微寒有毒。其种类不一，惟用悬网者入药。
发明 仲景治阴狐疝气，偏有大小，时时上下者，蜘蛛散主之，以其入肝，性善循丝上
下，故取以治睾丸上下之病。《别录》治大人、小儿 疝，又治干霍乱，服之能令人利，其
邪得以下泄也。捣汁涂蛇伤效。
无毒。
发明 生壁间似蜘蛛而形扁，其膜色白如钱故名。治鼻衄及金疮出血不止，取虫汁注鼻
中及点疮上。同人中白等分，烧研治疳，又治喉痹。
辛平有毒。被螫者以木碗合之即愈。去毒及足用，亦有独用其尾者，其功尤捷，滚
醋泡去咸，炒干用。
发明 蝎产于东方，色青属木，治厥阴诸风掉眩，及小儿胎惊发搐，最为要药。左半身
不遂，口眼 斜，语言謇涩，手足抽掣，疟疾寒热，耳聋无闻，疝气带下，无不用之。蝎尾
膏治胎发惊搐，用蝎梢二十一枚、麝香少许屡效。东垣治月事不调，寒热带下，有丁香柴胡
汤，方用羌活、柴胡、当归、生地、丁香、全蝎，盖取以散血分之风热耳。
咸苦平有毒。水蛭是小长色黄，挑之易断者，勿误用泥蛭头圆身阔者，服之令人
眼中如生烟，渐至枯损。凡用水蛭，曝干，猪油熬黑，令研极细，倘炙不透虽为末，经年得
水犹活，入腹尚能复生。凡用须预先熬黑，以少许置水中七日内不活者，方可用之。
《本经》逐恶血瘀血月闭，破血瘕积聚，无子，利水道。
发明 咸走血，苦胜血，水蛭之咸苦以除蓄血，乃肝经血分药，故能通肝经聚血，攻一
切恶血聚积。《本经》言无子，是言因血瘕积聚而无子也。《别录》云堕胎，性劣可知。昔
人饮水误食水蛭，腹痛面黄，饮泥浆水数碗乃得下，盖蛭性喜泥，得土气随出，或用牛羊热
血同猪脂饮亦下，或以梅浆水多饮则蛭溶化而出也。
【水蛭】
味微寒，有毒。其种类不一，只有用悬网捕捉的才入药。
发明：张仲景治疗阴狐疝气，表现为睾丸偏大偏小、时时上下移动的症状，用蜘蛛散主治。因为蜘蛛入肝经，习性善于顺着丝线上下爬行，所以取此特性来治疗睾丸上下移动的病症。《名医别录》记载能治疗大人和小儿的疝气，又能治疗干霍乱，服用后能使人腹泻，使邪气得以从下排出。捣成汁液涂抹在蛇咬伤处有效。
【土鳖虫】（注：原文虽未直接出现“土鳖”二字，但描述“生壁间似蜘蛛而形扁...故名”及功效对应中药“土鳖虫”，此处依原文直译）
无毒。
发明：生长在墙壁缝隙中，形状像蜘蛛但身体扁平，其膜色白如铜钱，因此得名。治疗鼻出血以及刀斧创伤出血不止，取虫体汁液滴入鼻腔及点涂在伤口上。与人中白等量混合，烧存性研末，治疗小儿疳积，又治疗喉痹。
【全蝎】
味辛，性平，有毒。被蝎子螫伤的人，用木碗扣住患处即可痊愈。去掉毒刺及足部使用，也有单独使用蝎尾的，药效尤其快捷。用滚醋浸泡以去除咸味，炒干后使用。
发明：蝎子产于东方，颜色青属木，是治疗厥阴经各种风证引起的头晕目眩，以及小儿胎惊抽搐的最重要药物。半身不遂（左侧），口眼歪斜，语言謇涩，手足抽搐，疟疾寒热往来，耳聋听不见声音，疝气带下，没有不用的。蝎尾膏治疗胎发惊搐，用蝎梢二十一枚、少许麝香，屡见疗效。李东垣治疗月经不调，寒热夹杂的带下病，有丁香柴胡汤，方中使用羌活、柴胡、当归、生地、丁香、全蝎，大概是取其疏散血分中风热的功效。
【水蛭】
味咸、苦，性平，有毒。水蛭是小长条状、颜色黄、挑动时容易断开的，不要误用头圆身宽的泥蛭，服用泥蛭会让人眼中感觉像冒出热气，逐渐导致眼睛枯损。凡是用到的水蛭，要晒干，用猪油熬至黑色，研磨得极细。如果炙烤不透，即使磨成粉，遇到水多年后仍能复活，进入腹部还能重新生长。凡是使用的水蛭，必须预先熬黑，取少量放在水中，七日内不能复活的，才可以用来入药。《神农本草经》记载能驱逐恶血瘀血导致的闭经，破除血瘕积聚，治疗因瘀血导致的无子症，通利水道。
发明：咸味入血分，苦味能胜血，水蛭的咸苦之性可以消除蓄积的瘀血，是肝经血分的药物，所以能疏通肝经聚积的血液，攻逐一切恶血聚积。《神农本草经》说的“无子”，是指因血瘕积聚而导致的不孕症。《名医别录》说能堕胎，可知其药性猛烈。过去有人喝水误食了水蛭，腹痛面黄，喝了几碗泥浆水后才排出来，大概是因为水蛭喜欢泥土，得到土气后就随大便排出；或者用牛羊热血同猪脂一起饮用也能排出；或者多喝梅浆水，水蛭就会溶解排出。
[Spider]
Taste: Slightly cold; Toxicity: Toxic. There are various species, but only those caught using suspended nets are used in medicine.
