即野鸡
甘酸温小毒。
发明 埤雅云，蛇交雉则生蜃，蜃为雉入大水所化。推其变化之源，必由异气所感。《
水经》云，蛇雉遗卵于地而为蛟，其卵遇雷则入地，不遇雷则仍为雉，于此可悟其化蜃，总
由灵蛇之性未泯，不得山灵之气，遂其飞腾，则得沧溟之气，恣其吞吐，是与虹霓奚择哉。
《别录》言其补中益气力，止泄痢，除蚁 。此指寻常之雉而言。《千金》以之治蚁 ，因
其喜于食蚁，乃用以制之也。《周礼》包人供六禽，雉是其一，亦食品之贵。然有毒，不可
常食，有病患尤非所宜。而春夏不可食者，以其食虫蚁也。时珍曰，雉属离火，鸡属巽木，
故煮鸡则冠变，煮雉则冠红。火性暴烈，发痔发疮，与家鸡子同食令人发疰，周身疼痛，为
患种种，恶得谓之无毒乎？
酸甘平无毒。种类有四，小而纯黑者为乌，大嘴而腹下白者为鸦，并入药用；其
项白而大者为燕乌，嘴赤而小者为山乌，皆不入药。
发明 慈乌反哺，性禀孝慈。《嘉 》虽有补劳治瘦之功，骨蒸羸弱咳嗽之治，然血
肉之中岂无他味，而忍伤孝慈之物哉。乌鸦嘴大贪戾伤生，时珍取治暗风痫疾，劳伤吐血咳
嗽，杀虫等病，专取搜逐风毒之用，与慈乌之调补虚羸，各有仁慈刚暴之用。奚啻天渊。
鹊重巢
甘寒无毒。
发明 鹊性灵慧，能知吉凶，观其营巢开户必背太岁而向太乙，非鹁鸠之可比，《别录
》用之为下石淋专药，以其鸣必掉尾，取其周身之气悉向下通也。藏器有云，烧灰淋汁饮汁
，令人淋石自下。苏颂言，妇人不可食，以其相视而通音感而孕也。其脑烧之入酒同饮，令
人相思。苏颂之说得非缘此。鹊重巢，《日华》取多年者烧之，疗癫狂鬼魅及蛊毒，仍呼祟
物名号，亦敷 疮。《千金》治妇人难产，取多年生育相安之义。
【背景信息】
书名：本经逢原 作者：张璐 朝代：清 章节：雉 / 乌鸦 / 鹊 类别：综合
【待处理原文】
即野鸡。
味甘、酸，性温，有小毒。
发明（对药物功效的阐发）：《埤雅》记载，蛇与野鸡交配则产生蜃（大蛤），蜃是野鸡进入大水后变化而成的。推究其变化的根源，必定是由异气感应所致。《水经注》说，蛇和野鸡遗卵在地上便化为蛟，这些卵遇到雷声就潜入地下，不遇到雷声则仍然孵化为野鸡，从这里可以领悟到它们化身为蜃，总归是因为灵蛇的本性未灭，未能得到山岳灵气以助其飞腾，于是得到沧海之气，肆意吞吐，这与虹霓的形成有何区别呢？《名医别录》说它能补中益气力，止泄痢，除蚁疾。这是指寻常的野鸡而言。《千金方》用它来治疗蚁疾，因为野鸡喜欢吃蚂蚁，所以是用它来制约蚂蚁。《周礼》中包人供奉六种禽类，野鸡是其中之一，也是珍贵的食品。然而它有毒素，不可经常食用，有病患的人尤其不适合吃。而且春夏季节不可食用，因为它吃虫蚁。李时珍说，野鸡属离火，鸡属巽木，所以煮鸡时鸡冠会变色，煮野鸡时鸡冠变红。火性暴烈，会导致痔疮和疮疡发作，与家鸡子同食会让人感染疰病（一种具有传染性的慢性虚弱性疾病），周身疼痛，危害种种，怎么能说是无毒呢？
味酸、甘，性平，无毒。种类有四类，体型小且纯黑的是乌，嘴大且腹部白色的是鸦，都入药使用；颈部白色且体型大的是燕乌，嘴红色且体型小的是山乌，都不入药。
发明：慈乌（乌鸦的一种）有反哺行为，禀赋孝慈之性。《嘉祐本草》虽然记载它有补劳治瘦的功效，能治疗骨蒸羸弱咳嗽，但血肉之中难道没有其他味道吗？怎么忍心伤害这种孝顺慈爱的生物呢？乌鸦嘴大贪婪凶戾，伤害生命，李时珍取用乌鸦治疗暗风痫疾（癫痫）、劳伤吐血咳嗽、杀虫等病，专门取其搜逐风毒的作用，这与慈乌调理补益虚弱的功效相比，各有仁慈与刚暴的用途，相差何止天渊之别。
鹊重巢（喜鹊筑巢重叠）
味甘、寒，无毒。
发明：鹊性灵慧，能预知吉凶，观察它们营建巢穴开启门户，一定背对太岁星而面向太乙星，这不是鹁鸠（斑鸠）所能比的，《名医别录》用它作为治疗石淋（泌尿系结石）的专药，因为喜鹊鸣叫时必摇动尾巴，取其周身之气全部向下通畅的意思。陈藏器说，将鹊烧成灰，用水淋取汁液饮用，能让体内的结石自然排出。苏颂说，妇女不可食用喜鹊，因为它们互相注视并通过声音感应而受孕。喜鹊的脑烧成灰后加入酒中同饮，能让人产生相思之情。苏颂的说法可能源于此。鹊重巢，《日华子本草》取多年筑巢的鹊烧制，治疗癫狂鬼魅及蛊毒，仍呼唤祟物的名号，也能敷贴疮疡。《千金方》治疗妇人难产，取多年生育相安的含义。
[Background Information]
Book: Benjing Fengyuan (Supplement to the Divine Farmer's Materia Medica)
Author: Zhang Lu
Dynasty: Qing
Chapter: Pheasant / Crow / Magpie
Category: Comprehensive
[Original Text Processing]
That is, wild pheasant.
