（本经中品）
【气味】苦，微寒，无毒。
【主治】主风寒湿痹洗洗寒气，除热，目中青翳白膜。久服头不白，轻身。
【核】曰∶出陕西州郡，及河阳。其木似檀，枝干皆青绿，叶细如匙许大不光。并无花
实，皮上有白点，取皮渍水，色便青碧，作字亦青碧可观，不易落也。大戟为之使。恶吴茱
萸。
【 】曰∶木小岑高，木皮翠碧，甲木少阳胆，乙木厥阴肝药也。主俾通痹闭，寒热洗
洗，此少阳之枢象。目中青翳白膜，此厥阴之阖象。缘肝开窍于目，其华在发，其荣在筋，
故久服轻身，头不白耳。
（亦可作少阳之用药，厥阴之体药也。具体及用，腑脏之全德耳。）
（本经中品）
【气味】辛平，无毒。
【主治】主五内邪气，散皮肤骨节中淫淫温行毒，去三虫，化食。
【核】曰∶出晋山川谷，及高丽、太原、河东、河西、延州、同州，近道亦有。生山中，
似榆而小，叶圆而浓，其实早成，亦似榆荚，但气臭如 ，作酱则香美。能杀虫，置物中亦
辟蛀。有大小两种，小芜荑酝酱，气味尤辛；入药宜大芜荑，陈久者最良。
【 】曰∶芜荑臭膻，山榆仁也。春取榆柳之火，谓先百木青，用逗春生之端耳。当入
肝，以宣肝用，故主五内邪气，皮肤骨节中淫淫温行毒，此不从春生宣散故也。芜荑宣逗端
倪，自下而上，使从外而内者，复自内而外焉。风入虫生，风宣虫去矣。设谷入不宣，安能
开发上焦，宣五谷味，熏肤充身泽毛，若雾露之溉欤。故不独宣化谷味，且宣布水液者矣。
（《神农本草经》中品）
【气味】味苦，性微寒，无毒。
【主治】主要治疗风寒湿邪导致的痹证，以及身体感觉寒冷战栗的症状；清除热邪，消除眼中青色的翳障和白色的膜状物。长期服用可使头发不白，身体轻健。
【考证】曰：产于陕西各州郡，以及河阳。其树木类似檀香木，枝干都是青绿色，叶子细小如匙大小，表面不光滑。没有花和果实，树皮上有白色斑点，取树皮浸泡在水中，水色立刻变成青碧色，用这种水洗字也呈青碧色且清晰可见，不易褪色。大戟是它的引经药（使药）。畏恶吴茱萸。
【发明】曰：树木不高耸，树皮翠绿碧绿，属于甲木的少阳胆经，乙木的厥阴肝经的药物。主要作用是疏通痹阻闭塞，缓解寒热战栗，这是少阳枢机运转的象义。眼中出现青色翳障和白色膜状物，这是厥阴阖闭功能的象义。因为肝脏开窍于目，其荣华表现于头发，其滋养在于筋脉，所以长期服用能使人身体轻健，头发不白。
（也可以作为少阳经的用药，厥阴经的本体药物。具体应用，体现了脏腑的完整德性。）
（《神农本草经》中品）
【气味】味辛，性平，无毒。
【主治】主要治疗五脏内的邪气，消散皮肤和骨节中弥漫温热的毒邪，驱除三种寄生虫，化解食积。
【考证】曰：产于晋地的山川山谷，以及高丽、太原、河东、河西、延州、同州等地，邻近地区也有生长。生于山中，形状像榆树但较小，叶子圆形而浓密，果实成熟较早，也像榆荚，只是气味臭如麝香，用来做酱则香气美味。能杀虫，放置在物品中也能防止蛀虫。有大小两种，小的芜荑用于酿制酱料，气味尤其辛辣；入药宜用大的芜荑，陈年久放的最好。
【发明】曰：芜荑气味臭膻，是山榆的种子。春天采摘榆柳之火，是说在百木先呈现青色时，用它来引发春生气的开端。应当入肝经，以宣发肝的功能，所以主治五脏内的邪气，以及皮肤骨节中弥漫温热的毒邪，这是因为不从春生宣散的角度来说的缘故。芜荑宣发引发端倪，由下而上，使从外进入体内的病邪，重新从内向外排出。风邪侵入导致虫生，风邪宣散则虫去。如果谷物摄入后不能宣化，怎么能开发上焦，宣发五谷的精微味道，熏蒸肌肤，充实身体，润泽毛发，如同雾露灌溉一样呢？所以不仅宣化谷物的味道，而且宣布水液的运行。
(Middle Category of the *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
[Flavor and Nature] Bitter, slightly cold, non-toxic.
