（附论）
夫消渴饮水腹胀者。由水气流行在脾。脾得湿气。不能消谷。通过经络。痞涩气血。
则
水
饮
是
方
人参汤（一名木香汤又名桑白皮汤出圣惠方）治消渴饮水过多。心腹胀满。
不能食。
人参（一两去芦头） 桑根白皮（半两锉） 黄 （三分锉） 陈橘皮（一两汤浸去白
皮） 半
夏（
杷叶（以
上
服
人参汤（出圣济总录）治消渴饮水过多。心腹胀满。或胁肋间痛。腰腿沉重
。
人参 白芍药（各二两） 大腹子（两枚 灰火内煨切） 葛根（锉） 黄芩（去黑心）
知母
（
麸炒三分）
上
卧再
桂心汤散（出圣惠方）治消渴饮水。伤冷太过。致脾气虚。腹胁胀满。不思
饮食。
桂心 人参（去芦头） 白茯苓 诃黎勒皮 甘草（炙微赤锉） 枳壳（麸炒微黄去瓤）
前
胡（
散。每
服
赤茯苓汤（出圣惠方）治消渴饮水太过。胃气不和。不思饮食。宜服此。
赤茯苓 人参（去芦头） 赤芍药（以上各半两） 白术 槟榔 桂心 前胡（去芦头）
浓
朴（
上
为散
陈橘皮散（出圣惠方）治消渴饮水过多。心腹胀满。或胁肋间痛。腰腿沉重
。
陈橘皮（一两去白） 诃黎勒皮 赤茯苓 桂心 大腹皮（锉） 芎 枳壳（炒黄去
瓤）
赤
煎至
六分
半夏散（出圣惠方）治消渴。饮水腹胀。烦热呕吐。不思饮食。
半夏（半两汤洗七次去滑） 赤茯苓 人参（各一两去芦头） 白术（三分） 甘草（半
两炙
微赤
入生
姜半
槟榔汤（出圣惠方）治消渴饮水不止。小便复涩。心腹连膀胱胀闷。胸膈
烦热。
槟榔（锉） 桑根白皮（锉） 赤茯苓（去黑皮） 木通（锉） 紫苏茎叶 麦门冬（去
心焙各一
两）
服
赤茯苓丸（出圣济总录）治久患消渴。小便数。服止小便药多。渴犹不止。
小便复涩。两
赤茯苓（去黑皮） 桑根白皮（锉） 防风 麦门冬（去心焙各一两半） 郁李仁（汤
浸去皮
焙干
臼
内。
十丸
旋复花汤（出圣济总录）治消渴腹胁虚胀。心下满闷。
旋复花（净择去茎叶微炒） 桑根白皮（锉） 陈橘皮（汤浸去白微炒各一两半） 紫
苏（并
嫩茎
枣三
枚
五里
大黄丸（出圣惠方）治消渴腹胀。利大小肠。
川大黄（三两锉碎微炒） 栝蒌根 槟榔 枳壳（麸炒微黄去瓤各一两） 芎 （二分）
桂心
麦门冬汤 治消渴。喉干不可忍。饮水不止。腹满急胀。
麦门冬（去心焙） 乌梅（去复选肉炒各二两） 上 咀。每服三钱。水一盏。煎至半
盏。去
桂苓甘露散 治饮水不消。呕吐泻利。湿气流注。水肿腹胀。泄泻不能止者。宣通
气液。兼
桂心（去粗皮半两） 白茯苓 猪苓（并去皮） 白术 寒水石（别研细） 泽泻（各
一两）
甘草（
亦得。
一
（附论）
所谓消渴且饮水后出现腹胀的症状，是由于水气在脾脏运行失常。脾脏受到湿气困扰，无法消化谷物。病邪通过经络传导，导致气血阻滞不通。
人参汤（又名木香汤，又名为桑白皮汤，出自《圣惠方》），用于治疗因消渴而饮水过多，导致心腹部胀满，不能进食的情况。
药材组成：人参（一两，去除芦头）、桑根白皮（半两，锉碎）、黄芪（三分，锉碎）、陈橘皮（一两，用汤浸泡后去除白色内皮）、半夏（需配合枇杷叶使用，原文此处有缺漏，依常规补全语境为配伍使用）。
服用方法：上药捣筛为散，每次服用三钱，用水一盏，煎至六分，去渣温服，不拘时候。
人参汤（出自《圣济总录》），用于治疗消渴饮水过多，心腹胀满，或者胁肋间疼痛，腰腿沉重。
药材组成：人参、白芍药（各二两）、大腹子（两枚，在灰火中煨熟后切片）、葛根（锉碎）、黄芩（去除黑心部分）、知母（麸炒三分）。
服用方法：上药捣筛为散，每次服用三钱，用水一盏，煎至六分，去渣温服，不拘时候。
桂心汤散（出自《圣惠方》），用于治疗消渴饮水，因受寒太过，导致脾气虚弱，腹胁胀满，不想饮食。
药材组成：桂心、人参（去除芦头）、白茯苓、诃黎勒皮、甘草（炙至微红并锉碎）、枳壳（麸炒至微黄并去除瓤）、前胡（去除芦头）。
服用方法：上药捣筛为散，每次服用三钱，用水一盏，煎至六分，去渣温服，不拘时候。
