一名赤龙皮
苦涩无毒。
发明 槲皮煎服除虫及漏恶疮甚效。能治赤白痢，肠风下血。《肘后方》治下部败烂疮
，赤龙皮散以之为君。《千金方》治附骨疽 疾及蛊毒多用之，皆取苦涩化毒也。
肉甘温，核涩无毒。治疝，取建产阔肩之核良。
发明 荔枝实气味纯阳，能散无形之滞气，瘤赘赤肿宜之。多食发热烦渴口干衄血。而
核入厥阴经行散滞气。其实双结，而核似睾丸，故治 疝囊肿，有连类象形之义。时珍治
疝气刺痛，妇人血气刺痛。小而肉似龙眼，其核尖小，仅堪醋磨疗癣，治疝无效。
俗名圆眼
甘平无毒。桂产者佳，粤东者性热不堪入药。
发明 龙眼补血益肝，同枸杞熬膏专补心脾之血。归脾汤用之，治思虑伤心脾，皆取甘
味归脾，能益人智之义。然中满家呕家勿食，为其气壅也；师尼寡妇勿用，以其能助心包之
火，与三焦之火相煽也。
一名青果
涩甘温无毒。
发明 橄榄先涩后甘，生津止渴，开胃消痰，醉饱后及寒痰结嗽宜之。热嗽不可误食。
病患多食令气上壅，以其性温而涩，聚火气于胃也。又能消酒解 鲐、河豚诸鱼鳖毒，观朱
鱼食橄榄渣即毙，能解鱼毒可知。故嚼汁咽之，能治鱼骨鲠，有效。患痘疮者宜多食，以其
解毒而助胃中温和之气，令痘起发也。又核烧灰蜜丸同黄独服能稀痘，但性专搜涤胎毒，过
服令人呕泻。婴儿初生，胡桃肉连皮三枚、橄榄核烧灰一枚、朱砂、雄黄各一分，研细，和
甘草汁、生白蜜绞去滓于乳前顿热服之，可代化毒丹。但化毒丹治胎热面赤，此治胎寒面白
，不可混也。又灰末敷金疮无瘢。生核磨水搽瘢渐灭。
槲皮，又名赤龙皮。
味苦、涩，性平，无毒。
【发明】槲皮煎服可驱除寄生虫，治疗瘘管及恶疮效果显著。能治疗赤白痢疾、肠风下血。《肘后方》治疗下部溃烂疮疡，使用以槲皮为君药的“赤龙皮散”。《千金方》治疗附骨疽及蛊毒时多用此药，都是取其苦涩之性以化解毒素。
荔枝肉味甘，性温；核味涩，性平，无毒。用于治疗疝气，选用产自建产、果实宽大饱满的荔枝核疗效较好。
【发明】荔枝果实气味纯阳，能疏散无形的滞气，适用于瘤赘、红肿等症状。多食会引起发热、烦躁、口渴、口干及鼻出血。而荔枝核入厥阴经，能行散滞气。其果实常双生结在一起，形状类似睾丸，因此治疗疝气囊肿，含有取类比象的含义。李时珍曾用其治疗疝气刺痛及妇人血气刺痛。但果实较小、果肉似龙眼且核尖小的品种，仅适合用醋磨涂治疗癣疾，治疗疝气无效。
龙眼，俗称圆眼。
味甘，性平，无毒。以广西所产者为佳，广东东部所产的性热，不堪入药。
【发明】龙眼能补血益肝，与枸杞一起熬制成膏，专门补益心脾之血。归脾汤中使用它，治疗因思虑过度损伤心脾，都是取其甘味入脾、能益智的功效。然而，中焦痞满者及呕吐者不宜食用，因为其气机壅滞；僧尼寡妇等独居者不宜使用，因为它能助长心包之火，并与三焦之火相互煽动。
橄榄，一名青果。
味涩、甘，性温，无毒。
【发明】橄榄先涩后甘，能生津止渴，开胃消痰，醉饱之后及寒痰咳嗽者适宜食用。热咳患者不可误食。病人多食会导致气机上壅，因为其性温而涩，会使火气聚集于胃中。又能解酒毒，以及鲐鱼、河豚等各种鱼鳖的毒性，看到朱鱼吃了橄榄渣就会死亡，就能知道它能解鱼毒。所以嚼碎橄榄汁液咽下，能治疗鱼骨卡喉，确有疗效。患痘疮的人宜多食，因为它能解毒并助长胃中的温和之气，促使痘疹发出。另外，将橄榄核烧成灰，用蜜丸制成药丸，配合黄独服用，能使痘疹稀疏，但其性质专门搜剔胎毒，过量服用会导致呕吐腹泻。婴儿刚出生时，可用胡桃肉连皮三枚、橄榄核烧成的灰一枚、朱砂和雄黄各一分，研细，混合甘草汁和生白蜜，绞去渣滓，在喂奶前顿服温热，可以替代化毒丹。但化毒丹治疗的是胎热面赤，此方治疗的是胎寒面白，不可混淆。此外，橄榄灰末外敷金创（金属利器造成的伤口）不留疤痕。生橄榄核磨水涂抹瘢痕，可使瘢痕逐渐消退。
Hupí (Oak Bark), also known as Chílóngpí (Red Dragon Skin).
