《痈疽篇》∶黄帝曰∶血气已调，形气乃持。余已知血气之平与不平，未知痈疽之所从
生，成败之时，死生之期，有远近，何以度之，可得闻乎。岐伯曰∶经脉流行不止，与天同
度，与地合纪。故天宿失度，日月薄蚀；地经失纪，水道流溢，草 不成，五谷不殖；径路
不通，民不往来，巷聚邑居，则别离异处；血气犹然。请言其故∶夫血脉营卫，周流不休，
上应星宿，下应经数。寒邪客于经络之中则血泣，血泣则不通，不通则卫气归之，不得复反
，故痈肿。寒气化为热，热胜则腐肉，肉腐则为脓；脓不泻则烂筋，筋烂则伤骨，骨伤则髓
消，不当骨空，不得泄泻，血枯空虚，则筋骨肌肉不相荣，经脉败漏，熏于五脏，脏伤故死
矣。黄帝曰∶愿尽闻痈疽之形，与忌曰名。岐伯曰∶痈发于嗌中，名曰猛疽。猛疽不治，化
为脓，脓不泻，塞咽，半日死；其化为脓者，泻则合豕膏，冷食，三日而已。发于颈，名曰
夭疽。其痈大以赤黑，不急治，则热气下入渊腋，前伤任脉，内熏肝肺，熏肝肺，十余日而
死矣。阳气大发，消脑留项，名曰脑烁。其色不乐，项痛如刺以针，烦心者，死不治。发于
肩及 ，名曰疵痈。其状赤黑，急治之，此令人汗出至足，不害五脏。痈发四五日，逞
之。发于腋下赤坚者，名曰米疽，治之以砭石，欲细而长，疏砭之，涂以豕膏，六日已
，勿裹之。其痈坚而不溃者，为马刀挟缨，急治之。发于胸，名曰井疽。其状如大豆，三四
日起，不早治，下入腹，不治，七日死矣。发于膺，名曰甘疽。色青，其状如谷实 KT ，
常苦寒热，急治之，去其寒热，十岁死，死后出脓。发于胁，名曰败疵。败疵者，女子
之病也。灸之，其病大痈脓，治之，其中乃有生肉，大如赤小豆，锉FS 草根各一升
，以水一斗六升煮之，竭为取三升，则强饮浓衣，坐于釜上，令汗出至足已。发于股胫，名
曰股胫疽。其状不甚变，而痈脓搏骨，不急治，三十日死矣。发于尻，名曰锐疽。其状赤坚大
，急治之；不治，三十日死矣。发于股阴，名曰赤施。不急治，六十日死。在两股之内，不
治，十日而当死。发于膝，名曰疵痈。其状大痈，色不变，寒热，如坚石。勿石，石之者死
；须其柔，乃石之者，生。诸痈疽之发于节而相应者，不可治也。发于阳者，百日死。发于
阴者，三十日死。发于胫，名曰兔啮。其状赤至骨，急治之，不治害人也。发于内踝，名曰
走缓。其状痈也，色不变，数石其输，而止其寒热，不死。发于足上下，名曰四淫。其状大
痈，急治之，百日死。发于足傍，名曰厉痈。其状不大，初如小指。发，急治之，去其黑者
，不消，辄益；不治，百日死。发于足指，名脱痈。其状赤黑，死不治。不赤黑，不死，不
衰，急斩之，不则死矣。黄帝曰∶夫子言痈疽，何以别之。岐伯曰∶营卫稽留于经脉之中，
则血泣而不行，不行则卫气从之而不通，壅遏而不得行，故热。大热不止，热胜则肉腐，
腐则为脓。然不能陷，骨髓不为焦枯，五脏不为伤，故曰痈。黄帝曰∶何谓疽。岐伯曰∶
热气淳盛，下陷肌肤，筋髓枯，内连五脏，血气竭，当其痈下，筋骨良肉皆无余，故命曰疽
。疽者，上之皮夭以坚，上如牛领之皮。痈者，其皮上薄以泽，此其候也。
《玉版篇》∶黄帝曰∶病之生时有喜怒不测，饮食不节，阴气不足，阳气有余，营气不
行，乃发为痈疽。阴阳不通，两热相搏，乃化为脓，小针能取之乎。岐伯曰∶以小治小者，
其功小，以大治大者，多害，故其已成脓血者，其唯砭石铍锋之所取也。黄帝曰∶多害者其
不可全乎。岐伯曰∶其在逆顺焉。以为伤者，其白眼青，黑眼小，是一逆也。内药而呕者，
是二逆也。腹痛渴甚，是三逆也。肩项中不便，是四逆也。音嘶色脱，是五逆也。除此五者，为顺矣。
《寒热病篇》曰∶五脏，身有五部∶伏兔一，腓二，腓者 也，背三，五脏之 四，
项五。此五部有痈疽者死。凡刺之害，中而不去则精泄，不中而去则致气。精泄则病甚而 ，致气则生为痈疽也。
《生气通天论》曰∶高梁之变，足生大疔，受如持虚。汗出见湿，乃生痤痱。劳汗当风
，寒薄为 ，郁乃痤。营气不从，逆于肉理，乃生痈肿。陷脉为 ，留连肉腠，因而饱食
，筋脉横解，肠 为痔。
《阴阳别论》曰∶三阳为病，发寒热，下为痈肿。
《脉度篇》曰∶六腑不和，则留结为痈。