赤茯苓汤（出自《圣惠方》），用于治疗消渴饮水太过，导致胃气不和，不想饮食，适宜服用此方。
药材组成：赤茯苓、人参（去除芦头）、赤芍药（以上各半两）、白术、槟榔、桂心、前胡（去除芦头）、浓朴（去皮姜汁炙）。
服用方法：上药捣筛为散，每次服用三钱，用水一盏，煎至六分，去渣温服，不拘时候。
陈橘皮散（出自《圣惠方》），用于治疗消渴饮水过多，心腹胀满，或者胁肋间疼痛，腰腿沉重。
药材组成：陈橘皮（一两，去除白色内皮）、诃黎勒皮、赤茯苓、桂心、大腹皮（锉碎）、川芎、枳壳（炒黄并去除瓤）。
服用方法：上药捣筛为散，每次服用三钱，用水一盏，煎至六分，去渣温服，不拘时候。
半夏散（出自《圣惠方》），用于治疗消渴，饮水后腹胀，烦热呕吐，不想饮食。
药材组成：半夏（半两，用汤洗七次以去除滑腻）、赤茯苓、人参（各一两，去除芦头）、白术（三分）、甘草（半两，炙至微红）。
服用方法：上药捣筛为散，每次服用三钱，用水一盏，加入生姜半片，煎至六分，去渣温服，不拘时候。
槟榔汤（出自《圣惠方》），用于治疗消渴饮水不止，小便再次涩滞，心腹连带膀胱胀闷，胸膈烦热。
药材组成：槟榔（锉碎）、桑根白皮（锉碎）、赤茯苓（去除黑皮）、木通（锉碎）、紫苏茎叶、麦门冬（去除心并焙干，各一两）。
服用方法：上药切碎，每次服用三钱，用水一盏，煎至六分，去渣温服，不拘时候。
赤茯苓丸（出自《圣济总录》），用于治疗长期患有消渴，小便频数，服用止小便的药物很多，但口渴仍然不止，小便再次涩滞，两脚浮肿。
药材组成：赤茯苓（去除黑皮）、桑根白皮（锉碎）、防风、麦门冬（去除心并焙干，各一两半）、郁李仁（用汤浸泡后去皮并焙干）。
服用方法：上药捣罗为细末，炼蜜和丸如梧桐子大，每次服用二十丸，温水送下，不拘时候。
旋复花汤（出自《圣济总录》），用于治疗消渴导致的腹胁虚胀，心下满闷。
药材组成：旋复花（净选去除茎叶并微炒）、桑根白皮（锉碎）、陈橘皮（用汤浸泡去除白色内皮并微炒，各一两半）、紫苏（并嫩茎叶）、大枣三枚。
服用方法：上药切碎，每次服用三钱，用水一盏，煎至六分，去渣温服，不拘时候。
大黄丸（出自《圣惠方》），用于治疗消渴腹胀，通利大小肠。
药材组成：川大黄（三两，锉碎并微炒）、栝蒌根、槟榔、枳壳（麸炒至微黄并去除瓤，各一两）、川芎（二分）、桂心。
服用方法：上药捣罗为细末，炼蜜和丸如梧桐子大，每次服用二十丸，温水送下，不拘时候。
麦门冬汤，用于治疗消渴，喉咙干燥难以忍受，饮水不止，腹部满急胀。
药材组成：麦门冬（去除心并焙干）、乌梅（去核取肉并炒，各二两）。
服用方法：上药切碎，每次服用三钱，用水一盏，煎至半盏，去渣温服，不拘时候。
桂苓甘露散，用于治疗饮水不消，呕吐腹泻，湿气流注体内，水肿腹胀，泄泻不能停止者。宣通气液，兼治暑湿。
药材组成：桂心（去除粗皮半两）、白茯苓、猪苓（并去除外皮）、白术、寒水石（单独研细）、泽泻（各一两）、甘草（炙，半两）。
服用方法：上药捣筛为散，每次服用二钱，用水一盏，煎至六分，去渣温服，不拘时候。
(Attached Discussion)
The condition of Xiao Ke (Wasting and Thirsting Syndrome) accompanied by abdominal distension after drinking water is caused by the abnormal circulation of Water Qi (Water Energy) in the Spleen. The Spleen, affected by Dampness (Pathogenic Moisture), fails to digest grains. The pathogen spreads through the meridians, causing stagnation and obstruction of Qi and Blood.
