一、阴暑证，凡暑月外感风寒，以致阴邪抑遏阳气，而病为发热头痛，肢体拘急酸疼，
无汗恶寒，脉紧等症，此即伤寒之属。治以解散为主，宜正柴胡饮、小柴胡汤，或一、二、
三、四柴胡饮之类，酌其寒热虚实，随宜用之。若脉见微细，气体虚弱，不可发汗者，但宜
补中气，使元气渐充，则寒邪自散，不必攻邪也。或用补中益气汤主之。若邪感于外，而火
盛于内，或阳明热甚者，宜柴胡白虎煎之类主之。若寒邪在表未解，而六脉微细，背冷恶寒
，或呕恶泄泻，内无热证者，此正伏阴在内，而邪不易解，虽在暑月，亦速宜温中，如理阴
煎、理中汤、大温中饮、麻桂饮之类，皆宜速用，不可疑也。亦不可迟也。若邪盛于外而中
不甚虚者，或以五积散。以上诸证有不能尽者，俱宜以伤寒门诸法，察而治之。
一、阴暑证，凡内伤生冷，致损胃气，而病为腹痛、泄泻、呕吐者，治宜以温中散寒为
主。若初受寒邪，停积未散，而脾气未虚者，先宜以抑扶煎、五德丸之类主之。若胃气微虚
者，宜佐关煎、五德丸主之。若胃气再虚者，宜温胃饮、理中汤主之。若吐泻已甚，脾肾兼
伤，而痛连小腹二阴，或成痢者，宜胃关煎、理阴煎，或九气丹之类主之。若表中寒邪，内
伤主冷，表里俱病者，宜兼治之，以和胃饮加柴胡，或温胃饮加柴胡，或新方诸柴胡饮，察
虚实而用之。古方用大顺散为温中之总治，亦何足以尽之也。
一、阳暑以酷热伤人，本为热证，然阳中又有阴阳，此不可不辨。凡暑热中人者，其气
必虚，以火能克金而热伤气也。然热者不可不清，虚者不可不补，但阳中之阳者宜兼乎清，
如身热，头痛，烦躁，大渴，大汗，脉洪滑，喜冷水，大便干结，小水赤痛之类，皆阳证
也。若气不甚虚，而但有火证者，宜白虎汤，或益元散主之。或火盛之甚者，惟玉泉散更妙
。若汗出脉虚浮，烦渴有火而少气者，宜白虎加人参汤，或仲景竹叶石膏汤、《宣明》桂苓
甘露饮之类主之。若眩晕少气，虽烦渴而火不甚者，宜生脉散主之。以上诸法，用治阳中之
阳，皆古法之善者。若虽壮热口渴，而脉虚无力，或重按全无，及神困气促者，此脾胃气虚
，元阳不足，假火之证，若误用白虎等剂，其危立至。
一、凡中暑热者，人皆知为阳证，而不知阳中有阴也。盖外中热邪，而内亦热者，此表
里俱热，方是阳证，治宜清补如前。若内本无热，而因热伤气，但气虚于中者，便有伏阴之
象，故凡治暑热之证，最当辨其阴阳虚实。若脉虚无力，或为恶寒背寒，或为呕恶，或为腹
痛泄泻，或四肢鼻尖微冷，或不喜凉茶凉水，或息短气促，无力以动之类，皆阳中之阴证
也。凡见此类，但当专顾元气，惟宜独参汤，徐徐与之为最妙。若兼微呕恶寒者，宜加煨姜
与人参等分主之。再其甚者，则养中煎、理中汤、五君子煎，或五福饮、理阴煎之类，皆当
随宜用之。若虚寒之甚，则舍时从证，桂附皆所必用，切不可因暑热之名，而执用寒凉解暑
等剂再伐阳气，则变有不可测也。若夏月于盛暑中，过于劳倦，因而中暑者，其劳倦既已伤
脾，暑热又以伤气，此本内伤大虚之候，当专以调补为先，然后察其有火无火，或有邪无邪
，而兼治如前可也。
一、夏月因暑致病，而医有不知伏阴，误投寒剂，以致吐泻腹痛，或外热内寒，烦躁多
渴，状若伤寒。但察其脉微神困，便是阴盛格阳之证，速宜温药以救其内。
一、夏月既伤暑热，复伤生冷，外热内寒者，当专以内寒为主。有滞者，清其滞；无滞
者，益其气。但温中理脾，脾气既复，而暑无不退也。
一、阴暑证，凡是暑天感受风寒，导致阴邪遏制阳气，从而出现发热头痛、肢体拘急酸痛、无汗恶寒、脉紧等症状，这属于伤寒的范畴。治疗以发散解表为主，适宜使用正柴胡饮、小柴胡汤，或者一、二、三、四柴胡饮等方剂，根据寒热虚实的情况酌情选用。如果脉象微细，体质虚弱，不能发汗的，只宜补益中气，使元气逐渐充盛，那么寒邪自然消散，不必强行攻逐邪气。或者使用补中益气汤主治。如果邪气在体表，而体内火气旺盛，或者是阳明经热盛的，适宜用柴胡白虎煎等方剂主治。如果寒邪在体表尚未解除，而六脉微细，背部寒冷恶寒，或者呕吐恶心泄泻，体内没有热证的，这是正气伏阴在内，邪气不易解散，即使在暑月，也应当迅速温中，如理阴煎、理中汤、大温中饮、麻桂饮等方剂，都应当迅速使用，不可犹豫。也不可以拖延。如果邪气盛于体表而中焦不是很虚弱的，可以用五积散。以上各种证候如果有未能尽述的，都应当参照伤寒门的各种方法，诊察后进行治疗。
二、阴暑证，凡是内伤生冷食物，导致损伤胃气，从而出现腹痛、泄泻、呕吐的，治疗以温中散寒为主。如果刚受寒邪，停滞积聚未散，而脾气尚未虚弱的，先适宜用抑扶煎、五德丸等方剂主治。如果胃气轻微虚弱的，适宜用佐关煎、五德丸主治。如果胃气再次虚弱的，适宜用温胃饮、理中汤主治。如果吐泻已经非常严重，脾肾同时受伤，并且疼痛牵连小腹和二阴，或者形成痢疾的，适宜用胃关煎、理阴煎，或者九气丹等方剂主治。如果体表有寒邪，内部又因贪凉受损，表里都有病的，应当兼顾治疗，用和胃饮加柴胡，或者温胃饮加柴胡，或者新方中的各种柴胡饮，诊察虚实后使用。古方用大顺散作为温中的总治法，哪里足以穷尽所有情况呢？
