甘微寒，无毒。筋能行血，罗去粗筋，取粉用。
《本经》主心腹膀胱寒热，利小便，止血，消瘀血。
发明 手足厥阴血分药也。故能治血，治痛。《本经》主心腹膀胱寒热，良由血结其处
，营卫不和故也。又言止血，消瘀者，以生则能行，熟则能止，与五灵脂同用，名失笑散，
治一切心腹疼痛。能破瘀积，消痈肿，去产妇儿枕痛。然胃气虚者，入口必吐，下咽则利，
以五灵脂性味浊恶也。宋度宗一夜忽舌胀满口，用蒲黄、干姜末干掺而愈，以蒲黄之凉血活
血，干姜之引火外散，深得逆从兼济之妙用。然舌根胀痛，亦有属阴虚火旺者，误用前法，
转伤津液，每致燥涩愈甚，不可不审。
苦温，无毒。
发明 苦草香窜，入足厥阴肝经，理气中之血。产后煎服，能逐恶露。但味苦伐胃，气
窜伤脑，膏梁柔脆者，服之减食作泻，过服则晚年多患头风。昔人畏多产育，以苗子三钱，
经行后曲淋酒服，则不受妊，伤血之性可知。煎汤主妇人白带。又治嗜食干茶，面黄无力，
为末，和炒芝麻，不时嚼之。
辛寒，无毒。浮水面，小而背紫者是。
《本经》主暴热身痒，下水气胜酒，长须发，止消渴。
发明 浮萍发汗胜于麻黄，下水捷于通草。恶疾疠风遍身者，浓煎浴半日多效。其性轻
浮，入肺经达皮肤，故能发扬邪汗。《本经》主暴热身痒者，专疏肌表风热也。下水气者，
兼通阳明肉理也。胜酒者，阳明通达而能去酒毒也。长须发者，毛窍利而血脉荣也。止消渴
者，经气和而津液复也。浮萍为祛风专药。去风丹，用紫背浮萍为末，蜜丸，弹子大，豆淋
酒下一丸。治大风癞风，一切有余，风湿香港脚及三十六种风皆验。而元气本虚人服之，未有
不转增剧者。至于表虚自汗者，尤为戈戟。
蒲黄：味甘，性微寒，无毒。使用时需去除筋络，筛去粗硬的筋，只取粉末入药。
《神农本草经》记载其主治心、腹、膀胱部位的寒热病症，通利小便，止血，消除瘀血。
【发明】蒲黄是手足厥阴经血分的药物。因此能治疗血证和疼痛。《神农本草经》说它主治心腹膀胱的寒热，这确实是因为血液结聚在这些部位，导致营卫之气不和的缘故。又说它能止血、消瘀，是因为生蒲黄能行血，熟蒲黄能止血。若与五灵脂同用，名为“失笑散”，可治疗各种心腹疼痛。它能破除瘀积，消散痈肿，去除产妇因胎儿遗留物引起的腹痛（儿枕痛）。然而，胃气虚弱的人服用后，入口必吐，咽下则腹泻，这是因为五灵脂气味浊恶的缘故。宋度宗曾有一夜突然舌体肿胀充满口腔，使用蒲黄和干姜研成的细末直接撒敷而痊愈，这是利用了蒲黄凉血活血、干姜引火外散的妙处，深得逆治与从治兼济的奥妙。但是，舌根胀痛也有属于阴虚火旺类型的，如果误用前面的方法，反而会损伤津液，往往导致干燥涩滞更加严重，不可不仔细审察。
苦草：味苦，性温，无毒。
【发明】苦草香气窜透，入足厥阴肝经，能调理气分中的血。产后煎服，能驱逐恶露。但因其味苦会损伤胃气，气机窜动会伤脑，对于饮食精细、体质柔脆的人，服用后会减少食欲并引起腹泻，过量服用则晚年多患头风病。古人畏惧多产，用苦草苗子三钱，在月经结束后用曲酒淋制后服用，就能避免怀孕，由此可知其伤血的性质。煎汤可治疗妇女白带。又用于治疗嗜好饮用浓茶导致的面色萎黄、无力，将其研为细末，与炒芝麻混合，随时咀嚼即可。
水萍（浮萍）：味辛，性寒，无毒。漂浮在水面，叶片小而背面呈紫色的是正品。
《神农本草经》记载其主治突发发热伴身体瘙痒，利水气胜过酒，促进须发生长，止消渴症。
【发明】浮萍的发汗作用胜于麻黄，利水作用快于通草。患有严重恶疾如疠风遍布全身者，浓煎后洗浴半天大多有效。其性质轻浮，入肺经达皮肤，因此能发散邪气之汗。《神农本草经》说它主治突发发热身体瘙痒，专门疏解肌表的风热。利水气，是因为兼通阳明经的肉理。胜酒毒，是因为阳明经通达从而能去除酒毒。促进须发生长，是因为毛窍通畅而血脉充盈。止消渴，是因为经气调和而津液恢复。浮萍是祛风的专药。“去风丹”用紫背浮萍研末，蜂蜜为丸，大小如弹子，用豆淋酒送服一丸。治疗大风癞风、一切有余之邪、风湿脚气及三十六种风症皆有效。但对于元气本已虚弱的人服用，没有不使病情加重的。至于表虚自汗的人，更是如同遭受戈戟攻击一样有害。
Puhuang (Lygodii Spora): Sweet, slightly cold, non-toxic. When used, remove the veins, sift out the coarse fibers, and use only the powder.
