辛温，小毒。
发明 清风藤入肝经气分，治风湿流注历节、鹤膝、麻痹瘙痒。同防己浸酒治风湿痹痛
，一切风病。熬膏酒服一匙，将患人身上拍一掌，其后遍身发痒不可当，急以梳梳之欲痒止
，饮冷水一口即解，风病皆愈，避风数日自安。
酸涩，有毒。
发明 藤黄性毒而能攻毒，故治虫牙蛀齿，点之即落，毒能损骨伤肾可知。
甘咸微寒，无毒。白者良。利小便生用，入补剂盐酒炒。油者伐胃伤脾，不可用
。
《本经》主风寒湿痹乳难，养五脏，益气力，肥健消水；久服耳目聪明，不饥延年。
发明 泽泻甘咸沉降，阴中之阳，入足太阳气分。《素问》治酒风身热汗出，用泽泻、
生术、麋衔，以其利膀胱湿热也。《金匮》治支饮冒眩，用泽泻汤，以逐心下痰气也。治水
蓄烦渴，小便不利，或吐，或泻，用五苓散，以泄太阳邪热也，其功长于行水。《本经》主
风寒湿痹，言风寒湿邪着不得去，则为肿胀，为癃闭，用此疏利水道，则诸证自除。盖邪干
空窍，则为乳难，为水闭。泽泻性专利窍，窍利则邪热自通，内无热郁则脏气安和，而形体
肥健矣。所以素多湿热之人，久服耳目聪明，然亦不可过用。若水道过利则肾气虚。故扁鹊
云，多服病患眼。今人治泄精多不敢用，盖为肾与膀胱虚寒而失闭藏之令，得泽泻降之，而
精愈滑矣。当知肾虚精滑，虚阳上乘而目时赤者，诚为禁剂。若湿热上盛而目肿，相火妄动
而精泄，得泽泻清之，则目肿退而精自藏矣，何禁之有。仲景八味丸用之者，乃取以泻膀胱
之邪，非接引也。古人用补药，必兼泻邪，邪去则补药得力矣。
【清风藤】
味辛、性温，有小毒。
发明：清风藤入肝经气分，治疗风湿流注引起的历节病、鹤膝风、麻痹及瘙痒。与防己一同浸泡在酒中，可治疗风湿痹痛以及各类风病。将其熬制成膏剂，用酒送服一匙，让患者在身上拍一掌，随后全身会感到难以忍受的瘙痒，急忙用梳子梳理身体以止痒，再喝一口冷水即可缓解，风病随之痊愈，此后避风数日即可平安无事。
【藤黄】
味酸、涩，性有毒。
发明：藤黄毒性大但能攻解毒邪，因此用于治疗虫牙蛀齿，点涂后牙齿即刻脱落，可知其毒性能够损伤骨骼和肾脏。
【泽泻】
味甘、咸，微寒，无毒。白色者品质优良。生用可利小便，若用于补益方剂则需用盐和酒炒制。含有油脂的泽泻会伐伤胃气、损伤脾脏，不可使用。
《神农本草经》记载：主治风寒湿痹、乳汁不通，滋养五脏，益气力，使身体肥壮健硕，消除水湿；长期服用可使耳目聪明，不感饥饿，延年益寿。
发明：泽泻味甘、咸，性质沉降，属于阴中之阳，入足太阳膀胱经气分。《素问》治疗酒风症（饮酒后身热汗出），使用泽泻、生白术、麋衔草，是因为它们能清除膀胱的湿热。《金匮要略》治疗支饮引起的头目昏眩，使用泽泻汤，是为了驱逐心下的痰饮之气。治疗水液停聚导致的烦渴、小便不利，或伴有呕吐、腹泻，使用五苓散，是为了泄除太阳经的邪热，其功效主要在于行水利尿。《神农本草经》说主治风寒湿痹，意思是风寒湿邪附着体内无法去除，就会导致肿胀、癃闭（小便不通），使用泽泻疏通水道，各种病症自然消除。大概是因为邪气侵犯空窍，导致乳汁不通、水液闭塞。泽泻性质专门善于通利窍道，窍道通畅则邪热自然通达，内部没有热邪郁结，脏腑之气就会安和，身体也就肥壮健硕了。所以平时多湿热的人，长期服用能使耳目聪明，但也不可以过度使用。如果利尿太过，会导致肾气虚弱。所以扁鹊说，多服泽泻会使患者眼睛生病。现在人们治疗遗精过多时不敢使用泽泻，这是因为肾与膀胱虚寒，失去了固摄闭藏的功能，得到泽泻的降泄作用，精气会更加滑脱流失。应当知道，如果是肾虚导致精关不固，虚阳上浮导致眼睛时常发红，这确实是泽泻的禁忌证。如果是湿热上盛导致眼睛红肿，相火妄动导致遗精，使用泽泻进行清利，那么眼肿消退，精气自然封藏，有什么禁忌呢？张仲景在八味丸中使用泽泻，是取它来泻除膀胱中的邪气，并非为了引火归元。古人使用补药时，必定兼用泻邪之药，邪气去除后，补药才能发挥效力。
[Qingfeng Teng]
Acrid, warm, slightly toxic.
