烦者，扰扰而烦，躁者，烦剧而躁，合言之，则烦躁皆热也，分言之则烦在阳分，躁在
阴分，烦浅而躁深也。《难知集》曰∶火入于肺，烦也。火入于肾，躁也。痘疹烦躁，大非
所宜，若吐利厥逆，腹胀喘促，谵妄狂乱，昏不知人而烦躁者，谓之闷乱，乃不治之证。
一、痘疮以安静为贵，若忽然烦躁多哭，切须详审其故。如别无逆证而忽然若此，是必疮
痛而然，待脓成则痛止而烦亦止矣，不必治之。其或饮食寒热偶有所因而致然者，但当随
证调理之，则无不即安者。
一、痘疮烦躁兼喘者，火毒在肺也，宜人参白虎汤加栀子仁。
一、烦躁多惊者，火在心经也，宜导赤散加栀子、麦门冬，或七味安神丸。
一、痘毒未透，热伏于内而烦躁者，宜六味消毒饮，或兼万氏夺命丹。
一、热甚于内而烦渴热躁者，宜导赤散，或玄参地黄汤加木通、麦门冬，或万氏牛黄清心丸，
或四味消毒饮。
一、邪毒未解，热甚于表而烦躁者，宜柴胡麦门冬散，或羌活汤。
一、痘疮红紫干燥，壮热口渴，谵妄者，退火丹，或万氏牛黄清心丸，或用《良方》犀角地
黄汤。
一、阴虚假热，自利烦躁者，肝肾水亏也，轻则五阴煎，甚则九味异功煎，或陈氏十二味
异功散。
一、吐利不食而烦躁者，脾气虚也，轻则保元汤、温胃饮，甚则九味异功煎，或陈氏十二味
异功散。
一、疮密脓成，营血亏耗，心烦不得眠者，宜三阴煎加麦门冬。如有微火者，宜酸枣仁汤。
一、昼则烦躁，夜则安静。此阳邪盛于阳分也，宜人参白虎汤，或加栀子。如昼则安静，
夜则烦躁者，此阴中之阳虚也，宜三阴煎。如有火邪，亦可加栀子仁。
一、大便干结不通而烦躁腹胀者，四顺清凉饮、当归丸，甚则承气汤。若大便秘结，痘疮
陷伏而烦躁者，百祥丸或承气汤。
烦，表现为心神不安、躁动不宁；躁，表现为肢体躁扰、动作剧烈。合而言之，烦躁多由热邪引起；分而言之，烦属阳分病变，躁属阴分病变，且烦的病位较浅，躁的病位较深。《难知集》说：火邪侵入肺脏，则出现烦；火邪侵入肾脏，则出现躁。痘疹（天花或麻疹等出疹性疾病）患者出现烦躁，大多属于逆证，非常不宜。如果出现呕吐腹泻、四肢厥冷、腹部胀满、气喘急促、胡言乱语、狂乱无知、昏迷不醒而伴有烦躁的情况，称为“闷乱”，这是不治之证。
一、痘疮以安静为贵，如果突然烦躁并多哭，必须详细审查其原因。如果没有其他逆证而突然出现这种情况，一定是因为疮疡疼痛所致，等到脓液形成后，疼痛停止，烦躁也会随之停止，不需要治疗。如果是由于饮食寒热失调偶然导致这种情况的，只需根据证候进行调理，没有不能立即安定的。
一、痘疮烦躁兼有气喘的，是火毒在肺脏，适宜用人参白虎汤加栀子仁。
一、烦躁多惊悸的，是火邪在心经，适宜用导赤散加栀子、麦门冬，或者七味安神丸。
一、痘毒未能透发，热邪伏于体内而导致烦躁的，适宜用六味消毒饮，或者兼服万氏夺命丹。
一、内热严重而出现心烦口渴、身热躁动的，适宜用导赤散，或者玄参地黄汤加木通、麦门冬，或者万氏牛黄清心丸，或者四味消毒饮。
一、邪毒未解，热邪盛于体表而导致烦躁的，适宜用柴胡麦门冬散，或者羌活汤。
一、痘疮颜色红紫干燥，高热口渴，胡言乱语的，用退火丹，或者万氏牛黄清心丸，或者使用《良方》中的犀角地黄汤。
一、阴虚假热，自发性腹泻且烦躁的，是肝肾阴液亏损，轻症用五阴煎，重症用九味异功煎，或者陈氏十二味异功散。
一、呕吐腹泻、不能进食且烦躁的，是脾气虚弱，轻症用保元汤、温胃饮，重症用九味异功煎，或者陈氏十二味异功散。
一、疮疡密集、脓液已成，营血亏耗，心烦无法入睡的，适宜用三阴煎加麦门冬。如果有轻微火邪的，适宜用酸枣仁汤。
一、白天烦躁，夜间安静的，这是阳邪盛于阳分，适宜用人参白虎汤，或者加栀子。如果白天安静，夜间烦躁的，这是阴中之阳虚，适宜用三阴煎。如果有火邪，也可以加栀子仁。
一、大便干结不通且烦躁腹胀的，用四顺清凉饮、当归丸，重症用承气汤。如果大便秘结，痘疮陷伏不出且烦躁的，用百祥丸或承气汤。
Fan (restlessness) refers to mental agitation and unease; Zao (fidgetiness) refers to physical restlessness and vigorous movement. In general terms, Fan and Zao are both caused by Heat pathogens; in specific terms, Fan belongs to the Yang aspect, while Zao belongs to the Yin aspect, with Fan indicating a shallower pathology and Zao indicating a deeper pathology. The *Nan Zhi Ji* states: When Fire enters the Lung, it causes Fan; when Fire enters the Kidney, it causes Zao. Restlessness in patients with variola or measles is generally highly inadvisable. If accompanied by vomiting and diarrhea, cold extremities, abdominal distension, panting, delirium, mania, unconsciousness, and restlessness, it is termed "Men Luan" (stifling confusion), which is an untreatable condition.
