苦寒无毒。取根去外黑皮用。
《本经》治热毒，去三虫。
发明 梓皮苦寒，能利太阳、阳明经湿热，仲景麻黄连翘赤小豆汤用之。其治温病复伤
寒饮变为胃 者，煮汁饮之。取其引寒饮湿邪下泄也。
苦寒无毒。
《本经》主恶蚀阴疮五痔，杀三虫。
发明 梧之与桐本是二种。梧子状如胡椒，性热助火，咳嗽多痰者勿食。梧叶消肿毒，
生毛发。《本经》治恶蚀阴疮。《肘后》治发落不生。《医林正宗》治痈疽发背，大如盘，
臭腐不可近，用梧叶醋蒸粘贴，热退痛止，渐渐生肉收口。梧皮煎汁疗小儿丹毒、恶疮。《
本经》治五痔、杀三虫，今人煎汤熏洗肠痔脱肛，即《本经》治五痔之应。浸水涂须发黑润
，过用则发黄赤，助火之验也。
辛寒有毒。
发明 桐子不入食品，专供作油。其状如罂，摩涂疥癣毒肿。吐风痰喉痹，以桐油和水
扫入喉中则吐。误食吐者，得酒即解。
一名刺桐
苦平无毒。
发明 海桐皮能行经络达病所。治风湿腰脚不遂，血脉顽痹，腿膝疼痛，赤白泻痢，及
去风杀虫。虫牙风痛，煎汤漱之。疳蚀疥癣，磨汁涂之。目赤肤翳，浸水洗之。此药专去风
湿，随证入药服之。无风湿者勿用。
即金铃子，苦楝根附
苦寒小毒。酒浸蒸软去皮核，取净肉捻作饼，焙干用。
《本经》主温病伤寒大热烦狂，杀三虫疥疮，利小便水道。
发明 川楝苦寒性降，能导湿热下走渗道；人但知其有治疝之功，而不知其荡热止痛之
用。《本经》主温病烦狂，取以引火毒下泄，而烦乱自除。其温病之下，又续出伤寒二字，
以温病原从冬时伏邪，至春随阳气而发，故宜苦寒以降泄之。其杀三虫、利水道，总取以苦
化热之义。古方金铃子散治心包火郁作痛，即妇人产后血结心疼亦宜用之，以金铃子能降火
逆。延胡索能散结血，功胜失笑散，而无腥秽伤中之患。昔人以川楝为疝气腹痛、杀虫利水
专药，然多有用之不效者，不知川楝所主乃囊肿茎强木痛湿热之疝，非痛引入腹厥逆呕涎之
寒疝所宜。此言虽迥出前辈，然犹未达至治之奥。夫疝瘕皆由寒束热邪每多掣引作痛，必需
川楝之苦寒兼茴香之辛热，以解错综之邪。更须察其痛之从下而上引者，随手辄应。设痛之
从上而下注者，法当辛温散结，苦寒良非所宜。诸痛皆尔，不独疝瘕为然。近有一人牙宣出
血不止，诸治罔效，或令以楝实研细，绵裹塞齿龈即止。详血从内出外治，何能即应？因以
少许置舌上，其苦直透诸龈，况有罅漏，安得不渗入于经也。苦楝根治蛊毒，煎汤服之即时
吐出。又能杀虫治疟。其花烧烟辟蚊虫，亦《本经》杀虫之验。
梓白皮：味苦，性寒，无毒。使用时取根部，去除外部黑色的树皮后入药。
《神农本草经》记载其治疗热毒，驱除肠道寄生虫。
【发明】梓白皮味苦性寒，能够清利太阳经和阳明经的湿热，张仲景在麻黄连翘赤小豆汤中使用了它。对于温病又感受寒邪，导致寒饮停滞在胃脘的情况，煮汁饮用可以治疗。这是利用它引导寒饮湿邪向下排泄的作用。
梧桐子：味苦，性寒，无毒。
《神农本草经》记载其主治恶蚀阴疮（一种腐蚀性的外阴溃疡）和五种痔疮，杀灭寄生虫。
【发明】梧桐树与桐树本是两种不同的植物。梧桐子的形状像胡椒，性热助火，咳嗽多痰的人不要食用。梧桐叶能消除肿毒，促进毛发生长。《神农本草经》用于治疗恶蚀阴疮。《肘后备急方》用于治疗头发脱落不再生长。《医林正宗》记载治疗痈疽发背（背部严重的化脓性感染），肿块大如盘子，气味臭腐令人难以靠近，用梧桐叶醋蒸后贴敷，热退痛止，逐渐生肌收口。梧桐皮煎汁可治疗小儿丹毒、恶疮。《神农本草经》记载治疗五种痔疮、杀灭寄生虫，现在人们煎汤熏洗治疗肠痔脱肛，就是《神农本草经》治疗五痔的应用。将梧桐子浸泡在水中涂抹须发可使头发黑润，但过度使用则会使头发变黄赤，这是其助火的验证。
桐子：味辛，性寒，有毒。
【发明】桐子不作为食品，专门用于榨油。其形状像罂粟壳，研磨后涂抹可治疗疥癣毒肿。引起风痰喉痹（咽喉肿痛闭塞），用桐油加水灌入喉中催吐。如果误食桐油引起呕吐，饮酒即可解毒。
刺桐（海桐皮）：一名刺桐。味苦，性平，无毒。
【发明】海桐皮能够通行经络，直达病所。治疗风湿引起的腰脚活动不利、血脉顽痹、腿膝疼痛、赤白痢疾，以及祛风杀虫。治疗虫牙风痛，煎汤漱口。治疗疳蚀疥癣，磨汁外涂。治疗目赤肤翳（眼睛红肿、角膜云翳），浸水清洗。此药专于祛除风湿，根据证候配合其他药物内服。没有风湿者勿用。