Innovation: Zhang Zhongjing treated Yin Hu Hernia (Yin Fox Hernia), characterized by testicles of unequal size and frequent up-and-down movement, with Zhizhu San (Spider Powder). This is because the spider enters the Liver meridian and has the nature of climbing up and down along silk threads; thus, it is used to treat diseases involving the up-and-down movement of the testicles. *Bie Lu* (Recorded in the Separate Classic) states it treats hernias in adults and children, and also treats Gan Huoluan (Dry Cholera); taking it induces diarrhea, allowing pathogenic factors to be discharged downward. Crushed juice applied topically is effective for snakebites.
[Turtle Beetle / Earthworm-like Insect]
Toxicity: Non-toxic.
Innovation: It lives in wall crevices, resembles a spider but has a flat body, and its membrane is white like a coin, hence the name. It treats epistaxis (nosebleed) and continuous bleeding from traumatic wounds; the insect's juice is instilled into the nose or applied to the wound. Mixed in equal parts with Renzhongbai (Human Tooth Fossil), calcined and powdered, it treats infant malnutrition (Gan syndrome) and also treats Hou Bi (sore throat/obstruction).
[Scorpion]
Taste: Pungent; Nature: Neutral; Toxicity: Toxic. For scorpion stings, covering the affected area with a wooden bowl cures it immediately. Remove the venom sac and legs before use. Some use only the tail, which is even more potent. Soak in boiling vinegar to remove saltiness, then stir-fry until dry for use.
Innovation: Scorpions originate from the East, are green in color corresponding to Wood, and are essential herbs for treating Wind syndromes of the Jueyin meridian causing dizziness and tremors, as well as fetal convulsions and spasms in infants. They are used for hemiplegia on the left side, facial paralysis (deviation of mouth and eyes), dysarthria, limb spasms, malaria with alternating chills and fever, deafness, hernia, and leukorrhea. Xiewei Gao (Scorpion Tail Ointment) treats fetal hair-induced convulsions; using 21 scorpion tails and a small amount of Musk has proven effective repeatedly. Li Dongyuan treated irregular menstruation with mixed cold-heat leukorrhea using Dingxiang Chaihu Tang (Clove and Bupleurum Decoction), which contains Qianghuo, Chaihu, Danggui, Shengdi, Dingxiang, and Quanxie (Whole Scorpion), aiming to disperse Wind-Heat in the Blood level.
[Leech]
Taste: Salty, Bitter; Nature: Neutral; Toxicity: Toxic. The medicinal leech is small, elongated, yellowish, and breaks easily when prodded. Do not mistakenly use the mud leech, which has a round head and broad body; ingesting it causes a sensation of smoke rising in the eyes, gradually leading to ocular atrophy and damage. When using leeches, sun-dry them, simmer in pork lard until black, and grind extremely fine. If not thoroughly roasted, even if powdered, they may revive after years upon contact with water and can regenerate inside the abdomen. Therefore, leeches must be pre-roasted until black; test a small amount in water; if it does not revive within seven days, it is safe to use. *Ben Jing* (Shennong's Classic) records that it expels evil blood and stasis, treats amenorrhea, breaks blood masses and accumulations, treats infertility due to stasis, and promotes urination.
Innovation: Salty flavors enter the Blood level, and bitter flavors overcome Blood. The salty and bitter nature of leeches eliminates accumulated blood stasis; it is a herb for the Liver meridian Blood level, so it can unblock stagnant blood in the Liver meridian and attack all accumulations of evil blood. *Ben Jing*'s mention of "infertility" refers to infertility caused by blood masses and accumulations. *Bie Lu* states it induces abortion, revealing its harsh nature. In the past, someone who accidentally swallowed a leech while drinking water suffered abdominal pain and a sallow complexion; drinking several bowls of muddy water allowed the leech to pass out, likely because leeches favor mud and exit with the earthy qi. Alternatively, drinking warm blood from cattle or sheep mixed with pork lard could expel it, or drinking large amounts of plum syrup would dissolve the leech for excretion.