（本经下品）
【气味】咸平，无毒。
【主治】主目瞑痒痛，明目，夜视有精光。久服令人喜乐媚好无忧。
【核】曰∶夜明砂，伏翼粪也。伏翼形似鼠，灰黑色，胁间肉翅，连合四足及尾，伏则
倒悬，食则蚊蚋，多处深山崖穴中，及僻暗处。乃鼍虱与鼠所化。而复转化魁蛤。冬蛰夏出，
日
功力殊胜。修事，先以大眼筛筛过数次，次用水澄去沙土，入苎布囊内，溪水中提濯，约减
十之七，易细苎囊再濯，每斗可两许，光芒焕耀，质圆成粒者乃佳。扁薄者蚊蚋肤也。若得
食钟乳者，亦如前法，取光明如宝珠者最佳。用缓火隔纸焙燥，研极细入药。苋实、云实为
之使。
【 】曰∶玄晖不夜，因名夜明；以蚊蚋为食，蚊蚋伏翼；夏出冬蛰，顺时序为浮沉；
夜翼昼伏，互昼夜为吸呼；伏则倒悬，具阴阳颠倒之象耳。食石钟乳者，朱冠雪体，即肉芝
类，故功用与钟乳六芝等。芝以夏现，乳以夏溢，化相感，性相近也。
（唯能顺时序为浮沉者，乃得互呼吸之出入入出，与会阴阳之阳阴阴阳，方成颠倒倒颠。）
（本经下品）
【气味】咸平，无毒。
【主治】主五痔，伏热在腹中，肠痈内蚀。
【核】曰∶前后四足，各有悬蹄。悬蹄之甲，尖而小；践蹄之甲，大而圆。修事，酒浸
半日，柳木火炙松脆用。
【 】曰∶观豕蹄之黑白，见豕性之躁甚，黑固躁，白尤躁之甚者，则知豕力在蹄，精
专在甲矣。悬蹄甲者，豕蹄似鹿而爪四，二践地，二上悬，上悬之甲，悬蹄甲也。有以左蹄
后蹄为悬蹄甲者谬矣。盖豕行不举足而曳踵，象水性之趋下为水畜也。四足皆垂，未见左后
悬者。玉藻云∶圈豚行不举足，齐如流，端行颐溜如矢，弁行剡剡起屦，执圭玉，举前曳踵，
如也。埤雅云∶畜养之闲曰圈，豕子曰豚，端读端弁之端，弁读弁冕之弁，则行不举足，
齐如流，冕行之容也。颐溜如矢，端行之容也。剡剡起屦，弁行之容也。礼之以物以服，记
其行容者，互相挟也。是故水畜性偏趋下，对待伏热之在腹中，为肠痈，为内蚀，为五痔。
经云∶热气所聚，则为痈脓，必择精专之所在，乃得内外敌应尔。
【本草经下品】
【气味】味咸，性平，无毒。
【主治】主治眼睛闭合、瘙痒疼痛，能明目，夜间视物有精光。长期服用使人喜悦美好，无忧无虑。
【考证】曰：夜明砂，是伏翼（蝙蝠）的粪便。伏翼形状像老鼠，呈灰黑色，胁间有肉翅，四足及尾巴连在一起，休息时倒悬，进食时吃蚊蚋等小虫，多栖息在深山崖穴中以及偏僻阴暗的地方。它是由鼍虱与老鼠变化而来的，而又转化为魁蛤。冬天蛰伏，夏天出现，日间的功力特别显著。炮制处理时，先用大眼筛子筛过数次，接着用水澄清去除沙土，放入苎麻布袋内，在溪水中反复漂洗，大约减少十分之七的重量，换成细苎麻袋再漂洗，每斗药材可得约二两，光芒闪耀，质地圆润成粒的为佳。扁薄的则是蚊蚋的皮壳。如果得到吃了钟乳石的伏翼，也按上述方法处理，选取光明如宝珠者为最佳。用慢火隔纸焙干，研成极细粉末入药。苋实、云实作为它的引经药（使药）。
【按语】曰：玄晖（指月光或光亮）不夜，因此得名“夜明”；以蚊蚋为食，蚊蚋属于伏翼的食物；夏天出现冬天蛰伏，顺应时序而浮沉；夜晚飞翔白天潜伏，昼夜交替如同呼吸的出入；休息时倒悬，具备阴阳颠倒的象征意义。食用石钟乳的伏翼，头红身白，属于肉芝一类，所以其功效与钟乳石及六芝相同。灵芝在夏季显现，钟乳石在夏季溢出，化生相互感应，性质相近。（只有能够顺应时序进行浮沉变化的，才能获得呼吸出入的规律，并与阴阳交互，从而形成真正的阴阳颠倒。）
【本草经下品】
【气味】味咸，性平，无毒。
【主治】主治五种痔疮，腹中有伏热，肠痈内部腐蚀。
【考证】曰：前后四足，各有悬蹄。悬蹄的指甲，尖而小；践蹄（着地的大蹄）的指甲，大而圆。炮制处理时，用酒浸泡半天，用柳木火烤至松脆后使用。
【按语】曰：观察猪蹄的黑白颜色，可以看出猪性情的急躁程度，黑色的固然急躁，白色的更是急躁中的甚者，由此可知猪的力量在于蹄，精气专注在于指甲。悬蹄甲，是指猪蹄形状像鹿但爪子有四只，两只着地，两只向上悬挂，向上悬挂的指甲就是悬蹄甲。有人将左边的后蹄当作悬蹄甲是错误的。大概是因为猪行走时不抬起脚而拖着脚跟走，象征水性趋向低下，所以被称为水畜。四足都下垂，未见左边后蹄悬挂的情况。《玉藻》说：“圈养的猪行走时不抬起脚，整齐如流水，端正行走时下巴下垂如箭矢，戴弁帽行走时脚步轻快提起鞋子，手持圭玉时，举起前脚拖着脚跟，就像这样。”《埤雅》说：“饲养动物的闲适处叫圈，小猪叫豚，‘端’读作端弁之端的音，‘弁’读作弁冕之弁的音，那么行走时不抬起脚，整齐如流水，是戴冕冠行走的姿态。下巴下垂如箭矢，是端正行走的姿态。脚步轻快提起鞋子，是戴弁帽行走的姿态。礼制通过物品和服饰来记录其行走姿态，是互相参照的。因此，水畜的性质偏向于趋向低下，针对腹中伏热的情况，会导致肠痈、内部腐蚀、五种痔疮。经文说：热气聚集，就会形成痈脓，必须选择精气专注所在之处，才能达到内外对应的效果。”
(Ben Jing Xia Pin / Lower Category of the Classic of Materia Medica)
[Flavor and Nature] Salty, neutral, non-toxic.
