（本经上品）
【气味】甘平，无毒。
【主治】主补中益气。久服肥健，不老神仙。
【核】曰∶处处有之。尔雅翼云∶麦黄种 ， 黄种麦；顾麦之生，即 之成， 之成，
即麦之生也。 者，有实之大麻也。有雌雄二种，雌者结实，雄者不结实。若子放勃时，须
去雄者，设未放勃而先去之，则不成子矣。修治，极难去壳，取帛包置沸汤中，浸至冷，乃
出之。垂井中一夜，勿令着水。次日日中曝干，就新瓦上 去壳，簸扬取仁，粒粒皆完。
先人云∶麻品凡五，黄、络、苎、 、白也。黄叶五岐，络叶无岐，苎叶圆背白。茎皆
直上。黄实即大麻，壳褐仁白，多脂液，与诸麻之实迥别。又云∶体直类木仁滑似髓，肝之
肾药也。故益精填髓，润发黑须。
【 】曰∶大麻色黄，一名黄麻。麻有雌雄，雄为苴，雌为 ， 即有子之大麻也。一
叶五岐，别曰黄 ，气味甘平，为脾胃之体药；枝茎条畅，为脾胃之用药；仁脂濡润，为脾
胃之滑剂、湿剂也。故主补中益气，久服肥健，不老神仙。别录及附方诸证，亦以四义释之，
更
（麦黄种 。种 时，正木火司令时也。 黄种麦，种麦时，正金水司令时也。交通之
际，抑中央宫土之五数矣。）
（本经上品）
【气味】苦甘平，无毒。
【主治】主风寒所击，金疮，止痛，奔豚，痫痉，女子疝瘕。久服轻身，耐老。
【核】曰∶出蜀汉、西羌者良。春生苗，如青麻状。一茎直上，有风不动，无风自摇。
六月开花作丛，或黄或紫。生砂石中者，叶微黄。生浓土中者，叶青翠。有两种，一种形大
有臼，如鬼眼者，今人呼为独活；一种蚕头鞭节，色黄紫，臭之作蜜蜡香，今人呼为羌活。
近以老宿前胡，及土当归，黑皮白肉，臭如白芷者，用充独活，不可不辨。采得锉细，以淫
羊藿拌 二日，曝干，去藿用，免人心烦。
缪仲淳先生云∶独活禀天地正阳之气以生，名列君部，非比柔懦之主，小无不入，大无
不通，却乱反正之君主药也。故能开万窍八风之邪，通四大关津之捷；羌独本同一种，但分
质有虚实老嫩，气有浓薄缓急之殊耳。
先人评药云∶自行其意，独得嘉名。
【 】曰∶动摇万物者莫疾乎风。故万物莫不因风以为动摇，唯独活不然。有风，独立
不动；无风，独能自摇。在蜀名蜀活，在羌名羌活，随地以名，亦随地有差等。但可互为兄
弟，不可强别雌雄，其从治不能独立不动，而为风寒刀刃之所击，及奔豚痫痉之因风以为动
摇，复因风而反乎上下开阖者。若女子疝瘕，此不能自摇耳。不能自摇，即阖而不开，不能
独立不动，即开而不阖。唯独活则阖而能开，开而能阖；当入肝之经，厥阴之阖，具备风木
化气之体用者欤。
（ 合赤箭生成主治彼此功力昭然。但合赤箭不为物移之体，能立力，能独运之用，能
行，
【本经上品】
【气味】味甘，性平，无毒。
【主治】主要功效为补益中气、益气力。长期服用可使身体丰满健壮，延缓衰老，如神仙般长寿。
【核】曰：到处都有生长。《尔雅翼》记载：“麦黄时节种植大麻（Hemp），大麦成熟时，大麻才生长；大麻成熟时，大麦才开始生长。”大麻，是指结有大籽粒的大麻。分为雌雄两种，雌株结实，雄株不结实。如果在种子成熟爆裂之前，必须去除雄株，如果在大麻未成熟前就提前去除雄株，就无法结出种子了。炮制方法极其难以去壳，需用布包裹置于沸水中，浸泡至冷却后取出。悬挂于井中一夜，不要让水接触药材。第二天中午在阳光下晒干，在新瓦上搓去外壳，簸扬筛选取仁，每一粒都完整无损。先父曾说：麻类共有五种，即黄麻、络麻、苎麻、大麻、白麻。黄麻叶子五裂，络麻叶子无裂，苎麻叶子圆形背面发白。茎干都笔直向上生长。黄麻的果实就是大麻，外壳褐色，仁白色，多油脂，与其他麻类的果实截然不同。又说：大麻质地直挺类似木料，仁滑润似骨髓，是入肝肾的药物。所以能益精填髓，滋润头发，使胡须变黑。
【臣】曰：大麻颜色发黄，又名黄麻。麻有雌雄之分，雄株称为“苴”（Ju, 雄麻），雌株称为“枲”（Xi, 雌麻），“枲”就是结有大籽粒的大麻。一片叶子五裂，特别称为黄麻。其气味甘平，作为脾胃的体药（基础药物）；枝茎条达通畅，作为脾胃的用药（功能药物）；仁脂濡润，作为脾胃的润滑剂、祛湿剂。所以主要功效为补中益气，长期服用使人肥健，不老如神仙。《别录》及附方中的各种证候，也是用这四个方面来解释的，更加……（此处原文中断，括号内注：麦黄时节种大麻，正值木火当令之时；大麦成熟时节种大麻，正值金水当令之时。在交通转换之际，抑制了中央宫土的五数。）
【本经上品】
【气味】味苦、甘，性平，无毒。
【主治】主要功效为治疗风寒侵袭所致的外伤，金创（金属利器造成的创伤），止痛，奔豚（一种气从少腹上冲胸咽的疾病），癫痫痉挛，女子疝瘕（腹部结块疼痛的病证）。长期服用可使身体轻健，耐老延年。
【核】曰：出自蜀汉、西羌地区的药材品质优良。春季生苗，形状像青麻。一茎直立向上，有风时不动，无风时自摇。六月开花成丛，颜色或黄或紫。生长在砂石中的，叶子微黄；生长在肥沃土壤中的，叶子青翠。有两种，一种形体大且有臼状凹陷，像鬼眼一样的，现在人称为独活（Duhuo, Angelicae Pubescentis Radix）；一种像蚕头鞭节，色黄紫，气味像蜜蜡香的，现在人称为羌活（Qianghuo, Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix）。近来有人用老宿前胡，以及土当归，黑皮白肉，气味像白芷的，用来冒充独活，不可不辨别。采收后锉细，用淫羊藿拌炒二日，晒干，去掉淫羊藿使用，以免让人心烦。