Bitter and astringent, neutral in nature, non-toxic.
[Invention] Decoction of Hupí is effective in expelling parasites and treating fistulas and malignant sores. It can treat bloody and purulent dysentery (Chibai Li) and intestinal wind bleeding (Changfeng Xiexue). In *Zhouhou Fang* (Handbook of Prescriptions for Emergencies), the "Chilongpi San" uses Hupí as the chief ingredient to treat ulcerative sores in the lower body. In *Qianjin Fang* (Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold), it is frequently used to treat deep-seated bone abscesses (Fugu Ju) and gu poison, taking advantage of its bitter and astringent properties to resolve toxins.
The flesh is sweet and warm; the seed is astringent, neutral, and non-toxic. It treats hernia (Shan); seeds from Jianchan with broad shoulders are considered superior.
[Invention] The fruit of Litchi has pure yang qi and can dissipate formless stagnant qi, making it suitable for tumors, warts, redness, and swelling. Excessive consumption causes fever, irritability, thirst, dry mouth, and epistaxis. However, the seed enters the Jueyin Meridian and disperses stagnant qi. Since the fruit often grows in pairs and resembles testicles, its use in treating hernial cysts embodies the principle of sympathetic magic based on morphological similarity. Li Shizhen used it to treat stabbing pain from hernias and blood-stagnation pain in women. However, varieties that are small, have flesh resembling Longyan, and have sharp, small seeds are only suitable for vinegar-grinding to treat tinea; they are ineffective for treating hernias.
Longyan, commonly known as Yuanyan.
Sweet, neutral, non-toxic. Those produced in Guangxi are superior; those from eastern Guangdong are too hot in nature and unsuitable for medicinal use.
[Invention] Longyan nourishes blood and benefits the liver. When boiled into a paste with Gouqi, it specifically tonifies the blood of the Heart and Spleen. It is used in Guipi Tang to treat damage to the Heart and Spleen caused by overthinking, leveraging its sweet flavor to enter the Spleen and enhance wisdom. However, individuals with middle-jiao fullness or vomiting should avoid it due to its tendency to cause qi stagnation; nuns, monks, and widows should avoid it because it can aggravate the fire of the Pericardium and fan the flames of the Triple Burner.
Ganlan, also known as Qingguo.
Astringent and sweet, warm, non-toxic.
[Invention] Ganlan tastes astringent first and then sweet; it generates fluids, relieves thirst, opens the appetite, and resolves phlegm. It is suitable after heavy meals or for coughs caused by cold-phlegm. It should not be mistakenly consumed by those with heat-cough. Patients who consume it excessively may experience qi congestion because its warm and astringent nature gathers fire qi in the Stomach. It can also detoxify alcohol and the poisons of Tai fish, pufferfish, and other fish and shellfish; observing that Zhu fish die after eating Ganlan residue confirms its ability to resolve fish toxins. Therefore, chewing and swallowing the juice can effectively treat fish bones stuck in the throat. Patients with smallpox should consume it in moderation, as it detoxifies and aids the mild qi of the Stomach, promoting the eruption of pustules. Additionally, burning the seed to ash and forming pills with honey, taken together with Huangdu, can thin out smallpox lesions. However, its nature is specifically dedicated to sweeping out fetal toxins; excessive intake causes vomiting and diarrhea. For newborn infants, three walnuts with skin, one ash-made portion of Ganlan seed, one fen each of Zhusha (Cinnabar) and Xionghuang (Realgar), ground fine, mixed with Licorice juice and raw white honey, strained, and taken warm before breastfeeding, can substitute for Huadu Dan. However, Huadu Dan treats fetal heat with a red face, whereas this formula treats fetal cold with a pale face; they must not be confused. Furthermore, Ganlan ash applied externally to metal wounds prevents scarring. Water-ground fresh seeds applied to scars gradually diminish them.