《异法方宜论》曰∶东方之域，其民食鱼而嗜咸，其病皆为痈疡。其治，宜砭石。故砭
石者，亦从东方来。
《气穴论》曰∶肉之大会为谷，肉之小会为溪。肉分之间，溪谷之会，以行荣卫，以会
大气。邪溢于壅，脉热肉败，荣卫不行，必将为脓，内消骨髓，外破大 。留于节凑，必将为败，积
寒留舍，荣卫不居，卷肉缩筋，肋肘不得伸，内为骨痹，外为不仁，命曰不足。大寒留于溪
谷也。
《刺节真邪篇》曰∶虚邪之中人也，洒淅动形，起毫毛而发腠理。其入深，内搏于骨，
则为骨痹；搏于筋，则为筋挛；搏于脉中，则为血闭；不通则为痈。虚邪之入于身也深，寒
与热相搏，久留而内着。寒胜其热，则骨疼肉枯。热胜其寒，则烂肉腐肌为脓，内伤骨，内
伤骨为骨蚀。有所疾前筋，筋屈而不得伸，邪气居其间而不反，发为筋溜。有所结，气归之，
卫气留之，不得反，津液久留，合而为肠溜。久者，数岁乃成，以手按之柔，已有所结，气
归之，津液留之，邪气中之，凝结日以易甚，连以聚居，为昔瘤。以手按之坚，有所结，深
中骨，气因于骨，骨与气并，日以益大，则为骨疽。有所结，中于肉，宗气归之，邪留而不
去，有热则化为脓，无热则为肉疽。凡此数气者，其发无常处，而有常名也。
《病能论》∶黄帝问曰∶人病胃脘痈者，诊当何如。岐伯对曰∶诊此者当候胃脉，其脉
当沉细，沉细者气逆，逆者人迎甚盛，甚盛则热。人迎者胃脉也。逆而盛，则热聚于胃口而
不行，故胃脘为痈也。帝曰∶有病颈痈者，或石治之，或针灸治之，而皆愈，其真安在。岐
伯曰∶此同名异等者也。夫痈气之息者，宜以针开除去之。夫气盛血聚者，宜石而泻之。此
所谓同病异治也。
《脉要精微论》帝曰∶诸痈肿筋挛骨痛，此皆安生。岐伯曰∶此寒气之肿，八风之变
也。帝曰∶治之奈何。岐伯曰∶此四时之病，以其胜治之愈也。
《厥论》曰∶少阳厥逆，机关不利。机关不利者，腰不可以行，项不可以顾，发肠痈，
不可治，惊者死。
《寒热篇》帝曰∶寒热瘰 在于颈腋者，皆何气使然。岐伯曰∶此皆鼠 寒热之毒瓦斯
也，留于脉而不去者也。鼠 之本，皆在于脏，其末上出于颈腋之间，其浮于脉中，而未内
着于肌肉，而外为脓血者，易去也。黄帝曰∶去之奈何。岐伯曰∶请从其本引其末，可使衰
去，而绝其寒热。宜按其道以予之，徐往徐来以去之。其小如麦者，一刺知，三刺而已。黄
帝曰∶决其死生奈何。岐伯曰∶反其目视之，其中有赤脉，上下贯瞳子，见一脉，一岁死；
见一脉半，一岁半死；见二脉，二岁死；见二脉半，二岁半死；见三脉，三岁死。见赤脉
不下贯瞳子，可治也。
《通评虚实论》曰∶所谓少针石者，非痈疽之谓也。痈疽不得顷时回。
《气交变大论》曰∶岁火太过，民病身热骨痛，而为浸淫。岁金太过，民病两胁下少腹
痛，目赤痛， 伤，耳无所闻。岁木不及，复则炎暑流火。湿性燥，病寒热疮疡痱疹痈痤。
岁金不及，复则寒雨暴至，民病口疮。岁水不及，民病寒疡流水。
《五常政大论》曰∶委和之纪，其病支废痈肿疮疡。卑监之纪，其动疡涌分溃痈肿。赫
曦之纪，其病笑疟疮疡。坚成之纪，其动暴折疡疰。少阳司天，火气下临，鼻窒疮疡。太阳
司天，寒气下临，甚则 肿，身后痈。少阴司天，热气下临，甚则疮疡。地有高下，气有
温凉。高者气寒，下者气热。故适寒凉者胀，之温热者疮。下之则胀已，汗之则疮已。
《痈疽篇》：黄帝说：气血已经调和，形体之气得以维持。我已经知道了气血的平和与不平和，但还不知道痈疽是从哪里产生的，其成败的时间、死生的期限有长有短，如何来衡量判断，可以讲给我听吗？岐伯说：经脉中的气血流行不止，与天体的运行度数相同，与大地的规律相合。所以天上的星宿失去正常的度数，就会发生日月亏蚀；大地的经路失去常规，水道就会泛滥，草木不能生长，五谷不能种植；道路不通，百姓不能往来，村落城邑分离分散，气血的运行也是这样。请让我说明其中的缘故：血脉和营卫之气，周流全身不停息，上应合星宿的运行，下应合大地的规律。寒邪侵入经络之中，血液就会凝涩，血液凝涩就不通畅，不通畅则卫气聚集于此，不能再返回去，所以形成痈肿。寒气转化为热，热盛则腐蚀肌肉，肌肉腐烂就化为脓；脓液如果不排出就会烂筋，筋烂伤及骨头，骨伤则骨髓消减，如果不在骨空之处，脓液不得排泄，血液枯竭空虚，筋骨肌肉失去滋养，经脉败坏渗漏，热气熏蒸五脏，五脏受伤所以死亡。