1. For smallpox/variolae, tranquility is prized. If sudden restlessness and excessive crying occur, one must carefully investigate the cause. If there are no other adverse signs, this is likely due to pain from the lesions. Once pus forms, the pain will cease, and the restlessness will also stop; no treatment is necessary. If caused accidentally by dietary imbalances of cold or heat, simply regulate according to the syndrome, and recovery will be immediate.
2. Restlessness accompanied by panting in variolae indicates Fire-Toxin in the Lung. Ren Shen Bai Hu Tang (Ginseng White Tiger Decoction) with Gardeniae Semen (Zhi Zi Ren) is appropriate.
3. Restlessness accompanied by fright indicates Fire in the Heart Meridian. Dao Chi San (Ledger Powder) with Gardeniae Semen (Zhi Zi) and Ophiopogonis Radix (Mai Men Dong), or Qi Wei An Shen Wan (Seven-Ingredient Calming Spirit Pill), is appropriate.
4. When toxin fails to erupt and Heat lurks internally causing restlessness, Liu Wei Xiao Du Yin (Six-Ingredient Detoxification Decoction) or Wanshi Duo Ming Dan (Wan's Life-Snatching Pill) is appropriate.
5. Severe internal Heat causing mental vexation, thirst, and bodily heat with restlessness requires Dao Chi San (Ledger Powder), or Xuan Shen Di Huang Tang (Scrophulariae and Rehmanniae Decoction) with Akebia Caulis (Mu Tong) and Ophiopogonis Radix (Mai Men Dong), or Wanshi Niu Huang Qing Xin Wan (Wan's Buffalo-Horn Clearing Heart Pill), or Si Wei Xiao Du Yin (Four-Ingredient Detoxification Decoction).
6. When pathogenic toxins remain unresolved and Heat is abundant at the exterior causing restlessness, Chai Hu Mai Men Dong San (Bupleurum and Ophiopogon Powder) or Qiang Huo Tang (Notopterygii Rhizome Decoction) is appropriate.
7. For variolae that are red, purple, dry, with high fever, thirst, and delirium, Tui Huo Dan (Fire-Removing Pill), or Wanshi Niu Huang Qing Xin Wan (Wan's Buffalo-Horn Clearing Heart Pill), or Xi Jiao Di Huang Tang (Rhinoceros Horn and Rehmanniae Decoction) from *Liang Fang* is used.
8. False Heat due to Yin deficiency with spontaneous diarrhea and restlessness indicates deficiency of Liver and Kidney Water. For mild cases, Wu Yin Jian (Five-Yin Decoction); for severe cases, Jiu Wei Yi Gong Jian (Nine-Ingredient Extraordinary Function Decoction) or Chen Shi Shi Er Wei Yi Gong San (Chen's Twelve-Ingredient Extraordinary Function Powder) is appropriate.
9. Vomiting, diarrhea, inability to eat, and restlessness indicate Spleen Qi deficiency. For mild cases, Bao Yuan Tang (Protect Origin Decoction) or Wen Wei Yin (Warm Stomach Infusion); for severe cases, Jiu Wei Yi Gong Jian (Nine-Ingredient Extraordinary Function Decoction) or Chen Shi Shi Er Wei Yi Gong San (Chen's Twelve-Ingredient Extraordinary Function Powder) is appropriate.
10. When lesions are dense, pus has formed, Ying and Blood are depleted, causing mental vexation and insomnia, San Yin Jian (Three-Yin Decoction) with Ophiopogonis Radix (Mai Men Dong) is appropriate. If there is slight Fire, Suan Zao Ren Tang (Ziziphus Seed Decoction) is appropriate.
11. Restlessness during the day and tranquility at night indicates Yang Pathogens abundant in the Yang aspect. Ren Shen Bai Hu Tang (Ginseng White Tiger Decoction) or with added Gardeniae Semen (Zhi Zi) is appropriate. If tranquil during the day but restless at night, this indicates deficiency of Yang within the Yin. San Yin Jian (Three-Yin Decoction) is appropriate. If Fire Pathogens exist, Gardeniae Semen (Zhi Zi Ren) may also be added.
12. Dry, bound stools with restlessness and abdominal distension require Si Shun Qing Liang Yin (Four-Obediences Cooling and Clearing Infusion) or Dang Gui Wan (Angelica Pill); for severe cases, Cheng Qi Tang (Assist the Qi Decoction). If stool is severely constipated, lesions are sunken and hidden, and restlessness occurs, Baixiang Wan (Hundred-Auspicious Pill) or Cheng Qi Tang (Assist the Qi Decoction) is used.