甘温，无毒。产沙苑者，色微黑而形似羊肾。若色微绿，虽产秦中，非沙苑
也。酒蒸捣用。药肆中以一种野田开红花之土蒺藜伪充，咬之亦生豆气，但缺处有尖钩，稍
异耳。
发明 沙苑蒺藜产于潼关，得漠北之气，性降而补，益肾，治腰痛，为泄精虚劳要药，
最能固精，故聚精丸用此，佐鳔胶大有殊功。以之点汤代茶，亦甚甘美益人；但肾与膀胱偏
热者禁用，以其性温助火也。
辛温，无毒。
发明 谷精草性体轻浮，能入阳明分野，治目中诸痛甚良，而去翳尤为专药，明目退翳
之功在菊花之上，痘后生翳亦用之。此草兔性喜食，故目疾家专用，与望月砂功用不殊。
甘寒，无毒。市铺每以沙土杂入，须淘净，取浮者曝干，捻之不沾指者真。
发明 海金沙生于叶上，小肠膀胱血分药也。热伏二经血分者宜之。故小便热淋，茎痛
为要药。肾脏真阳不足者忌用。
一名水杨梅，生水边，条叶丛生似菊，茎端开黄花，实类椒，而不赤
辛温，无毒。
发明 地椒制丹砂粉霜，见庚辛《玉册纲目》名水杨梅，时珍主治疔疮肿毒。
辛平，无毒。
发明 半边莲，小草也。生阴湿塍堑边就地，细梗引蔓，节节生细叶，秋开小花，淡红
紫色，止有半边如莲花状故名。专治蛇伤，捣汁饮，以滓围之。
【沙苑蒺藜】
味甘、性温，无毒。产于沙苑地区的，颜色微黑且形状像羊肾。如果颜色微绿，即使产自秦中地区，也不是真正的沙苑蒺藜。需用酒蒸后捣碎使用。药店里有一种用野田开红花的土蒺藜（Tribulus terrestris）伪充的，咬起来也有豆子的气味，只是缺口处有尖钩，稍微有些不同罢了。
发明：沙苑蒺藜产于潼关，得漠北之气，性质沉降而具有补益作用，能益肾，治疗腰痛，是治疗遗精虚劳的要药，最能固摄精气，所以聚精丸中使用此药，配合鳔胶（鱼鳔胶），大有奇效。用它煮汤代茶饮用，也非常甘美有益于人；但是肾与膀胱偏热者禁用，因为其性温助火。
发明：谷精草药性轻浮，能进入阳明经分野，治疗眼部各种疼痛效果很好，而去翳障更是其专长药物，明目退翳的功效在菊花之上，痘疹后生翳也使用它。这种草兔子喜欢食用，所以眼科医生专门使用它，与望月砂（兔粪便）的功效没有太大差别。
【海金沙】
味甘、性寒，无毒。市面店铺常掺入沙土，必须淘洗干净，取漂浮的部分晒干，捻之不沾手指的才是真品。
发明：海金沙生于叶上，是小肠和膀胱血分的药物。热邪潜伏在这两条经络的血分中的适宜使用。因此，它是治疗小便热淋、茎部疼痛的要药。肾脏真阳不足者忌用。
【地椒（水杨梅）】
一名水杨梅，生长在水边，枝条叶子丛生像菊花，茎端开黄花，果实像花椒，但不赤色。味辛、性温，无毒。
发明：地椒可用于制作丹砂粉霜，见于庚辛《玉册纲目》，名为水杨梅，李时珍主治疔疮肿毒。
【半边莲】
味辛、性平，无毒。
发明：半边莲是一种小草。生长在阴湿的田埂沟渠边，贴近地面，细梗牵引蔓延，节节生出细叶，秋天开小花，淡红紫色，只有半边像莲花状，因此得名。专门治疗蛇伤，捣汁饮用，并将药渣敷围患处。
[Shayuan Jili] (Astragali Complanati Semen)
Sweet and warm, non-toxic. Those produced in Shayuan are slightly black in color and shaped like sheep kidneys. If the color is slightly green, even if produced in Qinzhou, it is not true Shayuan Jili. It should be steamed with wine and pounded for use. In pharmacies, a type of wild Tribulus terrestris (Di Li Zi, 蒺藜) from fields blooming with red flowers is often used as a fake; it also has a bean-like smell when bitten, but differs slightly by having sharp hooks at the broken ends.
Invention: Shayuan Jili is produced in Tongguan, absorbing the qi of the northern deserts. Its nature is descending and tonifying, benefiting the Kidney and treating lower back pain. It is an essential herb for treating seminal emission and deficiency consumptive disease, possessing the strongest ability to secure essence. Therefore, it is used in Ju Jing Wan (Accumulate Essence Pill), where combined with Biao Jiao (Ichthyocolium, 鳔胶), it yields remarkable efficacy. Brewing it as tea is also very pleasant and beneficial to people; however, it is contraindicated for those with heat in the Kidney and Bladder, as its warm nature aids fire.
[Gujing Cao] (Euphrasiae Herba)
Pungent and warm, non-toxic.
Invention: Gujing Cao has a light and floating nature, entering the Yangming channel region. It is excellent for treating various eye pains and is particularly specialized for removing nebulae. Its merit in brightening the eyes and resolving nebulae surpasses that of Ju Hua (Chrysanthemi Flos, 菊花). It is also used for nebula formation after smallpox/variolous eruptions. Since rabbits favor eating this herb, ophthalmologists specialize in its use, with functions similar to Wang Yue Sha (Leporis Faeces, 望月砂).
[Haijinsha] (Lygodii Spora)
Sweet and cold, non-toxic. Market shops often mix sand and soil into it; it must be washed clean. The floating parts should be taken and dried in the sun; the genuine product will not stick to fingers when rubbed.
Invention: Haijinsha grows on leaves and is a herb for the blood aspect of the Small Intestine and Bladder channels. It is suitable for heat latent in the blood aspect of these two meridians. Thus, it is an essential herb for treating hot strangury (Re Lin, 热淋) and penile pain. It is contraindicated for those with insufficiency of the True Yang of the Kidney.
[Dijiao / Shuiyangmei] (Satureja or related species)
Also known as Shuiyangmei (Water Bayberry). It grows by the water, with branches and leaves clustered like chrysanthemums, blooming yellow flowers at the stem tips, and fruits resembling Sichuan pepper but not red. Pungent and warm, non-toxic.
Invention: Dijiao is used to prepare Cinnabar powder and frost, as seen in Geng Xin's "Yuce Gangmu" under the name Shuiyangmei. Li Shizhen indicated its main treatment for carbuncles and toxic swellings.
[Banbianlian] (Lobeliae Chinensis Herba)
Pungent and neutral, non-toxic.
Invention: Banbianlian is a small herb. It grows near damp ditches and field ridges in shady places, creeping along the ground with thin stems and vines, producing fine leaves at each node. It blooms small flowers in autumn, pale red-purple in color. It is named so because only half resembles a lotus flower. It is specifically used to treat snakebites; juice is extracted and drunk, and the residue is applied around the wound.