黄帝说：我希望详尽地听听痈疽的各种形态，以及禁忌的日子和名称。岐伯说：痈发于咽喉中间，名叫猛疽。猛疽如果不治疗，化脓后脓液不排出，堵塞咽喉，半天就会死亡；如果已经化脓，排出脓液并服用猪脂膏，冷服，三天就能痊愈。痈发于颈部，名叫夭疽。它的痈肿大且颜色红黑，如果不及时治疗，热气就会向下进入渊腋穴部位，向前损伤任脉，向内熏蒸肝肺，熏蒸肝肺，十多天后就会死亡。阳气大发，耗损脑髓留滞于项部，名叫脑烁。患者面色不乐，项痛如针刺，心烦意乱的，是死证，不可治。痈发于肩部及髆骨部位，名叫疵痈。它的形状红黑，要紧急治疗，这会导致人出汗直到脚底，但不伤害五脏。痈发四五天，就要用砭石刺破排脓。痈发于腋下且红而坚硬的，名叫米疽，用砭石治疗，砭石要细而长，稀疏地刺破，涂上猪脂膏，六天痊愈，不要包扎。那种坚硬而不溃破的痈，叫做马刀挟缨，要紧急治疗。痈发于胸部，名叫井疽。它的形状像大豆，三四天起病，不早治疗，就会向下进入腹部，不治疗七天就会死亡。痈发于胸前膺部，名叫甘疽。颜色青，形状像谷实，常常苦于寒热，要紧急治疗，去除寒热症状，（若延误）十年后死亡，死后出脓。痈发于胁部，名叫败疵。败疵是女子的病。用灸法治疗，会形成大的痈脓，治疗时，其中会有生肉，大小像赤小豆，锉碎茜草根各一升，用水一斗六升煮它，煮干后取三升药汁，让病人强饮，盖上厚衣服，坐在锅上，让汗出到脚底就好了。痈发于大腿和小腿，名叫股胫疽。它的形状变化不大，但痈脓紧贴骨头，不紧急治疗，三十天就会死亡。痈发于尾骶部，名叫锐疽。它的形状红黑坚硬大，要紧急治疗；不治疗，三十天就会死亡。痈发于大腿内侧，名叫赤施。不紧急治疗，六十天死亡。如果在两股之间，不治疗，十天就会死亡。痈发于膝盖，名叫疵痈。它的形状是大痈，颜色不变，伴有寒热，摸起来像坚硬的石头。不要用砭石刺，刺了会死亡；必须等它变柔软，然后用砭石刺，才能生存。各种痈疽发于关节且左右相应的，不可治疗。发于阳分的，一百天死亡；发于阴分的，三十天死亡。痈发于小腿，名叫兔啮。它的颜色红直到骨头，要紧急治疗，不治疗会害人。痈发于内踝，名叫走缓。它的形状是痈，颜色不变，多次用砭石刺其输穴，停止寒热，不会死亡。痈发于足上下方，名叫四淫。它的形状是大痈，要紧急治疗，一百天死亡。痈发于足旁侧，名叫厉痈。它的形状不大，初起像小指头。发作时，要紧急治疗，去掉黑色的部分，如果不消退，反而增加；不治疗，一百天死亡。痈发于足趾，名叫脱痈。它的形状红黑，是死证，不可治。如果不红黑，不死，如果不衰退，要紧急截肢，否则就会死亡。
黄帝说：先生讲痈疽，如何区分它们呢？岐伯说：营气滞留于经脉之中，血液凝涩不行，不行则卫气随之也不通，壅遏而不能运行，所以发热。大热不止，热盛则肌肉腐烂，腐烂就化为脓。然而不能深陷，骨髓不为焦枯，五脏不为受伤，所以叫作痈。黄帝说：什么叫做疽？岐伯说：热气淳厚盛大，向下陷入肌肤，筋髓干枯，内连五脏，血气耗尽，在痈疽之下，筋骨良肉都无剩余，所以命名为疽。疽的病，上部皮肤枯槁而坚硬，表面像牛颈部的皮。痈的病，上部皮肤薄而有光泽，这是它们的征候。
《玉版篇》：黄帝说：疾病产生时有喜怒无常，饮食不节制，阴气不足，阳气有余，营气不行，于是发为痈疽。阴阳不通，两热相搏结，于是化为脓，小针能治愈它吗？岐伯说：用小针治疗大病，功效小；用大针治疗大病，多有危害，所以对于已经成脓血的，只有用砭石或铍锋来取脓。黄帝说：多有危害，难道就不能完全治愈吗？岐伯说：这在于判断逆顺。认为伤者，如果白眼青、黑眼小，这是一逆。服药即呕吐，是二逆。腹痛口渴严重，是三逆。肩项活动不便，是四逆。声音嘶哑、面色脱失，是五逆。除了这五种情况，就是顺证。
《寒热病篇》说：五脏对应身体五个部位：伏兔是一，腓肠肌二是，腓也就是腨肠，背三是，五脏之俞四是，项五是。这五个部位如果有痈疽，就会死亡。凡是针刺的危害，中针而不去除邪气则精气泄漏，不中针而去针则导致邪气积聚。精气泄漏则病加重而虚弱，导致邪气积聚则生为痈疽。