Renshen Tang (Ginseng Decoction), also known as Muxiang Tang (Aucklandia Decoction) or Sangbaipi Tang (Mulberry Root Bark Decoction), from *Shenghui Fang* (Prescriptions of Holy Wisdom), treats excessive thirst and water intake in Xiao Ke, resulting in fullness and distension in the heart and abdomen, and inability to eat.
Ingredients: Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, 1 liang, with rhizome removed), Sanggen Baipi (Mori Cortex, 0.5 liang, crushed), Huangqi (Astragali Radix, 3 fen, crushed), Chenjupi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, 1 liang, soaked in decoction, white pith removed), Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, processed with Pipaye).
Administration: The above ingredients are ground into powder. Take 3 qian per dose, boil in 1 sheng of water until reduced to 6 fen, remove dregs, and take warm. No specific time restriction.
Renshen Tang (Ginseng Decoction), from *Shengji Zonglu* (General Records of the Sage's Aid), treats excessive thirst and water intake in Xiao Ke, causing fullness and distension in the heart and abdomen, pain in the hypochondrium, or heaviness in the waist and legs.
Ingredients: Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Baishao (Paeoniae Radix Alba, each 2 liang), Dafuzi (Arecae Semen, 2 pieces, baked in ash fire and sliced), Gegen (Puerariae Radix, crushed), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix, black heart removed), Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, bran-fried, 3 fen).
Administration: The above ingredients are ground into powder. Take 3 qian per dose, boil in 1 sheng of water until reduced to 6 fen, remove dregs, and take warm. No specific time restriction.
Guixin Tang San (Cinnamon Twig Powder), from *Shenghui Fang*, treats Xiao Ke due to excessive cold injury from drinking water, leading to Spleen Qi deficiency, abdominal and hypochondriac distension, and loss of appetite.
Ingredients: Guixin (Cinnamomi Ramulus), Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, rhizome removed), Bai Fuling (Poria, dried mycelium), Helilepi (Terminalia Chebulae Pericarpium), Gancao (Licorice Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried to light red and crushed), Zhike (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, bran-fried to light yellow and pith removed), Qianhu (Peucedani Radix, rhizome removed).
Administration: The above ingredients are ground into powder. Take 3 qian per dose, boil in 1 sheng of water until reduced to 6 fen, remove dregs, and take warm. No specific time restriction.
Chifuling Tang (Red Poria Decoction), from *Shenghui Fang*, treats excessive water intake in Xiao Ke causing Stomach Qi disharmony and loss of appetite. This formula is suitable for such cases.
Ingredients: Chifuling (Poria with Red Hosta Root, though traditionally Poria is white, here specified as Red Poria), Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, rhizome removed), Chishaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Rubra, each 0.5 liang), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Binglang (Arecae Semen), Guixin (Cinnamomi Ramulus), Qianhu (Peucedani Radix, rhizome removed), Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex, peeled and ginger-juice fried).
Administration: The above ingredients are ground into powder. Take 3 qian per dose, boil in 1 sheng of water until reduced to 6 fen, remove dregs, and take warm. No specific time restriction.
Chenjupi San (Tangerine Peel Powder), from *Shenghui Fang*, treats excessive thirst and water intake in Xiao Ke, resulting in fullness and distension in the heart and abdomen, pain in the hypochondrium, or heaviness in the waist and legs.
Ingredients: Chenjupi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, 1 liang, white pith removed), Helilepi (Terminalia Chebulae Pericarpium), Chifuling (Poria with Red Hosta Root), Guixin (Cinnamomi Ramulus), Dafupi (Arecae Pericarpium, crushed), Xiong (Chuanxiong Rhizome), Zhike (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, stir-fried to yellow and pith removed).
Administration: The above ingredients are ground into powder. Take 3 qian per dose, boil in 1 sheng of water until reduced to 6 fen, remove dregs, and take warm. No specific time restriction.
Banxia San (Pinellia Powder), from *Shenghui Fang*, treats Xiao Ke with abdominal distension after drinking water, irritability, heat, vomiting, and loss of appetite.
