凡非风等证，在古人诸书，皆云气体虚弱，荣卫失调，则真气耗散，腠理不密，故邪气
乘虚而入。此言感邪之由，岂不为善，然有邪无邪，则何可不辨。夫有邪者，即伤寒疟痹之
属；无邪者，即非风衰败之属。有邪者，必或为寒热走注，或为肿痛偏枯，而神志依然无恙
也；无邪者，本无痛苦寒热，而肢节忽废，精神言语倏尔变常也。有邪者，病由乎经，即风
寒湿三气之外侵也；无邪者，病出乎脏，而精虚则气去，所以为眩运卒倒，气去则神去，所
以为昏愦无知也。有邪者，邪必乘虚而入，故当先扶正气，但通经逐邪之品不得不用以为佐
；无邪者，救本不暇，尚可再为杂用以伤及正气乎。
凡五脏皆能致病，而风厥等证何以独重肝邪，且其急暴之若此也？盖人之所赖以生者，
惟在胃气，以胃为水谷之本也。故《经》云∶人无胃气曰死，脉无胃气亦死。夫肝邪者，即
胃气之贼也，一胜一负，不相并立。凡此非风等证，其病为强直掉眩之类，皆肝邪风木之化
也。其为四肢不用，痰涎壅盛者，皆胃败脾虚之候也。然虽曰东方之实，又岂果肝气之有余
耶？正以五阳俱败，肝失所养，则肝从邪化，是曰肝邪。故在阴阳类论以肝脏为最下者，正
谓其木能犯土，肝能犯胃也。然肝邪之见，本由脾肾之虚，使脾胃不虚，则肝木虽强，必无
乘脾之患；使肾水不虚，则肝木得养，又何有强直之虞。所谓胃气者，即二十五阳也，非独
指阳明为言也。所谓肾水者，即五脏六腑之精也，非独指少阴为言也。然则真阳败者真脏见
，真阴败者亦真脏见，凡脉证之见真脏者，俱为危败之兆。所谓真脏者，即肝邪也，即无胃
气也，此即非风、类风之病之大本也。
凡是中风等非风类病证，在古人的医书中，都说是由于人体正气虚弱，营卫之气失调，导致真气耗散，腠理（皮肤毛孔及皮下组织间隙）不致密，所以邪气趁虚而入。这种说法阐述了感受邪气的缘由，难道不好吗？然而，究竟是有邪还是无邪，怎么可以不加以辨别呢？所谓有邪的，就是指伤寒、疟疾、痹症这一类疾病；所谓无邪的，就是指中风衰败这一类疾病。有邪的病，必定会出现寒热往来、疼痛游走不定，或者出现肿胀疼痛、半身不遂等症状，但患者的神志依然清醒正常；无邪的病，原本没有痛苦和寒热症状，但四肢关节突然丧失功能，精神和言语忽然变得异常。有邪的病，病位在于经络，是由风、寒、湿三种外邪侵袭所致；无邪的病，病源发自脏腑，因为精血亏虚则气机离散，所以出现眩晕、突然昏倒；气机离散则神志随之消散，所以出现昏迷、无知觉的状态。有邪的病，邪气是乘正气之虚而入，所以治疗应当先扶助正气，但通经逐邪的药物不得不作为辅助使用；无邪的病，挽救根本尚且来不及，哪里还能再使用杂乱的药物来伤害正气呢？
五脏都能致病，为什么风厥等病证唯独重视肝邪，并且病情如此急迫猛烈呢？大概人赖以生存的根本，只在于胃气，因为胃是水谷精微的根本所在。所以《内经》说：人如果没有胃气就会死亡，脉象中没有胃气也会死亡。所谓的肝邪，就是胃气的贼害者，两者一胜一负，不能并存。凡是这些中风等非风类病证，其病症表现为强直、震颤、眩晕之类，这都是肝邪风木之气变化的结果。那些表现为四肢不能活动、痰涎壅盛的患者，都是胃气败坏、脾脏虚弱的征候。虽然说这是东方（肝属木，方位在东）的实证，但这真的是肝气有余吗？正是因为五脏的阳气都败坏了，肝脏失去滋养，于是肝脏从属于邪气而变化，这就叫做肝邪。所以在《素问·阴阳类论》中认为肝脏位于最下层，正是指肝木能够克制脾土，肝气能够侵犯胃气。然而肝邪的出现，本来是由于脾肾的虚弱造成的，如果脾胃不虚，那么即使肝木很强盛，也一定不会有乘袭脾土的祸患；如果肾水不虚，那么肝木得到滋养，又哪里有强直抽搐的担忧呢？所说的胃气，就是指二十五阳之气，并不单指阳明经而言。所说的肾水，就是指五脏六腑的精气，并不单指少阴肾而言。然而，真阳败坏的，会出现真脏脉；真阴败坏的，也会出现真脏脉。凡是脉象和证候中出现真脏表现的，都是危重败绝的征兆。所说的真脏，就是肝邪，也就是无胃气的表现，这就是中风、类风病的根本所在。
Regarding non-stroke (Fei Feng, 非风) and similar syndromes, ancient medical texts all state that when the body's constitution is weak and Ying-Wei Qi (Nutritive and Defensive Qi) are disordered, the True Qi dissipates, and the Cou Li (skin pores and interstitial spaces) become lax. Consequently, pathogenic factors enter due to deficiency. This explanation of how pathogens invade is indeed sound; however, one must distinguish between cases with pathogens and those without. "With pathogens" refers to conditions such as Shang Han (Cold Damage), malaria, and Bi syndrome (painful obstruction); "without pathogens" refers to conditions characterized by stroke-like decline and failure. In cases with pathogens, there must be alternating chills and fever, wandering pain, or swelling, pain, and hemiplegia, while the patient's consciousness remains intact. In cases without pathogens, there is originally no pain or chills/fever, but limb joints suddenly lose function, and spirit and speech abruptly change. Diseases with pathogens originate in the meridians, caused by external invasion of Wind, Cold, and Dampness; diseases