《生气通天论》说：高粱厚味的变异，足以生出大疔，受邪如同持虚器接物一样容易。出汗见到湿气，就生痤痱。劳累出汗当风，寒气迫近成为疹，郁结就成为痤。营气不从，逆乱于肌肉纹理，就生痈肿。邪气陷入脉络成为瘘，留连于肌肉腠理，因而饱食，筋脉松弛，肠道湿热生为痔。
《脉度篇》说：六腑不和，就会留结为痈。
《异法方宜论》说：东方地域，百姓吃鱼而喜好咸味，他们的病都是痈疡。治疗适宜用砭石。所以砭石，也是从东方传来的。
《气穴论》说：肌肉的大聚会称为谷，肌肉的小聚会称为溪。肌肉分界之间，溪谷的交会处，用来运行荣卫，汇聚大气。邪气溢于壅滞，脉热肉败，荣卫不行，必将化为脓，内消骨髓，外破大络。留于节凑，必将败坏，积寒留舍，荣卫不居，卷缩肌肉筋脉，肋肘不能伸展，内为骨痹，外为麻木不仁，命曰不足。这是大寒留于溪谷的缘故。
《刺节真邪篇》说：虚邪侵入人体，洒淅恶寒，动摇形体，毫毛竖起，腠理开泄。如果深入，内搏于骨，则为骨痹；搏于筋，则为筋挛；搏于脉中，则为血闭；不通则为痈。虚邪侵入身体很深，寒与热相搏结，久留而内着。寒胜其热，则骨疼肉枯。热胜其寒，则烂肉腐肌为脓，内伤骨，内伤骨为骨蚀。如果前疾在筋，筋屈曲不得伸展，邪气居于其间而不返，发为筋溜。如果有结聚，气归向那里，卫气停留，不能返回，津液久留，合而为肠溜。久的，几年才形成，用手按之柔软。已有结聚，气归向那里，津液停留，邪气侵入，凝结日益严重，连缀聚居，为昔瘤。用手按之坚硬。如果有结聚，深中于骨，气因于骨，骨与气并，日益增大，则为骨疽。如果有结聚，中于肉，宗气归向那里，邪气停留不去，有热则化为脓，无热则为肉疽。凡此几种气，它们的发作没有固定位置，但有固定的名称。
《病能论》：黄帝问：人患胃脘痈，诊察应当怎样？岐伯回答说：诊察这种病应当候察胃脉，其脉应当沉细，沉细则气逆，气逆则人迎脉甚盛，甚盛则有热。人迎脉是胃脉。逆而盛，则热聚于胃口而不行，所以胃脘为痈。帝曰：有病颈痈的，有的用砭石治疗，有的用针灸治疗，都痊愈了，其真正的道理在哪里？岐伯说：这是同名而异等的病。如果是痈气舒缓的，适宜用针开除去之。如果是气盛血聚的，适宜用砭石泻之。这就是所说的同病异治。
《脉要精微论》帝曰：各种痈肿、筋挛、骨痛，这些是怎么产生的？岐伯说：这是寒气之肿，八风之变所致。帝曰：怎么治疗？岐伯说：这是四时的病，用相克的方法治疗就能痊愈。
《厥论》说：少阳厥逆，机关不利。机关不利的，腰不能行走，项不能回顾，发为肠痈，不可治，惊者死。
《寒热篇》帝曰：寒热瘰疬位于颈腋部的，是什么气使然？岐伯说：这都是鼠瘰寒热毒瓦斯，留于脉而不去的病。鼠瘰的根本，都在内脏，其末梢向上出于颈腋之间，其浮于脉中，而未内着于肌肉，而外为脓血的，容易去除。黄帝说：如何去除？岐伯说：请从其本引其末，可使衰去，而绝其寒热。适宜按其道给予治疗，徐往徐来以去之。小的如麦粒，刺一次见效，三次刺好。黄帝说：如何决断死生？岐伯说：反视其目，其中有赤脉，上下贯穿瞳子，见一脉，一岁死；见一脉半，一岁半死；见二脉，二岁死；见二脉半，二岁半死；见三脉，三岁死。见赤脉不下贯瞳子的，可治。
《通评虚实论》说：所谓少用针石的，不是指痈疽而言。痈疽不得片刻延缓。
《气交变大论》说：岁火太过，百姓病身热骨痛，而为浸淫疮。岁金太过，百姓病两胁下少腹痛，目赤痛，肺伤，耳无所闻。岁木不及，复气则为炎暑流火。湿性燥，病寒热疮疡痱疹痈痤。岁金不及，复气则为寒雨暴至，百姓病口疮。岁水不及，百姓病寒疡流水。
《五常政大论》说：委和之纪，其病四肢废瘫痈肿疮疡。卑监之纪，其动疡涌分溃痈肿。赫曦之纪，其病笑疟疮疡。坚成之纪，其动暴折疡疰。少阳司天，火气下临，鼻窒疮疡。太阳司天，寒气下临，甚则胕肿，身后痈。少阴司天，热气下临，甚则疮疡。地有高下，气有温凉。高者气寒，下者气热。所以适寒凉者胀，之温热者疮。下之则胀已，汗之则疮已。