Invention: Qingfeng Teng enters the Qi level of the Liver Meridian and treats rheumatic migration affecting joints (Lijie), knee deformity resembling a crane's knee (Hexi), numbness, and itching. Soaked in wine with Fangji, it treats rheumatic bi-syndrome pain and all types of wind diseases. Boiled into an ointment and taken with wine (one spoonful), followed by patting the patient's body, severe whole-body itching ensues. Urgent combing stops the itch, and drinking a mouthful of cold water resolves it; wind diseases are cured. Avoiding wind for several days ensures safety.
[Teng Huang]
Sour, astringent, toxic.
Invention: Teng Huang is highly toxic yet capable of attacking toxins; thus, it treats dental caries caused by worms, causing teeth to fall off upon application. Its toxicity can damage bones and kidneys, as is evident.
[Zexie]
Sweet, salty, slightly cold, non-toxic. The white variety is superior. Used raw to promote urination; if used in tonifying formulas, stir-fry with salt and wine. The oily variety damages stomach Qi and spleen function and should not be used.
*Shennong Bencao Jing* states: It treats wind-cold-damp bi-syndrome and difficult lactation, nourishes the five Zang organs, boosts Qi and strength, promotes robustness, and eliminates water retention. Long-term use makes ears and eyes clear, prevents hunger, and prolongs life.
Invention: Zexie is sweet and salty, with a sinking and descending nature, representing Yang within Yin. It enters the Qi level of the Foot-Taiyang (Bladder) Meridian. *Suwen* treats "Jiu Feng" (wind induced by alcohol consumption, characterized by body heat and sweating) using Zexie, Baizhu (raw), and Mixian, because they drain damp-heat from the bladder. *Jingui Yaolue* treats dizziness and vertigo caused by fluid retention (Zhiyin) using Zexie Tang to expel phlegm-fluid from below the heart. For fluid accumulation causing irritability and thirst, difficulty in urination, or vomiting and diarrhea, Wuling San is used to drain pathogenic heat from the Taiyang meridian; its primary merit lies in promoting water metabolism. *Shennong Bencao Jing* mentions treating wind-cold-damp bi-syndrome, implying that when these pathogens adhere and cannot be expelled, swelling and strangury (urinary obstruction) occur. Using this herb to unblock the water passages removes these symptoms. Generally, when pathogens invade hollow orifices, it causes difficult lactation and fluid closure. Zexie specializes in opening orifices; once open, pathogenic heat clears. Without internal heat stagnation, organ Qi harmonizes, and the body becomes robust. Thus, individuals prone to damp-heat may benefit from long-term use with clearer senses, but overuse must be avoided. Excessive diuresis depletes Kidney Qi. Hence, Bian Que stated that excessive use harms the eyes. Currently, practitioners avoid Zexie for seminal emission due to deficiency-cold of the Kidney and Bladder failing to secure essence; Zexie's descending action exacerbates leakage. However, one must recognize that for Kidney deficiency with essence slipping and deficient Yang floating upward causing red eyes, Zexie is strictly contraindicated. Conversely, for eye swelling due to excess damp-heat ascending or seminal emission due to reckless movement of ministerial fire, Zexie clears these conditions, reducing swelling and securing essence, rendering no contraindication. Zhang Zhongjing uses Zexie in Bajun Wan to drain pathogenic factors from the Bladder, not to guide fire back to its source. Ancients combined draining herbs with tonics so that removing pathogens allows tonics to take effect effectively.