（本经中品）
【气味】辛温，无毒。
【主治】主咳逆上气，善喘，喉痹，诸惊痫寒热邪气。
【核】曰∶出关中，及雍州、南山、溪水、华州，山谷水涧间；多丛生，叶似葵叶而大，
罔顾冰雪，先春而花，去土一二寸，出萼如菊，色青紫，通直而肥，开时花黄色，花在根下
也。一种花红者，叶如荷而斗直，大可容升，俗呼蜂斗。修事，须取微见花者，如以芬芳，
则无气力。拣去向里裹花蕊壳，并向里实如栗零壳，及枝叶，以甘草水浸一宿，却取款冬叶
相拌，蒸一夜，晒干，去叶用。杏仁为之使，得紫菀良。恶皂荚、硝石、玄参。畏贝母、辛
夷、麻黄、黄 、黄芩、连翘、青葙。
【 】曰∶以坚水为膏壤，吸霜雪以自濡，此水里阳生，宜当入肾，肾之心药也。故出
肺肾之邪，先肝心之用，与 藉幽深者不相侔也。惊痫邪气，伏匿于中，对待治之，发越尽
净。若咳逆上气，善喘喉痹，因肾苦燥，及形寒饮冷，秋伤于湿者始宜，或火热刑金，或肺
气焦满，恐益消铄毁伤矣。
（本经中品）
【气味】辛温，无毒。
【主治】主中风入脑头痛，寒痹，筋挛缓急，金疮，妇人血闭无子。
【核】曰∶芎 。蘼芜根也。川中者胜，胡戎者曰胡芎；关中者曰京芎；蜀中者曰川芎；
天台者曰台芎；江南者曰抚芎，皆以地得名也。清明后宿根生苗，即分其枝，横埋土中，节
节作根生苗也。八月后根下始结芎 ，叶似芹，微窄有叉，又似白芷而细，亦似胡荽而壮，
一种叶似蛇床而稍粗，茎叶俱香，茎细节大，纤柔青整，繁芜蘼弱也。种莳者根形块大，实
而多脂；山生者细瘦辛苦。五月采苗，十月采根，非时则虚恶，不堪入药矣。凡用其根，取
川中大块，色白不油，嚼之辛苦，形如雀脑者隹。白芷为之使。畏黄连。伏雌黄。得细辛，
疗金疮止痛。得牡蛎，疗头风吐逆。
【 】曰∶芎 ，谐声。穹，高也；极也；穷，究竟也，言主治作用也。故主风中头脑，
或脑痛，或头脑俱痛者，此风气通于肝，亦即春气者病在头也；力能直达肝用，从踵彻巅，
正鼓而邪自罢矣。风与寒合，斯成筋痹，或挛，或缓，或急者，此属不直，直之使通也。并
治金疮者，仍转动摇以成执持。血闭即血痹，逐而通之，使巳亥相合以结胞胎，寅申交会而
成种子，皆究竟高远之义。
（风气通于肝，物各从其类，春气者病在头，鱼涉负冰之候乎。）
（巳亥相合，厥阴始结胞胎，寅申交会，少阳乃作乳字。）
（《神农本草经》中品）
【气味】辛，温，无毒。
【主治】主要治疗咳嗽气逆、容易气喘、喉痹（咽喉肿痛闭塞）、各种惊痫以及寒热邪气。
【考证】曰：款冬花产于关中，以及雍州、南山、溪水、华州等地的山谷水涧之间；多呈丛生状，叶子像葵菜叶但更大，不顾冰雪严寒，在春天到来之前先开花，花朵距离地面一二寸，从萼片中伸出如同菊花，颜色青紫，茎干通直且肥壮，开花时花色为黄色，花朵生长在根部下方。有一种花色红的，叶子像荷叶一样直立向上，大到可以容纳一升的量，俗称“蜂斗”。炮制加工时，必须选取刚刚显露花蕾的，如果已经盛开带有芬芳香气，就没有药效了。拣选后去掉包裹花蕊的外壳，这种外壳向内包裹，质地坚实如同栗子壳，以及枝叶，用甘草水浸泡一夜，然后取款冬叶与之拌匀，蒸一夜，晒干，去掉叶片使用。杏仁作为其引经药，与紫菀配合疗效良好。忌与皂荚、硝石、玄参同用。畏惧贝母、辛夷、麻黄、黄耆、黄芩、连翘、青葙子。
【按语】曰：款冬花以坚硬的冰水化为膏壤，吸收霜雪来滋润自身，这是水中阳气生发的表现，适宜入肾，是补肾的心药。因此它能排出肺肾的邪气，首先发挥肝心的作用，这与那些潜藏幽深之地的药物不相类似。惊痫邪气潜伏在体内，通过对抗性治疗，将其发散干净。如果是咳嗽气逆、容易气喘、喉痹，是因为肾苦于燥，以及形体受寒、饮用冷水、秋季损伤于湿的情况才适宜使用；如果是火热之邪克制肺金，或者肺气焦枯胀满，恐怕会进一步消耗损伤正气。
（《神农本草经》中品）
【气味】辛，温，无毒。
【主治】主要治疗中风侵入脑部引起的头痛、寒痹、筋脉拘挛或弛缓急迫、金疮（刀剑等金属利器造成的创伤）、妇人血闭经不通导致的不孕。
【考证】曰：川芎就是蘼芜的根。四川产的最好，西域胡人地区的叫胡芎；关中地区的叫京芎；蜀地地区的叫川芎；天台地区的叫台芎；江南地区的叫抚芎，都是根据产地得名。清明之后宿根生出苗芽，随即分枝，横埋土中，节节生根长苗。八月之后根部才开始结出川芎，叶子像芹菜，稍微窄且有分叉，又像白芷但更细，也像胡荽（香菜）但更粗壮，还有一种叶子像蛇床子但稍粗，茎叶都有香气，茎节细而大，纤细柔嫩青翠整齐，繁茂柔弱。人工种植的根块形大，质地坚实且多油脂；野生生长的细小瘦弱且味辛苦。五月采集苗，十月采集根，非时令采集则虚劣恶臭，不堪入药。凡是用其根，选取四川产的大块头，颜色白且不油腻，嚼起来味辛苦，形状像雀脑的最好。白芷作为其引经药。畏惧黄连。被雌黄所伏制。配合细辛，可治疗金疮止痛。配合牡蛎，可治疗头风呕吐逆气。
【按语】曰：川芎，谐声字。“穹”意为高；“极”意为尽头；“穷”意为究竟，指主治作用的深远。因此主要治疗风邪侵袭头脑，或者是脑痛，或者是头脑俱痛，这是因为风气通于肝，也就是春气致病在头部；川芎的力量能直达肝的功能，从脚踵贯通至头顶，正气鼓动而邪气自然罢止。风与寒结合，形成筋痹，或者拘挛，或者弛缓，或者急迫，这属于气血不直，疏通使之通畅。并治疗金疮，是因为金疮需要转动摇荡以形成执持之力。血闭即血痹，驱逐并疏通它，使巳亥相合以结成胞胎，寅申交会而成种子，这都是究竟高远的含义。