Chapter on Carbuncles and Ulcers (Yong Ju Pian): The Yellow Emperor said: When the blood and qi are already harmonized, the form and qi are maintained. I already know the balance and imbalance of blood and qi, but I do not yet know from where carbuncles and ulcers arise, their timing of success or failure, and the duration of life or death. How can they be measured? May I hear about it? Qibo said: The flow of meridians never ceases, corresponding to the degrees of heaven, and conforming to the laws of earth. Thus, if the celestial bodies lose their proper degrees, solar and lunar eclipses occur; if the earthly paths lose their regularity, water channels overflow, grass and trees fail to grow, and the five grains fail to multiply; if roads are blocked, people cannot travel, and villages and cities become separated and dispersed. The movement of blood and qi is similar. Let me explain the reason: Blood vessels, Ying (Nutrient) Qi, and Wei (Defensive) Qi circulate ceaselessly, responding above to the stars and below to the earthly measures. When cold pathogens lodge in the meridians, blood becomes stagnant. When blood stagnates, it does not flow freely. When it does not flow, Wei Qi gathers there and cannot return, thus forming a carbuncle or swelling. Cold qi transforms into heat. When heat prevails, flesh rots; when flesh rots, pus forms. If pus is not drained, tendons rot; when tendons rot, bones are damaged; when bones are damaged, marrow diminishes. If not at bone openings, pus cannot drain, blood becomes depleted and empty, tendons, bones, muscles, and flesh lose mutual nourishment, meridians deteriorate and leak, heat steams the five Zang organs, damage to the Zang organs leads to death.
