妊娠胎气伤动者,凡跌扑、怒气、虚弱、劳倦、药食误犯、房室不慎,皆能致之。若因
母病而胎动,但治其母;若因胎动而母病,但安其胎。轻者转动不安,或微见血,察其不甚
,速宜安之,用前安胎及卒然下血等法。若腹痛血多,腰酸下坠,势有难留者,无如决
津煎、五物煎,助其血而落之,最为妥当。若其势甚而舌青面赤,胀满呕恶,或冷气上逼者
,儿已死矣。若面青吐沫舌赤,是母死也。若面舌唇吻俱青,口中沫出,是母子俱死也。若
胎已死,当速去其胎以救其母。气血虚者,惟用决津煎最妙。如不应而胀痛上逼,热不容缓
者,急用平胃散一两,酒水各半煎,投朴硝五钱,热服之;或用朴硝一两,以童便调服,则
逐而下矣。下后随证调补之。如无胀急,则但用决津煎加朴硝,则死胎自下。
一、凡气血衰弱,无以滋养其胎,或母有弱病,度其终不能成者,莫若下之,以免他患
,宜桂心散,或用下胎短剧方。
夫胎以阳生阴长,气行血随,营卫调和,则及期而产。若或滋养之机少有间断,则源流
不继而胎不固矣。譬之种植者,津液一有不到,则枝枯而果落,藤萎而花坠。《故五常政大
论》曰∶根于中者,命曰神机,神去则机息。根于外者,命曰气立,气止则化绝。正此谓也
。凡妊娠之数见堕胎者,必以气脉亏损而然。而亏损之由,有禀质之素弱者,有年力之衰残
者,有忧怒劳苦而困其精力者,有色欲不慎而盗损其生气者。此外如跌扑、饮食之类,皆能
伤其气脉,气脉有伤而胎可无恙者,非先天之最完固者不能,而常人则未之有也。且胎怀十
月,经养各有所主,所以屡见小产堕胎者,多在三个月及五月七月之间,而下次之堕必如期
复然。正以先次伤此一经,而再值此经,则遇阙不能过矣。况妇人肾以系胞,而腰为肾之府
,故胎妊之妇最虑腰痛,痛甚则坠,不可不防。故凡畏堕胎者,必当察此所伤之由,而切为
戒慎。凡治堕胎者,必当察此养胎之源,而预培其损,保胎之法无出于此。若待临期,恐无
及也。凡胎孕不固,无非气血损伤之病。盖气虚则提摄不固,血虚则灌溉不周,所以多致小
产。故善保胎者,必当专顾血虚,宜以胎元饮为主而加减用之,其次则芍药芎归汤,再次则
泰山磐石散,或《千金》保孕丸,皆有夺造化之功,所当酌用者也。又凡胎热者血易动,血
动者胎不安,故堕于内热而虚者亦常有之。若脾气虚而血热者,宜四圣散;肝肾虚而血热者
,宜凉胎饮;肝脾虚而血热者,宜固胎煎。又立斋法∶治血虚血热,数堕胎者,于调补之外
,时值初夏,教以浓煎白术汤下黄芩末二钱,与数十帖,得保而生,亦可法也。此外,凡有
他证而胎不安者,当于安胎条中酌而治之。
妊娠期间胎气受损动摇,凡是跌倒撞击、愤怒情绪、体质虚弱、过度劳累、误服药物或食物、房事不慎等原因,都能导致这种情况。如果是因为母亲患病而导致胎动,只需治疗母亲的疾病;如果是因为胎动不安导致母亲生病,只需安固胎儿。症状较轻者表现为胎动不安,或者少量出血,观察病情不严重,应当迅速采取安胎措施,使用前面提到的安胎及突然下血等治疗方法。如果出现腹痛且出血较多,腰酸并有下坠感,胎儿难以保住的迹象明显,没有比决津煎、五物煎更好的选择,通过助血作用促使流产,最为妥当。如果病情严重,出现舌青面赤、腹胀满、呕吐恶心,或者有冷气上逼的症状,说明胎儿已经死亡。如果面色发青、吐白沫、舌头红赤,说明母亲已经死亡。如果面色、舌色、嘴唇和嘴角都发青,口中流出泡沫,说明母子双亡。如果胎儿已经死亡,应当迅速去除死胎以挽救母亲的生命。气血虚弱者,只用决津煎效果最好。如果服药后无效且胀痛上逼,热象不容延缓的,紧急使用平胃散一两,酒水各半煎煮,加入朴硝五钱,热服;或者使用朴硝一两,用童子尿调服,则死胎可排出。排出后根据证候进行调补。如果没有胀急症状,则只使用决津煎加朴硝,死胎自然排出。
一、凡是气血衰弱,无法滋养胎儿,或者母亲有轻微疾病,推测胎儿最终不能成活的,不如采用下胎法,以免产生其他祸患,适宜使用桂心散,或者使用下胎短剧方。
胎儿依靠阳气生长、阴血长养,气行则血随,营卫调和,就能到预产期分娩。如果滋养的机制稍有间断,那么源头和支流就不能接续,胎儿就不稳固了。这就好比种植植物,津液一旦不到达,树枝就会枯干果实脱落,藤蔓萎软花朵坠落。《黄帝内经·素问·五常政大论》说:根源于内部的,叫做神机,神气离去机能就停止。根源于外部的,叫做气立,气机停止化生就断绝。正是这个意思。凡是怀孕期间多次发生堕胎的,必定是由于气脉亏损所致。而亏损的原因,有先天体质素来虚弱的,有年龄体力衰退残损的,有因忧愁愤怒劳累辛苦而困乏精力的,有因房事不慎而暗中损耗生气的。此外如跌打损伤、饮食不当等,都能伤害气脉,气脉受伤而胎儿还能安然无恙的,除非先天禀赋最完固的人才能做到,普通人是没有这种情况的。况且怀孕十个月,经络养护各有侧重,所以屡次出现小产堕胎的,多发生在三个月、五个月、七个月之间,而下一次堕胎必然如期再次发生。正是因为前次损伤了某一经络,再次遇到该经当令之时,就会因为遇缺而不能通过。何况妇人肾脏系连胞宫,腰部是肾脏的外府,所以怀孕妇女最担心腰痛,痛得厉害就会导致堕胎,不可不预防。所以凡是害怕堕胎的,必须考察这种损伤的原因,切实地谨慎戒惧。凡是治疗堕胎的,必须考察养胎的源头,预先培补其亏损,保胎的方法没有超出这个范围的。如果等到临产时,恐怕就来不及了。凡是胎孕不稳固,无非是气血损伤的疾病。气虚则提摄不固,血虚则灌溉不周,所以多导致小产。所以善于保胎的人,必须专门顾护血虚,适宜以胎元饮为主方加减使用,其次是芍药芎归汤,再次是泰山磐石散,或者《千金方》中的保孕丸,都有夺造化的功效,应当酌情使用。另外凡是胎热的,血容易妄动,血妄动则胎不安稳,所以因内热兼虚而堕胎的情况也常有发生。如果是脾气虚而血热,适宜用四圣散;肝肾虚而血热,适宜用凉胎饮;肝脾虚而血热,适宜用固胎煎。另外李中梓(立斋)的方法:治疗血虚血热、多次堕胎的,在调补之外,正值初夏时节,教令用浓煎的白术汤送服黄芩末二钱,服用几十帖,得以保全并生产,也是值得效法的方法。此外,凡是有其他证候而胎不安的,应当在安胎条目中酌情治疗。