缪仲淳先生曾说：独活禀受天地正阳之气而生，名列君部，不像那些柔懦的主药，小处无不到，大处无不通，是驱除混乱、恢复正常的君主药。所以能开通万窍和八风之邪，通达四肢关津的要道；羌活和独活本是同一种植物，只是区分体质有虚实老嫩之别，气味有浓薄缓急之异罢了。
先父评价此药说：自行其意，独得嘉名。
【臣】曰：动摇万物没有比风更快的。所以万物都因风而动摇，唯独独活不然。有风时，它独立不动；无风时，它独自能摇动。在蜀地名叫蜀活，在羌地名叫羌活，随地命名，也随地有等级差别。但可互为兄弟，不可强行区分雌雄。对于那些不能独立不动，而被风寒刀刃所击，以及奔豚、癫痫痉挛等因风而动摇，又因风而反乎上下开阖的病证。至于女子的疝瘕，这是不能自摇的表现。不能自摇，就是闭合而不开放；不能独立不动，就是开放而不闭合。唯独独活能闭而能开，开而能闭；应当入肝经，厥阴之闭，具备风木化气之体用吧。
（此处原文中断，括号内注：与赤箭配合生成主治，彼此功力昭然若揭。但赤箭具有不为外物移转的体质，能立力，能独运之用，能行……）
[Shangpin of the Classic of Materia Medica]
[Flavor and Nature] Sweet, neutral, non-toxic.
[Indications] Primarily tonifies the middle jiao and benefits qi. Long-term consumption leads to a robust and healthy physique, delaying aging, akin to immortals.
[Nuclear Commentary] Says: It grows everywhere. *Erya Yi* records: "Plant hemp during the wheat-yellowing season; when barley matures, hemp begins to grow; when hemp matures, barley begins to grow." Hemp refers to the large-seeded variety of Cannabis sativa (Cannabis Fructus). There are two types: female and male. The female plant bears fruit, while the male does not. If the seeds are about to burst, the male plants must be removed beforehand. If removed before the seeds mature, no seeds will form. Processing is extremely difficult for shell removal. Wrap in silk cloth and soak in boiling water until cool, then remove. Hang in a well overnight, ensuring it does not touch water. Sun-dry at noon the next day, rub off shells on new tiles, winnow to obtain the kernels, ensuring each grain remains intact. My late father said: There are five types of hemp: Huangma (Yellow Hemp), Luomah (Net Hemp), Zhuma (Ramie Hemp), Dama (Great Hemp), and Baima (White Hemp). Huangma leaves have five lobes; Luomah leaves have no lobes; Zhuma leaves are round with white backs. All stems grow straight upward. The fruit of Huangma is Great Hemp; the shell is brown, the kernel is white, and it is rich in oil, distinct from other hemp fruits. It is also said: Its structure is straight like wood, and its kernel is slippery like marrow, making it a medicine for the Liver and Kidney. Thus, it benefits essence, fills marrow, moistens hair, and darkens beard.