The Yellow Emperor said: I wish to hear fully about the manifestations of carbuncles and ulcers, as well as the names of taboo days. Qibo said: A carbuncle arising in the throat is called Meng Ju (Fierce Carbuncle). If Meng Ju is not treated, it turns to pus. If pus is not drained, it blocks the throat, leading to death within half a day. For those who have turned to pus, draining it and applying pig fat ointment, taken cold, results in recovery in three days. A carbuncle arising in the neck is called Yao Ju (Premature Death Carbuncle). Its swelling is large with red-black color. If not treated urgently, heat qi descends into the Yuan Ye area, damages the Ren Mai anteriorly, and steams the Liver and Lungs internally. Steaming the Liver and Lungs leads to death in ten-plus days. Excessive expansion of Yang Qi, consuming brain marrow and remaining in the nape, is called Nao Shuo (Brain Melting). With a displeased expression, neck pain like needle pricking, and vexation, it is a fatal condition unamenable to treatment. A carbuncle arising in the shoulder and scapula region is called Ci Yong. Its appearance is red-black. It requires urgent treatment; this causes sweating down to the feet but does not harm the five Zang organs. For carbuncles arising for four or five days, they should be pierced with bi stone. A carbuncle arising in the axilla that is red and hard is called Mi Ju (Rice Carbuncle). It is treated with bi stones, which should be fine and long, pricked sparsely, coated with pig fat ointment, resulting in recovery in six days, without bandaging. Those carbuncles that are hard and do not ulcerate are called Ma Dao Jia Ying (Horse Knife with Pendant), requiring urgent treatment. A carbuncle arising in the chest is called Jing Ju (Well Carbuncle). Its shape resembles a soybean. It arises in three to four days. If not treated early, it descends into the abdomen; if untreated, death occurs in seven days. A carbuncle arising in the precordium is called Gan Ju (Sweet Carbuncle). It is green in color, shaped like a grain fruit, often suffering from chills and fever. Urgent treatment is required to remove chills and fever; otherwise, death occurs after ten years, with pus discharge post-mortem. A carbuncle arising in the hypochondrium is called Bai Ci. Bai Ci is a disease specific to women. Moxibustion treatment causes a large abscess with pus. Treatment reveals living flesh inside, sized like a adzuki bean. One part each of chopped Qian Cao Gen (Radix Rubiae) is boiled in 16 sheng of water until reduced to 3 sheng. The patient drinks it strongly, wears thick clothes, sits over a pot to induce sweating down to the feet, resulting in recovery. A carbuncle arising in the thigh and calf is called Gu Ting Ju. Its appearance changes little, but the abscess presses against the bone. If not treated urgently, death occurs in thirty days. A carbuncle arising in the sacrum is called Rui Ju. It is red, hard, and large. Urgent treatment is required; otherwise, death occurs in thirty days. A carbuncle arising in the inner thigh is called Chi Shi. If not treated urgently, death occurs in sixty days. If between both thighs, untreated, death occurs in ten days. A carbuncle arising in the knee is called Ci Yong. It is a large carbuncle with unchanged color, accompanied by chills and fever, feeling like hard stone. Do not pierce with bi stone; piercing leads to death. Wait until it softens, then pierce to survive. Carbuncles and ulcers arising at joints bilaterally are incurable. Those arising in Yang meridians lead to death in one hundred days; those in Yin meridians lead to death in thirty days. A carbuncle arising in the lower leg is called Tu Nie (Rabbit Bite). It is red down to the bone. Urgent treatment is required; otherwise, it harms the person. A carbuncle arising in the medial malleolus is called Zou Huan. It appears as a carbuncle with unchanged color. Frequent bi stone therapy at its Shu points stops chills and fever, ensuring survival. A carbuncle arising above and below the foot is called Si Yin. It is a large carbuncle requiring urgent treatment; death occurs in one hundred days. A carbuncle arising on the side of the foot is called Li Yong. It is not large, initially like a small finger. Upon onset, urgent treatment is required to remove blackened tissue; if it does not subside and increases, untreated death occurs in one hundred days. A carbuncle arising in the toe is called Tuo Yong. It is red-black, a fatal condition unamenable to treatment. If not red-black, it is not fatal. If it does not recede, urgent amputation is required; otherwise, death ensues.
The Yellow Emperor asked: Master, regarding carbuncles and ulcers, how are they distinguished? Qibo replied: When Ying Qi stagnates in the meridians, blood stagnates and does not flow. When blood does not flow, Wei Qi follows but cannot pass, becoming obstructed and unable to move, thus generating heat. Persistent high heat causes flesh to rot and turn to pus. However, it does not sink deeply; the bone marrow is not scorched, and the five Zang organs are not injured. Hence, it is called a Carbuncle (Yong). The Yellow Emperor asked: What is a Ju? Qibo replied: When heat qi is pure and abundant, sinking into the skin and muscles, drying up tendons and marrow, connecting internally to the five Zang organs, exhausting blood and qi, beneath the lesion, tendons, bones, and healthy flesh are entirely destroyed. Hence, it is named Ju. On Ju, the upper skin is withered and hard, resembling the skin of an ox's neck. On Yong, the upper skin is thin and lustrous. These are their signs.