When the fetal qi is injured and disturbed during pregnancy, causes such as falls or blows, anger, weakness, fatigue, erroneous intake of medicines or foods, and imprudent sexual intercourse can all lead to this condition. If the fetal movement is caused by the mother's illness, one should only treat the mother; if the mother's illness is caused by fetal restlessness, one should only stabilize the fetus. In mild cases characterized by restlessness or slight bleeding, if the condition is not severe, immediate stabilization measures should be taken using methods for stabilizing the fetus or sudden bleeding mentioned earlier. If there is abdominal pain with heavy bleeding, soreness and heaviness in the lower back, indicating that the fetus cannot be retained, Juejin Jian (Decoction for Crossing the River) or Wuwu Jian (Decoction of Five Ingredients) are the most appropriate choices to assist blood flow and induce expulsion, which is very suitable. If the condition is severe, presenting with a blue tongue, red face, distension, vomiting, or cold qi rushing upward, the fetus has died. If the face is blue, foam is vomited, and the tongue is red, the mother has died. If the face, tongue, lips, and corners of the mouth are all blue, and foam issues from the mouth, both mother and fetus have died. If the fetus has died, it must be removed quickly to save the mother. For those with deficiency of qi and blood, Juejin Jian is best. If there is no response and distension/pain rushes upward with urgent heat, immediately use Pingwei San (Regulate the Stomach Powder), one liang, decocted with half wine and half water, adding Poxiao (Natrii Sulfas) five qian, taken hot; or use one liang of Poxiao mixed with urine from an uncircumcised child, then the dead fetus will be expelled. After expulsion, tonify according to the syndrome. If there is no urgency or distension, simply use Juejin Jian added with Poxiao, and the dead fetus will naturally pass.
