即酢，一名苦酒
酸寒，无毒。凡制肝药，用为引导。
发明 醋名苦酒，专取米酿成者，味带酸苦，若酒饴所造则兼酸甜矣。然酒之与饴总皆
米制，但功力稍逊耳。宗 曰，米醋比诸醋最酽，入药多用，谷气全也。仲景少阴病咽中伤
生疮不能语言，声不出者，苦酒汤主之。内有半夏之辛，以发声音，鸡子之甘以缓咽痛，苦
酒之酸以敛咽疮也。调敷药则消痈肿，制药味则敛毒性；诸恶狂妄，及产后血晕，烧炭淬醋
，以辟恶气也。北人感冒风寒，用酸汤胡椒鸡面热食，汗之则愈，以北方素鲜生发之气，但
取以助方宜之不足，则邪自不能为虐耳。东南木气用事，肝火易动，诸病皆当忌食，醋喜入
肝，酸寒收敛，病邪得之，难于发泄耳。
糟，烧酒
辛甘大热。新者有毒，陈者无毒。味甜者曰无灰酒，方可入药。
发明 酒严冬不冰，其气悍以侵明，其性热而升走，醉后则体软神昏，振寒战栗。《本
草》止云有毒，不知其温中发热近于相火也。酒类多种，酝酿各异，甘苦悬殊。甘者性醇，
苦者性烈。然必陈久为胜。其色红者，能通血脉，养脾胃。色白者，则升清气益肺胃。至于
扶肝气，悦颜色，行药势，辟寒气。其助火邪，资痰湿之性则一。醉当风卧成恶风，醉浴冷
水成痹痛，醉饱饮水成癖积，皆宜切慎。豆淋酒以黑豆炒焦，红酒淋之，破血去风，治男子
中风口 ，阴毒腹痛，及小便尿血，妇人产后一切诸证。烧酒，一名火酒，又名气酒，与火
同性，得火则燃。其治阴寒腹痛最捷，然臭毒发沙，误用立毙。又入盐少许，治冷气心痛，
下咽则安。其性大热，与姜蒜同饮，令人生痔。糟性最助湿热，病水气浮肿，劳嗽吐血人忌
食。惟罨扑损，行瘀止痛，及浸水洗冻疮，敷蛇咬、蜂叮毒有效。
即酢，又名苦酒。
味酸、性寒，无毒。凡是配制治疗肝脏疾病的药物，用它作为引经药（引导药力直达病所）。
【发明】
醋被称为“苦酒”，专门选取用米酿造的，味道带有酸苦；如果是用酒和饴糖制造的，则兼有酸甜的味道。然而，酒与饴糖总归都是米制品，只是药效稍弱罢了。宗氏说，米醋比其他的醋最浓烈，入药多用，因为保留了完整的谷气。张仲景治疗少阴病咽喉受伤生疮、不能说话、声音发不出来的情况，用苦酒汤主治。方中有半夏的辛味，用来宣发声音；鸡蛋黄的甘味，用来缓解咽痛；苦酒的酸味，用来收敛咽喉部的疮疡。用于调敷外用药时，能消除痈肿；制药时加入，能收敛药物的毒性；对于各种恶毒狂妄之症，以及产后血晕，将物品烧成炭后浸入醋中，可以辟除恶气。北方人感冒风寒，用酸汤、胡椒、鸡肉、面条做热食，发汗后即可痊愈，这是因为北方平时缺乏生发之气，借此以辅助当地气候条件的不足，邪气自然就不能作乱了。东南地区木气当令，肝火容易妄动，各种疾病都应当忌食醋，因为醋喜好进入肝脏，其性酸寒收敛，病邪遇到它，难以发散排出。
酒糟，烧酒
味辛、甘，性大热。新酿的酒有毒，陈年的酒无毒。味道甜的称为“无灰酒”，才可以入药。
【发明】
酒在严冬也不会结冰，它的性质刚悍且向上向外侵袭，其性热而升散走窜，醉酒后身体软弱、神志昏沉，怕冷战栗。《本草》只说它有毒，不知道它的温中发热作用接近于相火。酒类品种繁多，酿造方法各异，甘甜与苦涩差别很大。味甘的性味醇厚，味苦的性味猛烈。但一定要陈放久远的才最好。颜色红的酒，能疏通血脉，滋养脾胃；颜色白的酒，能提升清气，补益肺胃。至于扶持肝气，美容悦色，推动药势运行，驱散寒气方面，效果显著。但它助长火邪、滋生痰湿的性质是一致的。醉酒时吹着风睡觉会形成恶风症，醉酒时用冷水洗澡会形成痹痛，醉酒饱食后饮水会形成癖积，这些都应当特别谨慎。豆淋酒是将黑豆炒焦，用红酒淋浇而成，能破血祛风，治疗男子中风牙关紧闭、阴毒腹痛，以及小便尿血，妇人产后各种病症。烧酒，一名火酒，又名气酒，与火的性质相同，遇火则燃烧。它治疗阴寒腹痛最为快捷，但如果误用会导致臭毒发作、沙证恶化，错误使用会立即致死。又加入少许盐，可以治疗冷气心痛，喝下去就能安定。烧酒性大热，如果与姜、蒜同饮，会让人患上痔疮。酒糟的性质最能助长湿热，患有水气浮肿、劳嗽吐血的人忌食。只有用于外敷跌打损伤，行瘀止痛，以及浸泡水洗冻疮，敷治蛇咬、蜂蛰中毒时才有效。
Zuo (Vinegar), also known as Kujiu (Bitter Wine).