Chapter on Jade Tablet (Yu Ban Pian): The Yellow Emperor said: Diseases arise from unpredictable emotions, irregular diet, deficiency of Yin Qi, excess of Yang Qi, and stagnation of Ying Qi, leading to carbuncles and ulcers. When Yin and Yang are blocked, two heats clash and transform into pus. Can small needles treat this? Qibo said: Treating a major condition with small needles yields little effect; treating a major condition with large needles causes much harm. Therefore, for cases where pus and blood have formed, only bi stones or Pi Feng (scalpels) can extract them. The Yellow Emperor asked: If there is much harm, can it not be completely cured? Qibo said: It depends on whether the pattern is Ni (Rebellious/Adverse) or Shun (Smooth/Favorable). If the eyes show blue whites and small pupils, this is the first Ni. Vomiting after taking medicine is the second Ni. Abdominal pain with severe thirst is the third Ni. Inconvenience in shoulders and neck is the fourth Ni. Hoarse voice and loss of complexion is the fifth Ni. Excluding these five, it is Shun.
Chapter on Cold and Heat Diseases (Han Re Bing Pian): The five Zang organs correspond to five body regions: Futu (Stomach Channel point ST32) is one, the calf (Fei) is two, the back is three, the Shu points of the five Zang organs are four, and the neck is five. Carbuncles and ulcers in these five regions indicate death. The harm of acupuncture: if needling hits the target but pathogenic factors are not expelled, essence leaks; if needling misses the target and the needle is withdrawn, pathogenic qi accumulates. Essence leakage worsens the disease and causes weakness; accumulation of pathogenic qi generates carbuncles and ulcers.
Chapter on Discussion of Vital Energy and Heavenly Connection (Sheng Qi Tong Tian Lun): Changes from rich food and alcohol can generate large Ding (boils), receiving pathogens as easily as holding an empty vessel. Sweating while exposed to dampness generates Acne and Prickly Heat. Labor sweat exposed to wind, with cold pressing upon it, causes rash; depression leads to acne. Ying Qi failing to follow normal pathways, reversing in muscle textures, generates carbuncles and swellings. Pathogens sinking into vessels cause fistulas, lingering in muscle layers; following full meals, tendons and vessels relax, intestinal damp-heat generates hemorrhoids.
Chapter on Discussion of Yin and Yang Differences (Yin Yang Bie Lun): Disease of the Three Yang meridians presents with chills and fever, and carbuncles/swellings in the lower body.
Chapter on Meridian Lengths (Mai Du Pian): Disharmony of the Six Fu organs leads to stagnation and knotting, forming carbuncles.
Chapter on Diverse Methods and Suitable Areas (Yi Fa Fang Yi Lun): In the Eastern region, people eat fish and prefer salty flavors; their diseases are all carbuncles and sores. Treatment suits bi stones. Thus, bi stones originated from the East.
Chapter on Qi Acupoints (Qi Xue Lun): Large gatherings of muscle are called Gu (Valleys); small gatherings are called Xi (Streams). Between muscle divisions, at the convergence of Xi and Gu, Ying and Wei Qi circulate, and Great Qi converges. Pathogenic overflow causes stagnation, vessel heat and tissue decay, Ying and Wei Qi stagnation, inevitably forming pus, internally consuming bone marrow, externally rupturing large collaterals. Lingering at joint crevices leads to deterioration; accumulated cold lodges, Ying and Wei Qi fail to reside, muscles and tendons curl and shrink, ribs and elbows cannot extend, internally causing Bone Bi, externally causing numbness. This is termed Deficiency. It is caused by great cold lodging in Xi and Gu.
Chapter on True Pathogens and Acupuncture Joint (Ci Jie Zhen Xie Pian): When Empty Pathogens invade, the body shivers and trembles, lanugo rises, and Cou Li open. If invading deeply, clashing with bone, it causes Bone Bi; clashing with tendons, tendon spasms; clashing within vessels, blood closure; blockage causes carbuncles. Empty Pathogens enter deeply; cold and heat clash, lingering internally. If cold prevails, bone pain and muscle wasting occur. If heat prevails, flesh rots and muscles decay into pus, internally damaging bone, causing Bone Erosion. Prior tendon disease with屈曲 (flexion) inability, where pathogenic qi resides and does not retreat, develops into Jin Liu (Tendon Slurry). Where Qi gathers, Wei Qi stays, unable to return; fluids linger, combining to form Chang Liu (Intestinal Slurry). Long-standing, forming over years, soft to touch. Where Qi gathers, fluids linger, pathogenic qi invades, condensation increases daily, clustering to form Xi Liu (Old Slurry), hard to touch. Where Qi gathers, deep in bone, Qi combines with bone, enlarging daily, forming Gu Ju (Bone Carbuncle). Where Qi gathers, in flesh, Zong Qi gathers, pathogenic qi stays, heat transforms to pus, no heat forms Rou Ju (Flesh Carbuncle). These various Qi have no fixed location but have fixed names.
