一名野丈人
苦微寒，无毒。产齐鲁，苗长叶白者力优，生柴胡中短小者力薄
，得酒良。
《本经》主温疟狂猖，寒热症瘕积聚，瘿气，逐血，止腹痛，疗金疮。
发明 白头翁味苦微寒，入手足阳明血分。《本经》言苦温者，传写之误也。其治温疟
狂猖寒热等症，皆少阳、阳明热邪固结之病，结散则积血去，而腹痛止矣。《别录》止鼻衄
，弘景止毒痢，亦是热毒入伤血分之候，仲景治热痢下重，有白头翁汤。盖肾欲坚，急食苦
以坚之，痢则下焦虚，故以纯苦之剂坚之。男子阴疝偏坠，小儿秃顶，鼻衄，及热毒下痢紫
血、鲜血，用此并效。但胃虚，大便完谷不化，痢久下稀淡血水者勿服，以其苦寒降泄也。
苦辛平微寒，无毒。反乌、附。
《本经》主痈肿恶疮，败疽，伤阴死肌，胃中邪气贼风鬼击，痱缓不收。
发明 白及性涩而收，得秋金之气，故能入肺止血，生肌治疮。《本经》主败疽伤阴死
肌，皆热壅血伤，胃中邪气亦邪热也。贼风痱缓，皆血分有热，湿热伤阴所致也。其治吐血
咯血，为其性敛也。用此为末，米饮服之即止。试血法∶吐水盆内，浮者肺血，沉者肝血，
半浮半沉者心血，各随所见。以羊肺、肝、心煮熟，蘸白及末每日食之，其治金疮及痈疽方
多用之。
白头翁，又名野丈人。
味苦，性微寒，无毒。产于齐鲁地区，植株高大、叶片发白的药效较好，生长在柴胡丛中且矮小的药效较弱，用酒炮制后效果更佳。
《神农本草经》记载其主治温疟引起的狂躁发作、伴有寒热往来的症瘕积聚、瘿气（颈部肿块），能驱逐瘀血，缓解腹痛，治疗金疮（金属利器造成的创伤）。
【发明】白头翁味苦，性微寒，归手阳明大肠经和足阳明胃经的血分。《神农本草经》中记载其性“苦温”，是传抄书写时的错误。它治疗温疟狂躁、寒热往来等症状，都是因为少阳经和阳明经的热邪固结所致，热邪解散则瘀积之血去除，腹痛也就停止了。《名医别录》记载其能止鼻出血，陶弘景指出其能治毒痢，这些也都是热毒侵入并损伤血分的表现。张仲景治疗热痢伴肛门重坠感，使用了白头翁汤。大概因为肾主闭藏，喜好坚固，急需食用苦味药物来使其坚固；痢疾导致下焦虚弱，所以使用纯苦味的药剂来坚固下焦。男子阴疝偏坠（睾丸肿痛下垂）、小儿秃顶、鼻出血，以及热毒引起的下痢排出紫黑色血液或鲜红色血液，使用此药均有效。但是，如果患者胃气虚弱，大便中有未消化的食物，或者痢疾日久排出稀薄的淡色血水，则禁止服用，因为其性味苦寒，具有降泄作用。
白及，味苦、辛，性平而微寒，无毒。与乌头、附子相反。
《神农本草经》记载其主治痈肿恶疮、败疽（溃烂严重的疽病）、伤阴死肌（肌肉坏死）、胃中的邪气、贼风鬼击（突发的剧烈疼痛或中风类病症）、痱缓不收（肢体痿废无力，不能收持）。
【发明】白及性质涩滞且具有收敛作用，禀受秋季金气的特性，因此能入肺经止血，生肌长肉，治疗疮疡。《神农本草经》记载其治疗败疽、伤阴死肌，这些都是由于热邪壅盛、血液受损所致；胃中的邪气也是指邪热。贼风和痱缓无力，都是血分有热、湿热损伤阴液所导致的。它治疗吐血、咯血，是因为其性质收敛。将其研成粉末，用米汤送服即可止血。测试血液来源的方法：将吐出的血滴入水盆中，浮在水面的是肺血，沉在水底的是肝血，半浮半沉的是心血，根据所见情况分别对待。用煮熟的羊肺、羊肝、羊心蘸取白及粉末每天食用，这种治疗方法在金疮及痈疽的方剂中经常被使用。
Baitouweng, also known as Yezhangren.
Bitter in taste, slightly cold in nature, non-toxic. Produced in the Qilu region; those with tall stalks and white leaves have superior efficacy, while those growing among Bupleuri Radix (Chaihu) that are short and small have weaker efficacy. Processing with wine is beneficial.
The *Shennong Bencao Jing* records its indications for warm malaria with manic episodes, phlegm-masses and accumulations accompanied by alternating chills and fever, goiter (neck masses), expelling blood stasis, relieving abdominal pain, and treating metal-wounds.
[Invention] Baitouweng is bitter and slightly cold, entering the blood aspect of the Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian and Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian. The record in the *Shennong Bencao Jing* stating it is "bitter and warm" is a transcription error. Its treatment of warm malaria with mania, alternating chills and fever, etc., all stem from the solidification of heat pathogens in the Shaoyang and Yangming meridians. When the consolidation dissipates, the accumulated blood stasis is removed, and abdominal pain ceases. The *Mingyi Bielu* records its ability to stop epistaxis, and Tao Hongjing noted its efficacy in toxic dysentery; these are also manifestations of heat-toxin invading and damaging the blood aspect. Zhang Zhongjing used Baitouweng Tang to treat heat-dysentery with a sensation of heaviness in the anus. Generally, the Kidney desires firmness, and urgently needs bitter substances to firm it; since dysentery causes deficiency in the Lower Jiao, pure bitter agents are used to firm it. It is effective for male yin-hernia with testicular swelling and descent, pediatric alopecia capitis totalis, epistaxis, and heat-toxin-induced dysentery with purple or fresh red blood in the stool. However, it should not be taken by patients with Spleen-Stomach deficiency where undigested food appears in the stool, or where long-standing dysentery results in thin, pale bloody water discharge, because of its bitter-cold descending and purgative nature.
Baiji, bitter and acrid in taste, neutral yet slightly cold in nature, non-toxic. Incompatible with Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata (Fuzi) and Aconiti Radix (Wutou).
The *Shennong Bencao Jing* records its indications for carbuncles, malignant sores, gangrenous ulcers, damaged Yin and necrotic muscle, evil qi in the stomach, sudden wind attacks (tsze-feng), and flaccid paralysis with inability to control movement.
[Invention] Baiji has astringent and consolidating properties, inheriting the Qi of Autumn Metal, thus entering the Lung Meridian to stop bleeding, generate flesh, and treat sores. The *Shennong Bencao Jing*'s record of treating gangrenous ulcers, damaged Yin, and necrotic muscle refers to conditions caused by heat obstruction and blood injury; the evil qi in the stomach also refers to pathogenic heat. Sudden wind attacks and flaccid paralysis are caused by heat in the blood aspect and damp-heat injuring the Yin. It treats hematemesis and hemoptysis due to its astringent nature. When ground into powder and taken with rice water, it stops bleeding immediately. A method to test the source of blood: spit blood into a basin; blood floating on the surface is Lung blood, blood sinking to the bottom is Liver blood, and blood half-floating and half-sinking is Heart blood, each treated according to observation. Boiled sheep lung, liver, and heart dipped in Baiji powder can be eaten daily; this method is frequently used in formulas for metal-wounds and carbuncles.