（本经中品）
用以气言，天道也；体以形言，地道也。
【气味】甘平，无毒。
【主治】主邪气，腹胀，心痛，利大小便，补中，益气。
【核】曰∶近道虽有，唯荆州山谷者良。二月生苗，一干特起，百叶环列，无旁枝，至
杪作花，有二种，一丹黄色。间紫黑点，初开内拱如掬，次早外列如球，而不结子，别着叶
蒂间，赤碧如贝，根微苦，顷亦转甜。一纯白如卮，连茎倾侧，花瓣六出，夜分作香，叶蒂
间不着子，根肥而甘。此非异类，宜别雌雄，有子者雌，无子者雄。
【 】曰∶百合，百瓣合成也。雌雄二种，雄主藏用，雌主藏体。俱入心主包络，心主
百脉故也。腹满心痛，便不利，此夏气病藏之邪，百合力能益气，以补中虚，则邪无所容，
从内以出，即夏大张布于外者，亦无内顾之虞矣。金匮云∶百合病者，百脉一宗悉致其病也。
即假药象，以着病形尔。盖心主为病，则时间时甚，故无尝证可拟，象形从治法也。客曰∶
别录主入肺脏，悦皮毛，安脏腑，定权衡，此亦象形乎。颐曰∶经云∶肺朝百脉，输精皮毛，
毛脉合精，行气于腑，府精神明，留于四脏，气归权衡，权衡以平，气口成寸，一线穿成，
不烦造作，此正象形也。
（本经中品）
【气味】苦寒，无毒。
【主治】主五内邪气，胃中热气，面赤，酒 渣鼻，白癞赤癞疮疡。
【核】曰∶南方、西蜀皆有。木有高下，叶似李而硬浓。五月生花，芬香六出，即西域
之卜也。夏秋结实如诃子，生青熟黄，中仁红色。修治须如雀脑，并长须九路赤色者为上。
去
先人云∶卮子有色，故主色变。凡苦寒之物，能下能坚，唯卮子反使坚结者解而上出，火空
则发之义也，故并作涌泄之剂。
【 】曰∶白英六出，色香俱胜，体性轻浮，棱壳似介，合入手太阴，宣气四达者也。
故主阳气郁结，致色变于色而标见于皮，及浸淫肤肉而疮疡癞 ，此皆火热烁金，非此不能
转热恼为清凉耳。五内邪气，胃中热气结而未实者，易于分解，已成燥坚者，非所宜矣。
（素馨弥漫，即丽泽之化工，轻扬六出，宛滕六之飞舞，转炎敲为清肃者也。）
（《神农本草经》列为中品）
从“气”的角度来说，体现的是天道；从“形体”的角度来说，体现的是地道。
【气味】味甘，性平，无毒。
【主治】主治邪气侵袭引起的腹胀、心痛，通利大小便，补益中气，益气力。
【考证】曰：近处道路虽有出产，只有荆州山谷所产的才优良。二月生苗，一根茎干独自挺立，百片叶子环绕排列，没有旁枝，直到顶端开花，有两种：一种是丹黄色，间杂紫黑色斑点，初开时向内拱起如捧状，次日早晨向外展开如球状，不结种子，而是在叶蒂之间另长出果实，颜色红绿相间像贝壳一样，根部味道微苦，不久也转甜。另一种纯白色如酒杯，连茎倾斜，花瓣六瓣，半夜散发香气，叶蒂间不结种子，根部肥大且甘甜。这不是异类植物，应当区分雌雄，有种子的是雌株，无种子的是雄株。
【释义】曰：百合，意为百片花瓣合成一体。雌雄两种，雄株主藏其功用，雌株主藏其形体。两者都入心包络经，因为心主全身血脉的缘故。腹部胀满、心痛、二便不利，这是夏季气候病邪侵犯脏腑所致，百合能够益气，以补益中焦之虚，那么邪气就无处容身，从体内排出，即使是夏季盛大布散于体表的邪气，也没有后顾之忧了。《金匮要略》说：百合病，是百脉归于同一宗源而全部致病。这是借药物的形象来描述病症形态罢了。大概是因为心主受病，所以症状有时轻有时重，因此没有固定的证候可以比拟，这是取象比类来指导治法。客人问：《名医别录》说百合主要入肺脏，悦泽皮毛，安和脏腑，定准权衡，这也是取象比类吗？卢之颐回答说：经典说：肺朝会百脉，将精气输布于皮毛，毛与脉中的精气相合，推动气运行于腑，腑的精气神明，留驻于四脏，气回归到权衡状态，权衡平衡，气口形成寸脉，一线贯穿而成，不需要人为造作，这正是取象比类的体现。
（《神农本草经》列为中品）
【气味】味苦，性寒，无毒。
【主治】主治五脏内部的邪气，胃中的热气，面色发红，酒渣鼻，白癞疮、赤癞疮及各类疮疡。
【考证】曰：南方、西蜀都有出产。树木有高矮之分，叶子像李子树但更硬厚。五月开花，芬芳香气，六瓣花形，就是西域所说的卜香。夏秋结实像诃子，生时青色熟时黄色，中间仁为红色。炮制需要像雀脑一样，并且长须呈九路赤色的为上品。去除杂质后……前人曾说：栀子有色素，所以主治色变。凡是苦寒的药物，能泄下又能坚阴，唯独栀子反而使坚结之物解散而上出，这是符合“火空则发”的道理，所以都作为涌吐泻下的药剂。
【释义】曰：白英（此处指栀子，原文可能有误或特指某种形态，按上下文应为栀子）六瓣，颜色和香气都很优越，体质性质轻浮，外壳像介壳类，配合入手太阴肺经，宣通气机向四周通达。所以主治阳气郁结导致的肤色改变并在皮肤表面显现，以及浸淫肌肤肌肉而成的疮疡癞疾，这些都是火热灼伤肺金（金对应肺），不用这种药不能将热恼转化为清凉。五脏内部的邪气，胃中热气郁结但未成实证的，容易分解，如果已经形成燥坚的，就不适宜使用了。（素馨花弥漫，即丽泽卦的化工作用，轻扬六瓣，宛如滕六神飞舞，将炎热敲击转化为清肃。）
(Shennong Bencao Jing, Middle Grade)
Speaking of "Qi" (vital energy), it reflects the Heavenly Dao; speaking of "Form", it reflects the Earthly Dao.