[Indications] Primarily treats eyes closing, itching, and pain; brightens vision; enables clear night vision with a radiant glow. Long-term consumption brings joy, beauty, and freedom from worry.
[Verification] It is said: Ye Ming Sha (Bat Guano) is the feces of Fuyi (bats). Fuyi resembles a mouse, is grayish-black, has fleshy wings between its ribs, and its four feet and tail are connected. When resting, it hangs upside down; when feeding, it consumes mosquitoes and gnats. It mostly inhabits deep mountain cliffs, caves, and secluded dark places. It is transformed from tuo li (alligator lice) and mice, and further transforms into Kui Ge (a type of clam). It hibernates in winter and emerges in summer, with significant efficacy during the day. For processing, first sieve it several times through a coarse-mesh sieve, then wash it with water to remove sand and soil, place it in a ramie cloth bag, and rinse it repeatedly in a stream until the weight is reduced by about 70%. Then rinse it again in a finer ramie bag. From one dou (approx. 10 liters), about two liang (approx. 60-75 grams) can be obtained. The material should shine brightly and be round and granular for best quality. Flat pieces are mosquito skins. If obtained from bats that consumed Zhong Ru Shi (Stalactite), process as above, selecting those that shine like precious gems as the best. Dry them over slow fire through paper, grind into an extremely fine powder, and use in prescriptions. Xian Shi (Amaranth Seed) and Yun Shi (Caesalpinia Crista) serve as Shi (directing herbs).
[Commentary] It is said: Xuan Hui (luminous light) does not sleep at night, hence named "Ye Ming" (Night Brightness); it feeds on mosquitoes, which are prey of Fuyi; it emerges in summer and hibernates in winter, floating and sinking according to seasonal order; it flies at night and rests during the day, alternating between day and night like inhalation and exhalation; when resting, it hangs upside down, embodying the image of yin-yang inversion. Bats that consume Stalactite have red crests and white bodies, belonging to the category of Rou Zhi (Fleshy Lingzhi), thus their efficacy is similar to that of Zhong Ru Shi (Stalactite) and the Six Zhis. Lingzhi appears in summer, while Stalactite exudes in summer; their transformations interact, and their natures are similar. (Only those that can float and sink according to seasonal order can achieve the rhythmic inhalation and exhalation, and interact with yin and yang, thereby forming true yin-yang inversion.)
(Ben Jing Xia Pin / Lower Category of the Classic of Materia Medica)
[Flavor and Nature] Salty, neutral, non-toxic.
[Indications] Primarily treats five types of hemorrhoids (Wu Zhi), latent heat in the abdomen, and internal erosion due to intestinal abscess (Chang Yong).
[Verification] It is said: The front and rear four hooves each have a hanging hoof (Xuan Ti). The nail of the hanging hoof is sharp and small; the nail of the walking hoof (Jian Ti) is large and round. For processing, soak in wine for half a day, then roast over willow wood fire until crisp and brittle for use.
[Commentary] It is said: Observing the black and white colors of pig hooves reveals the pig's irritable nature; black pigs are indeed irritable, but white ones are even more so. Thus, we know the pig's strength lies in its hooves, and its essence concentrates in its nails. The Xuan Ti Jia (Hanging Hoof Nail) refers to pig hooves resembling deer claws with four toes: two touch the ground, and two hang upwards. The upward-hanging nails are the Xuan Ti Jia. It is erroneous to consider the left hind hoof as the hanging hoof. Generally, pigs walk without lifting their feet, dragging their heels, symbolizing the downward tendency of water, hence classified as Water Livestock. All four hooves hang down; none are seen hanging only on the left rear. The Yu Yang states: "Pigs kept in pens walk without lifting their feet, moving smoothly like flowing water; when walking upright, their chins droop like arrows; when wearing a bian hat, they lift their shoes briskly; holding a gui jade, they raise their front feet and drag their heels." The Pi Ya states: "The enclosure for domestic animals is called quan; a young pig is called tun. 'Duan' is read as in Duan Bian, and 'Bian' as in Bian Mian. Thus, walking without lifting feet and moving smoothly like water is the demeanor of wearing a crown. Chin drooping like an arrow is the demeanor of upright walking. Briskly lifting shoes is the demeanor of wearing a bian hat. Rituals use objects and clothing to record these walking postures, referencing each other. Therefore, Water Livestock tends downward, countering latent heat in the abdomen, leading to Chang Yong (intestinal abscess), internal erosion, and Wu Zhi (hemorrhoids). The Classic states: Where heat gathers, pus and abscesses form. One must select the location where essence concentrates to achieve internal and external correspondence."