear without rain. Some use wind herbs like Qianghuo, Saposhnikoviae Radix, and Angelicae Dahuricae Radix to overcome dampness, akin to how a refreshing breeze dissipates dampness. If water-dampness accumulates in the intestines and stomach causing abdominal swelling, herbs such as Kansui Radix, Kansui Root (Jingzhe), Genkwa Flos, and Pharbitidis Semen should be used to purge downwards, akin to how a full canal requires drainage to empty. If Cold-Dampness resides between muscles and bones causing spasms and pain, or numbness and insensitivity, herbs such as Zingiberis Rhizoma, Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, Eugeniae Flos, and Cinnamomi Cortex should be used to warm the meridians, akin to how the sun at its zenith dries dampness. If dampness is inside the zang-fu organs but outside the skin, being mild and not severe, herbs such as Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, Atractylodis Rhizoma, Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex, and Pinelliae Tuber should be used to strengthen the spleen and dry dampness, akin to how slight dampness is dried by ash and soil. If dampness is in the Small Intestine and Bladder causing edema, thirst, or urinary obstruction, herbs such as Poria, Polyporus, Plantaginis Seed, and Rhei Radix et Rhizoma (or similar draining herbs) should be used to seep and drain, akin to how overflowing irrigation ditches require疏通 (clearing) of outlets to flow properly. If practitioners can thoroughly master these principles, their methods for treating dampness will surely hit the target.
I note: This discussion serves as an outline for treating dampness; physicians must not neglect it!