[Minister] Says: Great Hemp is yellow in color, also known as Huangma. Hemp has male and female distinctions; the male is called "Ju" (male hemp), and the female is called "Xi" (female hemp); "Xi" refers to the large-seeded Great Hemp. A single leaf has five lobes, specifically called Huangma. Its flavor is sweet and neutral, serving as the substance-based medicine for the Spleen and Stomach; its branches and stems are smooth and unobstructed, serving as the function-based medicine for the Spleen and Stomach; its oily kernel is moistening, serving as a lubricant and dampness-resolving agent for the Spleen and Stomach. Therefore, it primarily tonifies the middle and benefits qi, leading to robust health and longevity with long-term use. The *Bielu* and various formulas in the attached chapters explain these indications using these four principles, further... (Note: Planting hemp during the wheat-yellowing season coincides with the dominance of Wood and Fire; planting wheat during the hemp-maturing season coincides with the dominance of Metal and Water. In this transition, the number five of the Central Earth is suppressed.)
[Shangpin of the Classic of Materia Medica]
[Flavor and Nature] Bitter, sweet, neutral, non-toxic.
[Indications] Primarily treats injuries caused by Wind-Cold, metal wounds (lacerations), relieves pain, manages Ben Tun (a condition where Qi rushes from the lower abdomen to the chest and throat), epilepsy and spasms, and women's Shan Jia (abdominal masses and pain). Long-term consumption lightens the body and promotes longevity.
[Nuclear Commentary] Says: Those from Shuhan and Xiqiang regions are of superior quality. Sprouts emerge in spring, resembling Qingma (Green Hemp). A single stem grows straight up; it remains still in the wind but sways spontaneously when there is no wind. Flowers bloom in clusters in June, varying in yellow or purple hues. Plants growing in sandy rocks have slightly yellow leaves; those in rich soil have vibrant green leaves. There are two varieties: one is large with a hollow-like depression resembling a ghost's eye, now called Duhuo (Angelicae Pubescentis Radix); the other resembles a caterpillar-headed whip segment, yellowish-purple in color, with a fragrance like beeswax, now called Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix). Recently, old Suqianhu (Peucedani Radix) and Tudanggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix substitutes), characterized by black skin, white flesh, and a scent like Bai Zhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix), are used to pass off as Duhuo, which must be carefully distinguished. After harvesting, cut into fine pieces, stir-fry with Yin Yang Huo (Epimedii Folium) for two days, sun-dry, remove the Epimedii Folium, to avoid causing mental restlessness.
Mr. Miu Zhongchun stated: Duhuo is born from the righteous Yang Qi of Heaven and Earth, listed in the Sovereign category. Unlike soft and weak sovereign medicines that penetrate everywhere, it is a sovereign medicine that dispels chaos and restores order. Thus, it can open ten thousand acupoints and expel Eight Winds pathogens, and connect the vital passages of the four limbs. Qianghuo and Duhuo originate from the same species, differing only in physical constitution (deficiency/excess, old/tender) and Qi properties (strong/weak, slow/rapid).
My late father commented on this herb: Acting according to its own nature, it uniquely earns its excellent name.
[Minister] Says: Nothing moves things faster than Wind. Thus, all things sway due to Wind, except Duhuo. In the wind, it stands firm and unmoving; without wind, it sways independently. Known as Shuhuo in Shu and Qianghuo in Qiang, named after the location, reflecting local variations. They can be considered brothers, but cannot be strictly divided into male and female. For conditions where the body cannot stand firm and unmoving, struck by Wind-Cold or blades, or where Ben Tun and epilepsy/spasms cause movement due to Wind, reversing the opening and closing of the upper and lower parts. As for women's Shan Jia, this represents an inability to sway. Inability to sway implies closing without opening; inability to stand firm implies opening without closing. Only Duhuo can close and open, and open and close. It should enter the Liver Meridian, corresponding to the Jueyin closing phase, possessing the substance and function of Wind-Wood transformational Qi.
(Note: Combined with Chi Jian (Gastrodiae Rhizoma), their therapeutic effects are clearly manifested. However, Chi Jian possesses a constitution unaffected by external objects, capable of establishing strength, independent operation, and movement...)