三、阳暑是由于酷热伤人，本来属于热证，然而阳之中又有阴阳之分，这一点不可不辨别。凡是暑热侵袭人体的，其人气机必然虚弱，因为火能克金，热会伤气。然而热证不可不清除，虚证不可不补益，但阳中之阳者适宜兼用清热之法，如身体发热、头痛、烦躁、大渴、大汗、脉洪滑、喜欢冷水、大便干结、小便赤痛等，都属于阳证。如果气不是很虚弱，而只有火证的，适宜用白虎汤，或者益元散主治。如果是火气特别旺盛的，唯有玉泉散更妙。如果出汗且脉象虚浮，烦渴有火而少气的，适宜用白虎加人参汤，或者张仲景的竹叶石膏汤、《宣明论方》的桂苓甘露饮等方剂主治。如果眩晕少气，虽然烦渴但火气不严重的，适宜用生脉散主治。以上各种方法，用于治疗阳中之阳，都是古法中较好的。如果虽然高热口渴，但脉象虚无力，或者重按完全无脉，以及精神困倦气息急促的，这是脾胃气虚，元阳不足，假火的证候，如果误用白虎汤等药剂，危险立刻到来。
四、凡是中暑热的人，都知道是阳证，却不知道阳之中也有阴。盖因外感热邪，而内部也热的，这才是表里俱热，才是阳证，治疗适宜像前面那样清补。如果内部本来没有热，而是因为热伤了气，只是中气虚弱的，就会有伏阴的现象，所以凡是治疗暑热证，最应当辨别其阴阳虚实。如果脉象虚无力，或者恶寒背寒，或者呕吐恶心，或者腹痛泄泻，或者四肢鼻尖微冷，或者不喜欢凉茶凉水，或者呼吸短促气息急促，无力活动等的，都属于阳中之阴证。凡是见到这类情况，只应当专门顾护元气，适宜单独使用独参汤，慢慢给予最为奇妙。如果兼有轻微呕吐恶寒的，适宜加入煨姜与人参等量主治。再严重的，则用养中煎、理中汤、五君子煎，或者五福饮、理阴煎等方剂，都应当酌情使用。如果虚寒非常严重，则应当舍去时令而从症状出发，肉桂、附子都是必须使用的，切不可因为暑热的名称，就固执地使用寒凉解暑等药剂再次伐伤阳气，那么变化将有不可预测的危险。如果在夏天于盛暑之中，过于劳倦，因而中暑的，这种劳倦既已伤脾，暑热又以伤气，这本来是内伤大虚的证候，应当专门以调补为先，然后诊察是否有火、是否有邪，再像前面那样兼顾治疗即可。
五、夏天因暑致病，而医生不知道有伏阴，误投寒凉药剂，以致出现吐泻腹痛，或者外热内寒、烦躁多渴，症状像伤寒。只要诊察到脉象微弱、精神困倦，就是阴盛格阳的证候，应当迅速用温药来救治内部。
六、夏天既伤了暑热，又伤了生冷，出现外热内寒的，应当专门以内寒为主。有积滞的，清除其积滞；没有积滞的，补益其气。只要温中健脾，脾气恢复，那么暑热没有不退去的。
1. Yin-Shu Syndrome (Yin Summerheat Syndrome) refers to cases where, during the summer months, external contraction of Wind-Cold leads to Yin pathogens suppressing Yang Qi, resulting in symptoms such as fever, headache, stiffness and soreness of the limbs, absence of sweating, aversion to cold, and a tight pulse. This belongs to the category of Shanghan (Cold Damage). The treatment principle is primarily to disperse and release the exterior. Suitable formulas include Zheng Chaihu Yin (Correct Bupleurum Decoction), Xiao Chaihu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction), or variations such as First, Second, Third, and Fourth Chaihu Yins, selected according to the patterns of Cold, Heat, Deficiency, and Excess. If the pulse is faint and fine, and the constitution is weak, making sweating contraindicated, one should only tonify Middle Qi so that Yuan Qi gradually replenishes, causing the Cold pathogen to dissipate naturally without attacking the pathogen directly. In such cases, Buzhong Yiqi Tang (Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction) may be used. If the pathogen is on the exterior while Fire is excessive internally, or if there is severe Heat in the Yangming channel, Chaihu Baihu Jian (Bupleurum and White Tiger Decoction) may be used. If Cold pathogen remains