川楝实（金铃子）：即金铃子，附注为苦楝根。味苦，性寒，有小毒。用酒浸泡蒸软后去皮核，取纯净果肉搓成饼状，焙干后使用。
《神农本草经》记载其主治温病伤寒引起的高热烦躁狂乱，杀灭寄生虫和治疗疥疮，通利小便水道。
【发明】川楝子味苦性寒，性质沉降，能够引导湿热向下通过渗道排出；人们只知道它有治疗疝气的功效，却不知道它有荡涤热邪、止痛的作用。《神农本草经》主治温病烦狂，是取其引导火毒向下排泄，从而烦躁混乱自然消除。文中“温病”之下接着出现“伤寒”二字，是因为温病原本是从冬季伏藏的邪气，到了春季随着阳气升发而发病，所以适宜用苦寒之品来降泄。其杀灭寄生虫、通利水道的作用，总归是取苦能化热的含义。古方金铃子散治疗心包火郁导致的疼痛，即使是妇人产后血结引起的心痛也适宜使用，因为金铃子能降火逆。延胡索能消散结聚的血瘀，功效胜过失笑散，且没有腥秽伤中的弊端。过去人们认为川楝子是治疗疝气腹痛、杀虫利水的专用药，然而有很多使用无效的情况，这是因为不知道川楝子所主治的是囊肿、阴茎强直、麻木疼痛属于湿热性质的疝气，而不是疼痛牵引至腹部、伴有厥冷呕吐涎沫的寒疝所适宜的。这种说法虽然远超前辈见解，但仍未达到最高治疗境界的奥妙。其实疝瘕（腹内结块）多由寒束热邪引起，常常牵拉引致疼痛，必须用川楝子的苦寒配合小茴香的辛热，以解开错综复杂的邪气。还需要观察疼痛是从下向上牵引的，用药随手见效。如果疼痛是从上向下灌注的，治法应当用辛温散结，苦寒药就不太适宜了。各种疼痛都是如此，不仅仅是疝瘕这样。最近有一人牙宣（牙龈萎缩出血）出血不止，各种治疗都无效，有人让他将楝实研细，用棉包裹塞入齿龈，出血立即停止。仔细思考血液从内部向外溢出，外用药物怎么能立刻见效？于是将少许药粉放在舌上，其苦味直接透达各个牙龈，况且牙龈有缝隙漏洞，药物怎能不渗入经脉呢？苦楝根根治疗蛊毒，煎汤服用后立即吐出。又能杀虫治疗疟疾。其花燃烧产生的烟可以驱避蚊虫，这也是《神农本草经》记载杀虫作用的验证。
Zi Bai Pi (Catalpa Bark): Bitter, cold, non-toxic. Use the root, removing the outer black bark.
*Shennong Bencao Jing* records its use for treating heat toxins and expelling three types of intestinal parasites.
[Invention] Zi Bai Pi is bitter and cold; it can clear and drain damp-heat from the Taiyang (Greater Yang) and Yangming (Yang Brightness) meridians. Zhang Zhongjing used it in Mahuang Lianqiao Chixiaodou Tang (Ephedra, Forsythia, and Red Bean Decoction). For cases where a warm disease is complicated by cold damage, leading to cold fluid retention in the stomach, boiling the juice and drinking it treats this condition. This utilizes its ability to guide cold fluids and damp pathogens downward for excretion.
Wu Tong Zi (Wutong Seed): Bitter, cold, non-toxic.
*Shennong Bencao Jing* states it primarily treats evil erosion yin sores (ulcerative lesions of the external genitalia) and five types of hemorrhoids, killing parasites.