（风气通于肝，万物各从其类，春气致病在头部，如同鱼涉负冰的时候吗？）
（巳亥相合，厥阴始结成胞胎，寅申交会，少阳乃开始孕育乳汁。）
(Shennong Bencao Jing, Middle Category)
[Flavor and Nature] Acrid, warm, non-toxic.
[Indications] Primarily treats cough with rebellious qi (Ke Ni Shang Qi), prone to wheezing (Shan Chuan), throat obstruction (Hou Bi - swelling and blockage of the throat), various types of fright convulsions (Jing Xian), and pathogenic factors of cold and heat.
[Verification] It is said: It grows in Guanzhong, as well as Yongzhou, Nanshan, Xishui, Huazhou, in valleys and stream beds; it mostly grows in clusters, leaves resemble those of mallow but are larger, disregarding ice and snow, flowering before spring arrives. The flower emerges one or two cun from the soil, protruding from the calyx like a chrysanthemum, colored blue-purple, straight and plump. When blooming, the flower color is yellow, and the flower is located below the root. There is a variety with red flowers, leaves resembling lotus leaves standing upright, large enough to hold a sheng (a unit of volume), commonly called "Bee Comb" (Feng Dou). For processing, one must select buds that have just begun to show flowers; if they have fully opened and possess a fragrant aroma, they lack medicinal potency. After selection, remove the outer shell wrapping the stamen, which wraps inward and is solid like a chestnut shell, along with stems and leaves. Soak them in licorice water overnight, then mix with Kuantong Ye (Tussilago Leaves), steam for one night, dry in the sun, remove the leaves, and use the remainder. Xingren (Apricot Seed) serves as its guiding herb; it works well when combined with Ziwan (Aster Root). It is incompatible with Zaojiao (Gleditsia Sinensis Fruit), Xiaoshi (Niter), and Xuanshen (Scrophulariae Radix). It fears Beimu (Fritillariae Bulbus), Xinyi (Magnolia Flower), Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba), Huangqi (Astragali Radix), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Lianqiao (Forsythiae Fructus), and Qingxiangzi (Celosiae Semen).