unresolved on the exterior, accompanied by faint pulses in all six positions, cold back, aversion to cold, vomiting, nausea, diarrhea, and no internal Heat signs, this indicates latent Yin within and difficulty resolving the pathogen. Even in summer, rapid warming of the Middle is required; formulas such as Liyin Jian (Regulate Yin Decoction), Lizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction), Dawen Zhong Yin (Great Warming of the Middle Decoction), or Magui Yin (Ephedra and Cinnamon Twig Decoction) should be used promptly without hesitation or delay. If the pathogen is excessive on the exterior but the Interior is not significantly deficient, Wuji San (Five Accumulations Powder) may be used. For any syndromes not fully covered above, methods from the Shanghan section should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment.
2. Regarding Yin-Shu caused by internal injury from raw and cold foods damaging Stomach Qi, leading to abdominal pain, diarrhea, and vomiting, the treatment should focus on warming the Middle and dispersing Cold. If Cold pathogen has just been contracted and stagnated without dispersal, and Spleen Qi is not yet deficient, Yifu Jian (Suppress and Support Decoction) or Wude Wan (Five Virtues Pill) may be used first. If Stomach Qi is slightly deficient, Zuoguan Jian (Assist the Gate Decoction) combined with Wude Wan is suitable. If Stomach Qi is further deficient, Wenwei Yin (Warm the Stomach Decoction) or Lizhong Tang are appropriate. If vomiting and diarrhea are severe, injuring both Spleen and Kidney, with pain radiating to the lower abdomen and genitalia, or developing into dysentery, Weiguan Jian (Stomach Gate Decoction), Liyin Jian, or Jiuqi Dan (Nine Qi Pill) may be used. If exterior Cold pathogen coexists with internal injury from cold, affecting both interior and exterior, simultaneous treatment is needed using Hewei Yin (Harmonize the Stomach Decoction) plus Chaihu, or Wenwei Yin plus Chaihu, or various new Chaihu formulations, selected based on deficiency or excess. Ancient texts use Dashun San (Great Smoothness Powder) as a general remedy for warming the Middle, but this alone is insufficient to cover all cases.