without pathogens originate from the Zang organs, where essence deficiency leads to Qi dispersion, resulting in dizziness and sudden collapse; Qi dispersion leads to Spirit loss, resulting in coma and unconsciousness. In cases with pathogens, since pathogens enter via deficiency, treatment should first support the Righteous Qi, although drugs that unblock meridians and expel pathogens cannot be omitted as auxiliaries. In cases without pathogens, saving the root is already urgent enough; how can one use miscellaneous drugs again to damage the Righteous Qi?
All five Zang organs can cause disease, so why are syndromes like Wind Jue (Feng Jue, 风厥) specifically emphasized regarding Liver Pathogen (Gan Xie, 肝邪), and why is the onset so acute and violent? The basis of human life lies solely in Stomach Qi (Wei Qi, 胃气), as the Stomach is the root of water and grain. Thus, the *Jing* (Classic) states: "If a person lacks Stomach Qi, they die; if the pulse lacks Stomach Qi, they also die." The Liver Pathogen is the thief of Stomach Qi; one wins while the other loses, and they cannot coexist. For these non-stroke syndromes, symptoms such as rigidity, tremors, and dizziness are transformations of Liver Pathogen and Wind-Wood Qi. Cases presenting with inability to use the limbs and excessive phlegm-saliva are signs of Stomach failure and Spleen deficiency. Although it is said to be an excess of the East (Liver belongs to Wood, corresponding to the East), is it truly an excess of Liver Qi? It is precisely because the Yang Qi of the five Zang organs have all failed, causing the Liver to lose nourishment and transform according to pathology, which is termed Liver Pathogen. Therefore, in the *Yin Yang Lei Lun* chapter of the *Su Wen*, the Liver is considered the lowest, precisely referring to the fact that Wood can invade Earth, and Liver can invade the Stomach. However, the appearance of Liver Pathogen stems from Spleen and Kidney deficiency. If the Spleen and Stomach were not deficient, even if Liver Wood were strong, there would be no risk of it overacting on the Spleen; if Kidney Water were not deficient, Liver Wood would be nourished, and what fear of rigidity would there be? The term "Stomach Qi" refers to the Twenty-Five Yang Qi, not merely speaking of the Yangming Meridian. The term "Kidney Water" refers to the essence of the five Zang and six Fu organs, not merely speaking of the Shaoyin. When True Yang fails, the True Zang pulse appears; when True Yin fails, the True Zang pulse also appears. Any pulse and syndrome manifesting True Zang signs are omens of critical decline. The so-called True Zang is the Liver Pathogen, which is the absence of Stomach Qi. This is the fundamental basis of non-stroke and wind-like diseases.