Acidic and cold in nature, non-toxic. When preparing herbs for treating the Liver, it is used as a guiding herb (a substance that directs the action of other drugs to a specific part of the body or channel).
[Invention/Commentary]
Vinegar is named "Kujiu" (Bitter Wine); specifically, the variety brewed from rice is preferred, possessing an acidic and bitter taste. If manufactured with wine and maltose (Yi), it possesses both sweet and sour flavors. However, since both wine and maltose are derived from rice, their medicinal efficacy is slightly inferior. Zong stated that rice vinegar is the strongest among all vinegars and is most commonly used in medicine because it retains the complete Qi of grains. Zhang Zhongjing treated Shaoyin disease characterized by throat injury, ulceration, inability to speak, and loss of voice, prescribing Kujiu Tang (Bitter Wine Decoction). The formula contains Banxia (Pinellia Rhizome) for its pungency to restore voice; Jidanhuang (Egg Yolk) for its sweetness to soothe throat pain; and Kujiu (Vinegar) for its acidity to astringe throat ulcers. When used to mix external applications, it reduces carbuncles and swellings; when used in processing herbs, it mitigates toxicity. For various malignant delirium and postpartum blood syncope, burning materials to charcoal and quenching them in vinegar can dispel evil Qi. In the North, where people contract Wind-Cold, consuming hot food made with sour soup, pepper, chicken, and noodles induces sweating and leads to recovery. This is because the North generally lacks the Qi of growth and dispersion; this method supplements the local climatic deficiency, preventing pathogenic factors from causing harm. In the Southeast, Wood Qi prevails, making Liver Fire prone to agitation; thus, vinegar should be avoided in various diseases. Vinegar tends to enter the Liver; being acidic, cold, and astringent, it hinders the expulsion of pathogens.
Jiucao (Wine Lees), Shaojiu (Distilled Liquor).
Pungent, sweet, and intensely hot in nature. New liquor is toxic, while aged liquor is non-toxic. Only "Wuhui Jiu" (Ash-free Wine), which tastes sweet, is suitable for medicinal use.
[Invention/Commentary]
Liquor does not freeze even in severe winter. Its Qi is vigorous and invasive, its nature is hot and ascending/dispersing. After intoxication, the body becomes weak, consciousness clouded, accompanied by aversion to cold and trembling. *Bencao* only states it is toxic, failing to recognize that its warming effect on the middle jiao and generation of heat resembles Ministerial Fire (Xiang Huo). There are many types of liquor with varying fermentation methods, resulting in significant differences between sweet and bitter varieties. Sweet liquors have a mellow nature, while bitter ones are potent. However, aged liquor is superior. Red-colored liquor can unblock blood vessels and nourish the Spleen and Stomach. White-colored liquor ascends clear Yang and benefits the Lungs and Stomach. Regarding supporting Liver Qi, beautifying complexion, promoting the action of medicines, and dispelling cold, it is effective. However, its tendency to aid Fire pathogens and generate Phlegm-Dampness remains consistent. Sleeping in the wind after intoxication leads to Wind-aversion syndrome; bathing in cold water while drunk leads to Bi-syndrome (painful obstruction); drinking water after drunken overeating leads to accumulation syndromes (Pi Ji). These must be strictly avoided. Doulun Jiu (Bean-dripping Wine) is made by frying black beans until charred and pouring red wine over them. It breaks blood stasis and expels Wind, treating male facial paralysis (mouth deviation), Yin-Toxin abdominal pain, hematuria, and various postpartum conditions in women. Shaojiu (Distilled Liquor), also known as Huojiu (Fire Liquor) or Qijiou (Qi Liquor), shares the nature of fire and ignites upon contact with flame. It is most rapid in treating Yin-Cold abdominal pain. However, misuse causes toxic eruptions and Sand-syndrome exacerbation, potentially leading to immediate death. Adding a small amount of salt treats Cold-Qi Heart Pain, providing relief upon ingestion. Due to its intense heat, consuming it with ginger and garlic can induce hemorrhoids. Wine Lees strongly assist Damp-Heat; they are contraindicated for patients with Edema due to Water-Qi or Tuberculous Cough with Hemoptysis. They are only effective externally for compressing contusions, moving blood stasis to relieve pain, soaking wounds for frostbite, and applying to snake bites or bee stings.