Chapter on Disease Capabilities (Bing Neng Lun): The Yellow Emperor asked: Regarding stomach carbuncles, how should diagnosis proceed? Qibo answered: Diagnose by observing the Stomach pulse. It should be deep and fine. Deep and fine indicates Qi rebellion. Rebellion causes the Ren Ying pulse to be very vigorous, indicating heat. Ren Ying is the Stomach pulse. Rebellious and vigorous means heat gathers at the stomach opening without flowing, causing stomach carbuncle. The Emperor asked: Neck carbuncles are sometimes treated with bi stone, sometimes with acupuncture, both curing. What is the truth? Qibo said: Same name, different categories. For relaxed carbuncle Qi, acupuncture is suitable to open and remove. For excessive Qi and blood accumulation, bi stone drainage is suitable. This is "Same Disease, Different Treatment."
Chapter on Essential subtleties of Pulse Investigation (Mai Yao Jing Wei Lun): The Emperor asked: All carbuncles, swellings, tendon spasms, and bone pain, how do they arise? Qibo said: These are swellings of cold Qi and variations of Eight Winds. The Emperor asked: How to treat? Qibo said: These are seasonal diseases; treat using the controlling cycle for cure.
Chapter on Jue Syndrome (Jue Lun): Shaoyang Jue Ni (Rebellious Counterflow) causes joint dysfunction. Dysfunction means inability to walk or look back. Developing intestinal carbuncle is incurable; shock leads to death.
Chapter on Cold and Heat (Han Re Pian): The Emperor asked: Cold-heat Lu Li (scrofula) in neck and axilla, what Qi causes this? Qibo said: These are toxins of Shu Lu (mouse scrofula) cold-heat, lingering in vessels. The root lies in the Zang organs, the branch emerges in neck and axilla. Floating in vessels, not lodged in muscle, externalizing as pus and blood, is easy to remove. The Emperor asked: How to remove? Qibo said: Guide from root to branch to decline and eliminate cold-heat. Follow the pathway to treat, slow entry and exit to remove. Small as wheat grain, one puncture shows effect, three punctures cure. The Emperor asked: How to determine life and death? Qibo said: Observe the eyes. Red vessels crossing the pupil vertically: one vessel, death in one year; one and a half, death in one and a half years; two vessels, death in two years; two and a half, death in two and a half years; three vessels, death in three years. Red vessels not crossing the pupil are treatable.
Chapter on Comprehensive Evaluation of Deficiency and Excess (Tong Ping Xu Shi Lun): "Using few needles and stones" does not refer to carbuncles and ulcers. Carbuncles and ulcers cannot wait a moment.
Chapter on Great Theory of Qi Intersection and Change (Qi Jiao Bian Da Lun): Excessive Fire year, people suffer body heat and bone pain, developing spreading sores. Excessive Metal year, people suffer lower abdominal and hypochondriac pain, red painful eyes, Lung injury, deafness. Insufficient Wood year, rebound is hot summer fire. Dampness turns dry, causing chills, fever, sores, prickly heat, carbuncles, acne. Insufficient Metal year, rebound is sudden cold rain, people suffer mouth ulcers. Insufficient Water year, people suffer cold sores with fluid discharge.
Chapter on Great Theory of Five Constants and Administration (Wu Chang Zheng Da Lun): Wei He era, disease includes limb paralysis, carbuncles, sores. Bei Jian era, movement includes sores, swelling, rupture, carbuncles. He Xi era, disease includes laughing malaria, sores. Jian Cheng era, movement includes violent fracture, sores, epidemics. Shaoyang ruling Heaven, Fire Qi descends, nasal obstruction, sores. Taiyang ruling Heaven, Cold Qi descends, severe edema, posterior carbuncles. Shaoyin ruling Heaven, Heat Qi descends, severe sores. Earth has heights and depths, Qi has warmth and coolness. High places are cold, low places are hot. Thus, going to cold/damp causes distension, going to warm/hot causes sores. Purging cures distension, sweating cures sores.