Ingredients: Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, 0.5 liang, washed seven times in boiling water to remove acridity), Chifuling (Poria with Red Hosta Root), Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, each 1 liang, rhizome removed), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, 3 fen), Gancao (Licorice Radix et Rhizoma, 0.5 liang, honey-fried to light red).
Administration: The above ingredients are ground into powder. Take 3 qian per dose, boil in 1 sheng of water with half a slice of fresh Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) until reduced to 6 fen, remove dregs, and take warm. No specific time restriction.
Binglang Tang (Areca Nut Decoction), from *Shenghui Fang*, treats persistent thirst and water intake in Xiao Ke, recurrent urinary difficulty, distension and stuffiness in the heart, abdomen, and bladder, and irritability and heat in the chest and diaphragm.
Ingredients: Binglang (Arecae Semen, crushed), Sanggen Baipi (Mori Cortex, crushed), Chifuling (Poria with Red Hosta Root, black skin removed), Mutong (Akebiae Caulis, crushed), Zisu Jingye (Perillae Caulis et Folium), Maidong (Ophiopogonis Radix, core removed and baked, each 1 liang).
Administration: The above ingredients are cut. Take 3 qian per dose, boil in 1 sheng of water until reduced to 6 fen, remove dregs, and take warm. No specific time restriction.
Chifuling Wan (Red Poria Pill), from *Shengji Zonglu*, treats long-standing Xiao Ke with frequent urination. Despite taking many medicines to stop urination, thirst persists, urine becomes difficult again, and both legs become edematous.
Ingredients: Chifuling (Poria with Red Hosta Root, black skin removed), Sanggen Baipi (Mori Cortex, crushed), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), Maidong (Ophiopogonis Radix, core removed and baked, each 1.5 liang), Yuliren (Pruni Armeniacae Semen, soaked in water, skin removed, and baked).
Administration: The above ingredients are sifted into fine powder, mixed with refined honey, and made into pills the size of tung tree seeds. Take 20 pills per dose with warm water. No specific time restriction.
Xuanfuhua Tang (Inula Flower Decoction), from *Shengji Zonglu*, treats Xiao Ke with empty distension in the abdomen and hypochondrium, and fullness/stuffiness in the epigastrium.
Ingredients: Xuanfuhua (Inulae Flos, cleaned, stems and leaves removed, slightly stir-fried), Sanggen Baipi (Mori Cortex, crushed), Chenjupi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, soaked in water, white pith removed, slightly stir-fried, each 1.5 liang), Zisu (Perilla Leaf and tender stem), Dazao (Jujubae Fructus, 3 pieces).
Administration: The above ingredients are cut. Take 3 qian per dose, boil in 1 sheng of water until reduced to 6 fen, remove dregs, and take warm. No specific time restriction.
Dahuang Wan (Rhubarb Pill), from *Shenghui Fang*, treats Xiao Ke with abdominal distension, promoting bowel movements and urination.
Ingredients: Chuan Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, 3 liang, crushed and slightly stir-fried), Gualougen (Trichosanthis Radix), Binglang (Arecae Semen), Zhike (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, bran-fried to light yellow and pith removed, each 1 liang), Xiong (Chuanxiong Rhizome, 2 fen), Guixin (Cinnamomi Ramulus).
Administration: The above ingredients are sifted into fine powder, mixed with refined honey, and made into pills the size of tung tree seeds. Take 20 pills per dose with warm water. No specific time restriction.
Maidong Tang (Ophiopogon Decoction), treats Xiao Ke with unbearable dryness in the throat, incessant drinking, and abdominal fullness, urgency, and distension.
Ingredients: Maidong (Ophiopogonis Radix, core removed and baked), Wumei (Mume Fructus, flesh selected and stir-fried, each 2 liang).
Administration: The above ingredients are cut. Take 3 qian per dose, boil in 1 sheng of water until reduced to half a sheng, remove dregs, and take warm. No specific time restriction.
Guiling Ganlu San (Cinnamon, Poria, and Sweet Dew Powder), treats inability to digest water, vomiting, diarrhea, flow of Dampness into the tissues, edema, abdominal distension, and unceasing diarrhea. It promotes the circulation of Qi and fluids, and addresses summerheat-dampness.
Ingredients: Guixin (Cinnamomi Ramulus, coarse bark removed, 0.5 liang), Bai Fuling (Poria, dried mycelium), Zhuling (Polyporus, skin removed), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Hanshuishi (Calcitum, separately ground finely), Zexie (Alismatis Rhizoma, each 1 liang), Gancao (Licorice Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried, 0.5 liang).
Administration: The above ingredients are ground into powder. Take 2 qian per dose, boil in 1 sheng of water until reduced to 6 fen, remove dregs, and take warm.