1. Whenever qi and blood are weak and unable to nourish the fetus, or if the mother has a minor illness such that the fetus is unlikely to survive, it is better to induce abortion to avoid other complications. Guixin San (Cinnamon Heart Powder) or Xia Tai Duan Ju Fang (Short and Rapid Formula for Expelling the Fetus) are suitable.
The fetus grows through yang generating and yin nourishing; when qi moves, blood follows, and when Ying and Wei (nutritive and defensive qi) are harmonious, delivery occurs at term. If the mechanism of nourishment is interrupted even slightly, the source and branches will not connect, and the fetus will not be secure. This is like planting: if fluids do not reach, branches wither and fruits fall, vines collapse and flowers drop. As stated in the *Suwen: Chapter on the Five Regular Policies*: "Rooted within, it is called Shen Ji (Spirit Mechanism); when Shen departs, the mechanism ceases. Rooted without, it is called Qi Li (Qi Establishment); when Qi stops, transformation ends." This refers precisely to this situation. Frequent miscarriages during pregnancy are invariably due to damage to qi and vessels. Causes of this damage include innate constitutional weakness, decline in age and strength, exhaustion of essence and vitality due to worry, anger, labor, and hardship, and secret loss of vital qi due to imprudent sexual activity. Additionally, falls, dietary errors, etc., can all injure qi and vessels. It is rare for the fetus to remain unharmed after qi and vessel injury unless the congenital constitution is extremely solid; this is not seen in ordinary people. Furthermore, throughout the ten months of pregnancy, different meridians govern nourishment at different times. Therefore, frequent spontaneous abortions often occur around three, five, and seven months, and subsequent abortions tend to recur at these specific times. This is because a previous injury to a specific meridian makes it vulnerable when that meridian becomes active again, leading to failure. Moreover, the Kidney connects to the Bao Palace (uterus), and the waist is the mansion of the Kidney. Thus, pregnant women are most prone to lower back pain; severe pain leads to abortion, so prevention is essential. Therefore, anyone fearing abortion must examine the cause of injury and exercise extreme caution. In treating habitual abortion, one must investigate the source of fetal nourishment and preemptively tonify deficiencies; this is the essence of fetal protection. Waiting until the last moment may be too late. Unstable pregnancy is essentially a disease of qi and blood injury. Qi deficiency leads to insecure holding, and blood deficiency leads to inadequate irrigation, often resulting in miscarriage. Therefore, experts in fetal protection focus on blood deficiency, primarily using Taiyuan Yin (Fetal Origin Decoction) with modifications. Next is Shaoyao Xiong Gui Tang (Peony, Ligusticum, and Angelica Decoction), followed by Taishan Panshi San (Mount Tai Porphyry Powder) or Baoyun Wan (Pregnancy Protection Pills) from *Qianjin Fang*, all of which possess miraculous effects and should be used judiciously. Additionally, fetal heat causes blood to move recklessly, making the fetus unstable; thus, abortions due to internal heat and deficiency are common. For Spleen qi deficiency with blood heat, Six Saints Powder (Sisheng San) is suitable; for Liver-Kidney deficiency with blood heat, Liangtai Yin (Cooling Fetus Decoction) is suitable; for Liver-Spleen deficiency with blood heat, Gutai Jian (Stabilizing Fetus Decoction) is suitable. Additionally, Li Zhongzi's method: for blood deficiency with blood heat causing frequent miscarriages, besides tonifying, during early summer, instruct the patient to take Huangqin Mo (Scutellaria Powder) two qian with strongly decocted Baizhu Tang (Atractylodes Macrocephala Decoction) for dozens of doses, ensuring survival, which is also a worthy method. For other syndromes causing fetal instability, treatment should be adjusted according to the section on stabilizing the fetus.