*Shennong Bencao Jing* states it treats cold-heat in the heart, abdomen, and bladder, promotes urination, stops bleeding, and resolves blood stasis.
[Invention] Puhuang is a herb for the blood aspect of the Hand and Foot Jueyin meridians. Therefore, it can treat blood disorders and pain. The statement in *Shennong Bencao Jing* regarding the treatment of cold-heat in the heart, abdomen, and bladder is indeed due to blood accumulation in these areas, causing disharmony of Ying (Nutritive) and Wei (Defensive) Qi. It also states that it stops bleeding and resolves stasis because raw Puhuang promotes blood circulation, while processed Puhuang stops bleeding. When used together with Wulingzhi (Trogopteri Dung), it is named Shixiao San (Laughter Powder), which treats all kinds of heart and abdominal pain. It can break up blood stasis accumulations, dissipate carbuncles and swellings, and relieve postpartum abdominal pain caused by retained fetal remnants (Erzhen Tong). However, individuals with deficient Stomach Qi will vomit upon ingestion and suffer diarrhea after swallowing, due to the turbid and foul nature of Wulingzhi. Emperor Duzong of Song once suddenly experienced tongue swelling filling his mouth; he was cured by applying a mixture of powdered Puhuang and Ganjiang (Dried Ginger) directly to the area. This utilized the cooling and blood-invigorating properties of Puhuang and the ability of Ganjiang to draw fire outward, deeply embodying the subtle application of combining contrary and compliant treatments. Nevertheless, swelling and pain at the root of the tongue may also belong to Yin deficiency with hyperactive Fire. Misusing the aforementioned method would further damage body fluids, often leading to increased dryness and stiffness, so careful examination is indispensable.
Kugao (Bitter Grass): Bitter, warm, non-toxic.
[Invention] Kugao has an aromatic and penetrating scent, entering the Foot Jueyin Liver Meridian, regulating blood within the Qi aspect. Decocted and taken after childbirth, it expels lochia (Elu). However, its bitter taste damages Stomach Qi, and its penetrating Qi movement harms the brain. For those with delicate constitutions accustomed to rich foods, taking it reduces appetite and causes diarrhea; excessive consumption leads to frequent headaches (Toufeng) in later years. In the past, people feared multiple births and used three qian of Kugao seedlings, prepared with Qu wine after menstruation, to prevent conception, revealing its blood-damaging nature. Decoction treats leukorrhea in women. It is also used to treat yellow complexion and weakness caused by excessive consumption of strong tea: grind into powder, mix with roasted sesame seeds, and chew occasionally.
Fuping (Mare's Tail / Floating Duckweed): Pungent, cold, non-toxic. Those floating on the water surface, small in size with purple backs are authentic.
*Shennong Bencao Jing* states it treats sudden fever with body itching, promotes water metabolism more effectively than wine, promotes hair growth, and stops Xiao Ke (Wasting and Thirsting syndrome).
[Invention] Fuping’s diaphoretic effect surpasses that of Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba), and its diuretic action is faster than Tongcao (Akebiae Caulis). For severe diseases like Leprosy covering the whole body, thick decoction baths for half a day are often effective. Its nature is light and floating, entering the Lung Meridian and reaching the skin, thus able to disperse pathogenic sweat. The statement in *Shennong Bencao Jing* regarding treating sudden fever and itching specifically disperses Wind-Heat from the muscle layer. Promoting water metabolism involves unblocking the flesh layers of the Yangming Meridian. Overcoming alcohol toxicity occurs because Yangming Meridian patency allows for the removal of alcohol toxins. Promoting hair growth happens because hair follicles become open and blood vessels flourish. Stopping Xiao Ke occurs because meridian Qi harmonizes and body fluids restore. Fuping is a specialized herb for dispelling Wind. "Qufeng Dan" uses powdered Zibei Fuping (Purple-backed Floating Duckweed), formed into pills the size of bullet seeds with honey, taken one pill with Doulin Wine (wine soaked with soybeans). It is effective for severe Wind-Leprosy, all excess syndromes, Wind-Damp Bi syndrome affecting the legs, and thirty-six types of Wind disorders. However, for those with originally deficient Yuan Qi, taking it invariably worsens the condition. For individuals with exterior deficiency and spontaneous sweating, it is particularly harmful, akin to being attacked by halberds.