[Commentary] It is said: Kuantonghua transforms hard icy water into rich soil, absorbing frost and snow to moisten itself. This represents the generation of yang within water, making it suitable for entering the Kidney channel; it is the heart medicine for the Kidney. Therefore, it expels pathogens from the Lung and Kidney, first utilizing the functions of the Liver and Heart, unlike herbs that remain hidden in deep places. Pathogenic factors of fright and convulsions hide within the body; through counter-treatment, they are thoroughly dispersed. However, for cough with rebellious qi, wheezing, and throat obstruction caused by the Kidney suffering from dryness, or due to external cold and internal consumption of cold drinks, or autumn injury by dampness, it is appropriate. If there is fire-heat punishing Metal (Lung), or Lung qi scorched and full, it might further consume and damage healthy qi.
(Shennong Bencao Jing, Middle Category)
[Flavor and Nature] Acrid, warm, non-toxic.
[Indications] Primarily treats headache caused by wind-stroke invading the brain, cold bi-syndrome (Han Bi), tendon spasms or flaccidity/tightness, metal wounds (Jin Chuang), and blood obstruction in women leading to infertility.
[Verification] It is said: Xiongqiong is the root of Miwu. Those from Sichuan are superior; those from Hu Rong regions are called Hu Xiong; those from Guanzhong are called Jing Xiong; those from Shu are called Chuan Xiong; those from Tiantai are called Tai Xiong; those from Jiangnan are called Fu Xiong; all named after their place of origin. After Qingming Festival, perennial roots sprout seedlings, branching out and buried horizontally in the soil, generating roots and seedlings at each node. After August, Xiongqiong begins to form under the root. Leaves resemble celery, slightly narrower with forks, also resembling Bai Zhi but finer, or similar to Huxu (Coriander) but stronger. One variety has leaves resembling Shechuangzi but slightly thicker. Stems and leaves are both aromatic, stem nodes are fine yet large, slender, soft, green, and neat, appearing lush and weak. Cultivated roots are large, solid, and oily; wild-grown ones are thin, lean, acrid, and bitter. Collect seedlings in May, roots in October; harvesting out of season results in empty, foul quality, unsuitable for medicine. When using the root, select large pieces from Sichuan, white in color, not greasy, tasting acrid and bitter when chewed, shaped like sparrow brains, which are best. Baizhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix) serves as its guiding herb. It fears Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma). It is subdued by Cihuang (Realgar). Combined with Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma), it treats metal wounds and stops pain. Combined with Muli (Ostreae Concha), it treats head wind and vomiting/rebellious qi.
[Commentary] It is said: Xiongqiong is a phonetic compound. "Qiong" means high; "Ji" means extreme/end; "Qiong" means ultimate/conclusion, referring to the profound nature of its therapeutic action. Thus, it primarily treats wind affecting the head/brain, whether brain pain alone or head and brain together. This is because wind qi connects to the Liver, and indeed, spring qi diseases manifest in the head. Its power can directly reach the function of the Liver, penetrating from the heel to the crown; when righteous qi surges, evil qi naturally ceases. Wind combining with cold forms tendon bi, causing spasms, flaccidity, or tightness; this belongs to obstruction, and treating it involves straightening and unblocking. It also treats metal wounds because such injuries require dynamic movement to establish stability. Blood obstruction (Xue Bi) is driven away and unblocked, allowing Si-Hai to combine to form the fetal sac, and Yin-Shen to intersect to produce seeds; these are all meanings of ultimate profundity and height.
(Wind qi connects to the Liver; things follow their own kind. Spring qi diseases manifest in the head, akin to the time when fish tread on ice?)
(When Si and Hai combine, Jueyin begins to form the fetal sac; when Yin and Shen intersect, Shaoyang begins to nourish milk.)