[Flavor and Property] Sweet, neutral, non-toxic.
[Indications] Primarily treats pathogenic factors causing abdominal distension and heart pain, promotes urination and defecation, tonifies the middle jiao, and benefits Qi.
[Verification] It is said: Although available in nearby regions, only those from the valleys of Jingzhou are excellent. Seedlings emerge in the second lunar month, with a single stem rising specifically, surrounded by a hundred leaves arranged in a ring, without lateral branches. Flowers appear at the tip, coming in two varieties: one is cinnabar-yellow interspersed with purple-black spots; when first opening, it arches inward like a cupped hand, and by the next morning, spreads outward like a ball, but does not produce seeds. Instead, it forms fruit-like structures between the leaf axils, red and green like shells, with roots that are slightly bitter but turn sweet after a while. The other variety is pure white like a goblet, leaning with the stem, with six petals, emitting fragrance at midnight, without seeds at the leaf axils, and has thick, sweet roots. These are not different species but should be distinguished as male and female; those with seeds are female, and those without are male.
[Interpretation] It is said: "Baihe" (Lily Bulb) means a hundred petals combining into one. There are male and female varieties; the male primarily stores function, while the female primarily stores substance. Both enter the Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin because the Heart governs all vessels. Abdominal fullness, heart pain, and difficulty in urination or defecation are diseases of the zang organs caused by summer pathogens. Baihe can benefit Qi to tonify middle deficiency, leaving no room for pathogens, allowing them to exit from within. Even if pathogens are widely distributed on the exterior during summer, there will be no internal concerns. The *Jingui Yaolue* states: "In Baihe disease, all vessels belong to one source and are affected." This uses the image of the herb to illustrate the form of the disease. Generally, when the Heart is diseased, symptoms fluctuate in intensity, so there are no fixed syndromes to model. This is treating based on image correspondence. A guest asked: *Mingyi Bielu* states that Baihe enters the Lung organ, beautifies skin and hair, calms the viscera, and balances the scales. Is this also image correspondence? Lu Zhiyi replied: The classics state: "The Lungs receive all vessels, transmitting essence to the skin and hair. The essence of hair and vessels combines, moving Qi through the fu organs. The spirit and brightness of the fu organs remain in the four zang organs. Qi returns to balance. When balanced, the radial pulse is formed, connected in a continuous line, without artificial fabrication. This is precisely image correspondence."
(Shennong Bencao Jing, Middle Grade)
[Flavor and Property] Bitter, cold, non-toxic.
[Indications] Primarily treats pathogenic factors in the five internal organs, heat qi in the stomach, flushed face, rhinophyma (rosacea), leukoderma, erythema, and various sores and ulcers.
[Verification] It is said: Available in the South and Western Shu. Trees vary in height; leaves resemble plum leaves but are harder and thicker. Flowers bloom in the fifth lunar month, fragrant with six petals, which is the "Bu" incense of the Western Regions. Fruits ripen in summer and autumn, resembling Chebulae Fructus (Terminalia chebula), green when raw and yellow when ripe, with red kernels. Processing requires selecting those resembling quail brains, with nine long red ridges being the highest grade. After removing impurities... Ancestors stated: Gardenia contains pigment, thus it treats discoloration. All bitter-cold substances can purge and consolidate, but Gardenia uniquely resolves consolidations and causes them to rise and exit, following the principle that "fire empties then rises." Therefore, they are all used as emetic and purgative agents.
[Interpretation] It is said: Baiying (here referring to Gardenia in context, though literally White Vine) has six petals, superior in color and fragrance. Its nature is light and floating. The shell resembles crustacean shells, coordinating with the Lung Meridian of Hand-Taiyin to disseminate Qi in all directions. Thus, it treats Yang Qi stagnation causing discoloration visible on the skin surface, and creeping sores and leprosy affecting muscles and skin. These are all cases where fire-heat scorches Metal (Lung). Without this herb, one cannot transform heat distress into coolness. Pathogenic factors in the five viscera and heat qi in the stomach that are stagnant but not yet solidified are easily resolved. However, if dryness and hardness have already formed, it is not suitable. (Jasminum sambac spreading everywhere represents the chemical transformation of the Li hexagram; lightly rising with six petals, dancing like Teng Liu, transforms scorching heat into clear austerity.)