[Invention] Wutong trees and Tong trees are originally two different species. Wutong seeds resemble peppercorns in shape; they are hot in nature and aid fire, so those with coughing and excessive phlegm should not consume them. Wutong leaves reduce swelling and toxic heat, and promote hair growth. *Shennong Bencao Jing* treats evil erosion yin sores. *Zhouhou Beiji Fang* (Emergency Prescriptions Kept Up the Sleeve) treats alopecia (hair loss) where hair does not regrow. *Yilin Zhengzong* records treatment for carbuncles and sores on the back (large as a plate), foul-smelling and rotting, unapproachable due to odor; using Wutong leaves steamed with vinegar and applied topically reduces heat and pain, gradually promoting flesh regeneration and wound closure. Wutong bark decoction treats pediatric erysipelas and malignant sores. *Shennong Bencao Jing* treats five types of hemorrhoids and kills parasites; currently, people boil the soup for fumigation and washing to treat intestinal hemorrhoids and rectal prolapse, which corresponds to the treatment of five hemorrhoids in *Shennong Bencao Jing*. Soaking the seeds in water and applying to beard and hair makes them black and lustrous, but overuse causes yellowing or reddening, verifying their fire-augmenting property.
Tong Zi (Tong Seed): Pungent, cold, toxic.
[Invention] Tong seeds are not used as food but specifically for oil extraction. They resemble poppy capsules; when ground and applied, they treat scabies, tinea, toxic swellings. To induce vomiting for wind-phlegm and throat obstruction (bi syndrome), mix Tong oil with water and sweep into the throat to induce emesis. If accidentally ingested causing vomiting, drinking wine resolves the toxicity.
Ci Tong (Thorn Acacia / Haiteng Pi): Also known as Ci Tong. Bitter, neutral, non-toxic.
[Invention] Haiteng Pi (Holt's Oak Bark) can circulate through meridians and reach the site of disease. It treats wind-dampness causing immobility of the waist and legs, stubborn blood vessel bi-syndrome, leg and knee pain, dysentery (red and white), and expels wind and kills parasites. For toothache caused by wind-calcium decay, decoct the soup for rinsing. For malnutrition-related ulcers and tinea, grind into juice for topical application. For red eyes and corneal opacity, soak in water for washing. This drug specializes in dispelling wind-dampness; combine with other herbs according to the syndrome for internal administration. Do not use if there is no wind-dampness.
Chuan Lian Shi (Toosendan Fruit / Jinlingzi): Also known as Jinlingzi; attached note mentions Kutera Root. Bitter, cold, slightly toxic. Soak in wine, steam until soft, remove skin and seeds, take the pure flesh, roll into cakes, and dry by baking.
*Shennong Bencao Jing* records it primarily treats high fever, irritability, and mania caused by warm diseases and cold damage; kills parasites and treats scabies; promotes urination via the water pathways.
[Invention] Chuan Lian Zi is bitter and cold with a descending nature; it can guide damp-heat downward through the渗道 (damp-draining pathways). People only know its efficacy in treating hernia, but do not know its function in clearing heat and relieving pain. *Shennong Bencao Jing* treats warm disease irritability and mania, utilizing its ability to guide fire toxins downward for excretion, thereby resolving confusion and irritability. The mention of "cold damage" following "warm disease" indicates that warm diseases originate from latent pathogens in winter and emerge in spring with yang qi, thus requiring bitter-cold herbs to descend and drain. Its effects of killing parasites and promoting urination generally rely on the principle that bitterness transforms heat. The ancient formula Jinling Zi San treats pain caused by heart-pericardium fire stagnation; it is also suitable for postpartum blood stasis causing heart pain, as Jinling Zi can descend rebellious fire. Yanhusuo (Corydalis Rhizome) dissipates congealed blood, surpassing Shixiao San (Fail-to-Smile Powder) in efficacy, without the risk of damaging the middle jiao with fishy/foul odors. Previously, people considered Chuan Lian Zi a specific drug for hernia abdominal pain, parasite expulsion, and diuresis. However, many cases fail because practitioners do not realize that Chuan Lian Zi treats hernias characterized by cysts, penile rigidity, numbness, and pain due to damp-heat, rather than cold hernias characterized by pain radiating to the abdomen, cold limbs, vomiting, and salivation. Although this view exceeds previous generations, it has not yet reached the profound mystery of supreme treatment. In fact, hernias and masses often result from cold binding heat pathogens, frequently causing pulling pain. It is necessary to combine the bitter-cold nature of Chuan Lian Zi with the pungent-hot nature of Huixiang (Fennel) to resolve these complex pathogens. One must also observe whether the pain radiates upward from below; if so, the remedy acts immediately. If the pain radiates downward from above, the method should be pungent-warm to dissipate nodules, and bitter-cold is not suitable. This applies to all pains, not just hernias and masses. Recently, a patient suffered from continuous bleeding from receding gums (ya xuan), unresponsive to various treatments. Someone suggested grinding Lian Shi finely, wrapping it in cotton, and inserting it into the gum pockets, which stopped the bleeding immediately. Upon reflection, how could an external treatment instantly affect internal bleeding? Placing a small amount on the tongue, the bitterness penetrated all gum tissues; given the gaps and leaks, how could it not penetrate the meridians? Kutera root treats gu poison (parasitic infection); decocting and drinking it induces immediate vomiting. It also kills parasites and treats malaria. Burning its flowers produces smoke that repels mosquitoes and flies, verifying the parasite-killing effect recorded in *Shennong Bencao Jing*.