Sweet and sour in taste, warm in nature, with slight toxicity.
Invention (Elaboration on medicinal efficacy): *Piya* records that when a snake mates with a pheasant, a clam (large shellfish) is produced; the clam is transformed from the pheasant after entering large bodies of water. Tracing the source of this transformation, it must be caused by the influence of disparate qi. *Shuijing Zhu* states that snakes and pheasants lay eggs on the ground which transform into dragons; these eggs, if exposed to thunder, sink into the earth, but if not exposed to thunder, they still hatch into pheasants. From this, one can realize that their transformation into clams stems from the unextinguished nature of the spiritual snake, failing to receive the qi of mountains to facilitate flight, thus receiving the qi of the vast ocean to breathe freely. What difference is there between this and the formation of rainbows? *Mingyi Bie Lu* states that it tonifies the middle, boosts qi and strength, stops diarrhea and dysentery, and eliminates ant-related ailments. This refers to ordinary pheasants. *Qianjin Fang* uses it to treat ant-related ailments because pheasants like to eat ants, so it is used to counteract them. In *Zhou Li*, the Bao Ren offers six types of poultry, among which the pheasant is one, making it a precious food item. However, it contains toxins and should not be consumed frequently; it is particularly unsuitable for those who are ill. Moreover, it should not be eaten in spring and summer because it consumes insects and ants. Li Shizhen said that pheasants belong to Li Fire, while chickens belong to Xun Wood; therefore, when cooking chicken, the comb changes color, but when cooking pheasant, the comb turns red. The nature of fire is violent and can trigger hemorrhoids and sores. Eating it together with domestic chicken eggs can cause infection with Zhudisease (a contagious chronic wasting disease), resulting in whole-body pain and various other harms. How can it be called non-toxic?
Sour and sweet in taste, neutral in nature, non-toxic. There are four species: small and pure black ones are crows (*Wu*), and those with large beaks and white bellies are jackdaws (*Ya*); both are used medicinally. Those with white necks and large bodies are swallow-crows (*Yanwu*), and those with red beaks and small bodies are mountain crows (*Shanwu*); neither is used medicinally.
Invention: Ciwu (a type of crow) exhibits filial piety by feeding its parents back, inheriting a nature of filial piety and kindness. Although *Jiayou Bencao* records its efficacy in treating exhaustion and emaciation, and curing bone-steaming weakness and coughing, does flesh and blood not contain other flavors? How could one bear to harm such a filial and kind creature? Jackdaws have large beaks, are greedy and vicious, causing harm to life. Li Shizhen used jackdaws to treat dark wind epilepsy (epilepsy), consumption-induced hematemesis and coughing, and parasitic infections, specifically utilizing their ability to search out and expel wind toxins. This contrasts sharply with Ciwu's function of regulating and tonifying deficiency and weakness; each has its own use of benevolence versus rigidity and violence, differing as much as heaven and abyss.
Magpie builds overlapping nests.
Sweet and cold in nature, non-toxic.
Invention: The magpie is intelligent and wise, capable of knowing auspicious and inauspicious signs. Observing their construction of nests and opening of doors, they always face away from the Tai Sui star and towards the Tai Yi star, unlike the turtledove. *Mingyi Bie Lu* uses it as a specific medicine for treating stone strangury (urinary calculi), because when the magpie calls, it wags its tail, implying that the qi of its entire body flows downward. Chen Zangqi stated that burning the magpie to ash, extracting the juice with water, and drinking it allows kidney stones to pass naturally. Su Song stated that women should not eat magpies because they mate through mutual gaze and sound resonance. Drinking wine mixed with ash from the burned brain of a magpie causes lovesickness. Su Song's theory likely originated from this. Regarding "Magpie builds overlapping nests," *Rihua Zi Bencao* takes magpies from nests built over many years, burns them, and treats mania, ghostly possession, and gu poison, still calling out the names of the possessed entities; it can also be applied topically to sores. *Qianjin Fang* treats difficult labor in women, taking advantage of the meaning of long-term reproductive harmony.