3. Yang-Shu (Yang Summerheat) results from extreme heat injuring the body and is inherently a Heat syndrome. However, within Yang, there are distinctions of Yin and Yang that must be clarified. When Summerheat invades, Qi is inevitably deficient because Fire overacts on Metal, and Heat injures Qi. While Heat must be cleared, Deficiency must be tonified. For Yang-within-Yang patterns, clearing Heat is necessary alongside tonification. Symptoms such as fever, headache, irritability, intense thirst, profuse sweating, surging and slippery pulse, preference for cold drinks, dry stools, and painful red urine indicate Yang syndromes. If Qi is not significantly deficient but Fire signs are present, Baihu Tang (White Tiger Decoction) or Yiyuan San (Benefit Origin Powder) may be used. For severe Fire, Yuquan San (Jade Spring Powder) is particularly effective. If sweating occurs with a floating and deficient pulse, accompanied by irritability, thirst, Fire signs, and shortness of breath, Baihu Jia Renshen Tang (White Tiger Decoction plus Ginseng) or Zhang Zhongjing's Zhuye Shigao Tang (Bamboo Leaf and Gypsum Decoction) or Xuanming Lun's Guiling Ganlu Yin (Cassia, Poria, and Sweet Dew Decoction) may be used. For dizziness, shortness of breath, irritability, and thirst with mild Fire, Shengmai San (Generate the Pulse Powder) is suitable. These methods represent excellent ancient practices for treating Yang-within-Yang. However, if there is high fever and thirst but the pulse is weak, powerless, or empty upon deep pressure, along with mental fatigue and rapid breathing, this indicates Spleen-Stomach Qi deficiency and insufficiency of Yuan Yang, presenting as false Fire. Misusing Baihu Tang in such cases leads to immediate danger.
4. Generally, people know Summerheat is a Yang syndrome but fail to recognize Yin within Yang. If external Heat pathogen meets internal Heat, resulting in full exterior and interior Heat, it is a true Yang syndrome, treated with clearing and tonifying as described previously. If there is no internal Heat initially, but Qi is injured by Heat, leading to central Qi deficiency, signs of latent Yin appear. Therefore, distinguishing Yin and Yang, Deficiency and Excess is crucial in treating Summerheat. Signs such as a weak pulse, aversion to cold (especially in the back), vomiting, nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, cold extremities and nose tip, dislike for cold drinks, shortness of breath, and weakness indicate Yang-within-Yin syndromes. In such cases, protecting Yuan Qi is paramount; Dushen Tang (Single Ginseng Decoction) administered slowly is most effective. If accompanied by mild vomiting and aversion to cold, roasted Ginger and Ginseng in equal parts may be added. For more severe cases, Yangzhong Jian (Nourish the Middle Decoction), Lizhong Tang, Wujunzi Jian (Five Gentlemen Decoction), Wufu Yin (Five Blessings Decoction), or Liyin Jian may be used appropriately. If Cold-Deficiency is severe, one must set aside seasonal considerations and follow the syndrome; Cinnamon Twig and Aconite Root become essential. One must not stubbornly use cold-cooling Summerheat remedies due to the name "Summerheat," which would further damage Yang Qi and lead to unpredictable complications. If Summerheat occurs due to excessive labor and fatigue in summer, both Spleen is injured by labor and Qi by Summerheat, constituting a major internal injury and severe deficiency. Treatment should prioritize regulation and tonification, then assess the presence of Fire or pathogens, and treat accordingly as described.
5. In summer, diseases caused by Summerheat may be misdiagnosed by physicians who ignore latent Yin and mistakenly administer cold agents, leading to vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, or external Heat with internal Cold, irritability, and excessive thirst resembling Shanghan. If the pulse is faint and spirit is fatigued, this indicates Yin Excess repelling Yang (Yin Cheng Ge Yang). Warm herbs should be used immediately to rescue the Interior.
6. In summer, when both Summerheat and raw/cold foods cause injury, resulting in external Heat and internal Cold, treatment should focus primarily on internal Cold. If there is stagnation, clear it; if not, tonify Qi. By warming the Middle and regulating the Spleen, once Spleen Qi recovers, Summerheat will naturally subside.