（本经中品）
【气味】苦寒，无毒。
【主治】主消渴，身热，烦满，大热，补虚，安中，续绝伤。
【核】曰∶别名瑞雪，根即天花粉。出弘农、陕州者最胜，所在亦有之。三月生苗，引
藤蔓叶，如甜瓜叶，而窄作叉，背面俱有白毛。六月开花，似壶芦花而浅黄色。结实在花下，
大如拳，生时青碧如瓜，九月黄熟如柿，形有正圆长锐，功用并同。内有扁子，壳色褐，仁
色绿，多脂，作青气。根直下生，年久者长数尺。秋后采者，结实有粉，他时便多筋络矣。
修治其实，须分二种，圆黄皮浓蒂小者，宜阳人服；形长皮赤，蒂粗者，宜阴人服。并去壳
皮、革膜，及脂。根亦取大二三围者，去皮，捣烂，以水澄粉。
先人云∶本经主治不分根实。别录广实主胸痹，悦泽人面，似有根实之分。故图经另出
根名天花粉，主烦满及消渴。烦满胸痹，皆胸博病。释名云∶消渴，肾气不周于胸也。经云∶
烦满胸痛引背，胸痹也。病名虽异，因证则同，但所施略分轻重耳。即能周肾气于胸，亦属
补虚安中，续绝伤功力耳。
【 】曰∶形如包括之囊，实列重楼之象，举实该根，犹枸杞也。气味苦寒，逆治火热，
体质濡润，逆治燥涸，或液燥涸，致热结聚，或热结聚，致液燥涸，遂成消渴烦满者，悉宜
用。安中者，热却则中安，亦即所以补液之虚耳。故筋脉燥涸则绝伤，濡润则连续矣。根实
功力，稍有异同，实主郁遏不能分解；根主散漫失于容平，靡不以热为因，以燥为证，顾天
花瑞雪之名，则思过半矣。
【本经中品】
【气味】味苦，性寒，无毒。
【主治】主要治疗消渴（以多饮、多食、多尿、身体消瘦为特征的疾病），身热，烦闷胀满，大热，补益虚损，安定中焦，接续绝伤。
【核】说：别名瑞雪，根部即天花粉。出产于弘农、陕州的最为优良，各地也有生长。三月生苗，牵引藤蔓叶片，形状像甜瓜叶，但较窄且呈叉状，正反两面都有白色绒毛。六月开花，类似葫芦花，颜色浅黄。果实结在花下，大小如拳头，未成熟时青碧色像瓜，九月变黄成熟像柿子，形状有正圆或长尖形，功效相同。内部有扁平的种子，壳色褐，仁色绿，多油脂，散发青色气味。根垂直向下生长，年代久远的长达数尺。秋后采收的，结实含有淀粉，其他时候采收则筋络较多。
修治其果实，需分为两种情况：圆形、黄皮、蒂小者，适宜阳虚体质的人服用；形状长、皮赤、蒂粗者，适宜阴虚体质的人服用。均需去掉壳、皮、革膜及油脂。根部也选取直径二三围的大根，去皮，捣烂，用水澄清提取淀粉。
先人说：《本经》主治不分根和果实。《别录》扩展了果实主治胸痹，使人面色悦泽，似乎有了根与果实的区分。所以《图经》单独列出根名为天花粉，主治烦闷胀满及消渴。烦闷胀满和胸痹，都是心胸部位的病症。《释名》说：消渴，是肾气不能周流于胸部所致。经文说：烦闷胀满胸痛牵引背部，就是胸痹。病名虽然不同，但因证候则相同，只是施治时略有轻重之分罢了。即使能使肾气周流于胸部，也属于补虚安中、接续绝伤的功力范畴。
【】说：形状像包容的囊袋，果实排列如重楼之象，举果实而涵盖根部，就像枸杞一样。气味苦寒，用以逆治火热；体质濡润，用以逆治燥涸。或者是津液燥涸导致热邪结聚，或者是热邪结聚导致津液燥涸，从而形成消渴烦满的，都适宜使用。所谓安中，是指热邪退去则中焦安宁，这也是补益津液之虚的方法。因此，筋脉燥涸则导致绝伤，濡润则能连续不断。根和果实的功效稍有异同，果实主要治理郁遏不能分解；根部主要治理散漫失于平复，无不以热为病因，以燥为证候，考虑到“天花”、“瑞雪”的名称，便思过半矣。
[Shanghan Lun Middle Category]
[Taste and Property] Bitter, cold, non-toxic.
[Indications] Primarily treats Xiao Ke (wasting-thirst syndrome, characterized by polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria, and emaciation), body heat, irritability and fullness, severe heat, tonifies deficiency, calms the middle jiao, and repairs traumatic injuries.
[Analysis] It is said: Also known as Rui Xue (Auspicious Snow), the root is Tian Hua Fen (Trichosanthes Root). Those from Hongnong and Shanzhou are the best; others are also available. In March, vines sprout, climbing with leaves resembling those of sweet melons but narrower and forked, covered with white hairs on both sides. Flowers bloom in June, similar to bottle gourd flowers, pale yellow. Fruits develop beneath the flowers, fist-sized, greenish-blue when unripe like melons, turning yellow and ripe in September like persimmons. Shapes vary from perfectly round to long and pointed, with identical efficacy. Inside are flat seeds with brown shells and green kernels, rich in oil, emitting a bluish-green odor. The root grows straight downward, reaching several chi in length for old plants. Roots harvested after autumn contain starch in the fruit, while those harvested at other times have more fibrous networks.
Processing the fruit requires distinction into two types: round fruits with thick yellow skin and small stems are suitable for patients with Yang deficiency; long-shaped fruits with reddish skin and thick stems are suitable for patients with Yin deficiency. All must be freed from shells, skins, membranous layers, and oils. For roots, select large ones two or three cun in circumference, remove the skin, pound them, and clarify the starch with water.
My ancestors stated: The *Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing* does not distinguish between root and fruit indications. *Ben Cao Jing Jiu Jin* expanded upon the fruit's indication for chest bi (obstruction syndrome) and beautifying the complexion, implying a distinction between root and fruit. Thus, *Ben Cao Tu Jing* lists the root separately as Tian Hua Fen, indicating it treats irritability, fullness, and Xiao Ke. Irritability, fullness, and chest bi are all diseases of the chest region. *Shi Ming* states: Xiao Ke results from Kidney Qi failing to circulate throughout the chest. The classic says: Irritability, fullness, chest pain radiating to the back constitutes chest bi. Although disease names differ, the pathogenesis is the same, differing only in severity of application. Even if it enables Kidney Qi to circulate in the chest, this falls under the efficacy of tonifying deficiency, calming the middle, and repairing injuries.
It is said: The shape resembles an encompassing sac, with fruits arranged like the layered eaves of a tower. Mentioning the fruit implies the root, just as with Gou Qi Zi (Lycium Fruit). Its bitter-cold taste counteracts fire-heat; its moist nature counteracts dryness. Whether dryness leads to heat accumulation, or heat accumulation leads to dryness, resulting in Xiao Ke and irritability/fullness, this herb is appropriate. "Calming the middle" means that when heat recedes, the middle jiao becomes tranquil, which is essentially replenishing fluid deficiency. Therefore, dryness of sinews and vessels leads to severance/injury, while moisture restores continuity. The efficacy of root and fruit differs slightly: the fruit primarily resolves stagnation and obstruction; the root primarily disperses scattering and restores equilibrium. Both address heat as the cause and dryness as the manifestation. Considering the names "Tian Hua" (Heavenly Flower) and "Rui Xue" (Auspicious Snow), half the understanding is already grasped.