[Indications] Primarily treats Bi syndrome (obstruction syndrome) caused by wind-cold-dampness, and symptoms of shivering due to cold; clears heat, eliminates green nebulae and white membranes in the eyes. Long-term consumption prevents graying of hair and keeps the body light and agile.
[Verification] States: Originates from various prefectures in Shaanxi Province, as well as Heyang. The tree resembles Dalbergia odorifera (Sandalwood), with branches and trunks that are all greenish-blue. The leaves are small, about the size of a spoon, and not smooth. It has no flowers or fruits. The bark has white spots; when soaked in water, the water turns blue-green. Writing with this ink remains blue-green and legible, and does not fade easily. Da戟 (Euphorbia pekinensis) serves as its guiding herb (shi). It is incompatible with Evodiae Fructus (Wuzhuyu).
[Invention] States: The tree is not tall, and the bark is emerald green. It belongs to the Jia Wood (Yang Wood) of the Shaoyang Gallbladder channel, and Yi Wood (Yin Wood) of the Jueyin Liver channel. Its main function is to unblock obstruction and relieve shivering from cold and heat, which represents the pivot mechanism of Shaoyang. Green nebulae and white membranes in the eyes represent the closing function of Jueyin. Since the Liver opens into the eyes, its luster manifests in the hair, and its nourishment resides in the sinews, long-term consumption results in a light body and non-graying hair.
(It can also be used for the Shaoyang channel and as a substantive herb for the Jueyin channel. Its specific applications reflect the complete virtue of the zang-fu organs.)
(Middle Category of the *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
[Flavor and Nature] Pungent, neutral, non-toxic.
[Indications] Primarily treats pathogenic qi within the five zang organs, dissipates toxic heat spreading through the skin and joints, expels three types of intestinal parasites, and resolves food stagnation.
[Verification] States: Originates from mountain valleys in Jin, as well as Goryeo, Taiyuan, Hedong, Hexi, Yanzhou, and Tongzhou. It is also found in nearby regions. It grows in mountains, resembling an elm but smaller, with round and dense leaves. Its fruit matures early and resembles elms seeds (elm samaras), but it has a musky odor. When made into sauce, it becomes fragrant and delicious. It can kill insects and prevent moth damage when placed among items. There are two sizes: small Elaeagnus angustifolia (Wuyi) is used for fermenting sauces and has a particularly pungent flavor; large Elaeagnus angustifolia is suitable for medicinal use, with aged specimens being the best.
[Invention] States: Wuyi has a musky odor and is the seed of wild elm. Harvesting elm and willow fire in spring refers to using them when other trees first show green, to initiate the beginning of spring growth. It enters the Liver channel to promote the functional activity of the Liver, thus treating pathogenic qi within the five internal organs and toxic heat spreading through the skin and joints. This action is distinct from simple spring-like dispersal. Wuyi promotes and initiates trends, moving from below to above, causing pathogens that entered from the exterior to return to the interior and then exit outward. Wind entering leads to parasite generation; wind dispersal leads to parasite elimination. If grain intake cannot be transformed and dispersed, how could it open the Upper Jiao, disseminate the flavors of the five grains, steam the skin, fill the body, and moisten the hair like mist and dew? Therefore, it not only transforms and disperses grain flavors but also disseminates fluid metabolism.