（宋嘉 ）
【气味】辛冷，无毒。
【主治】主通大肠，转小儿疳痹瘰 ，杀疥癣虫，及鼻上酒渣，风疮瘙痒。
【核】曰∶升炼水银粉法，分红白两种。白者用水银一两，白矾二两，海盐一两，皂矾
一两，焰硝二两，同研不见星。贮罐内，先以滑石九两，研极细，水飞过，晒干再研；更以
黑铅四两，分作数块，打成薄片；一层滑石，一层铅片，铺置药上，筑极实，上余空数寸，
使药气易转。以盏盖罐口，先于灰火中，徐煨罐底，听罐里无声，乃扎定之，用盐泥封固罐
口。先用底火一炷香，次用二寸火，渐加至三寸火二炷香。用火时，以凉水尝擦盏内。火足，
去火冷定，药升盏上，及空处矣。红者只用水银一两，焰硝二两，白矾二两，同研极细。升
炼之法，悉与白同。即釜碗之内，亦可升取，并不必水擦釜顶，为甚便也，并不必沐浴以损
药力。既用滑石、黑铅为匮，则盐矾咸涩之味，俱从铅石拔尽，功力转更神异。但火候以缓
为贵，取药以少为良。此法为丹家不传之秘，颐不自私，公之海内。
（纲目）
【气味】辛温，有毒。
【主治】主下痰涎，消积滞，利水。
【核】曰∶升炼之法，用真 粉一两，入瓦罐内，以铁盏仰盖罐口，盐泥封固。先以小
炭火铺罐底，及四围，约香炷半，尝用水擦盏，勿令间断。遂渐加火至罐颈，约香一炷，去
火冷定，霜即成矣。
【 】曰∶《嘉 》所谓水银粉，今之所谓粉霜者是也。纲目所谓粉霜，今之所谓轻粉
者是也。第轻粉轻盈如雪，腻滑如粉，色纯白无间，不假外物，升结釜顶，所谓清秋月转霜
轮也。盖龙从火得，金向水求，正指此耳。以 木也龙，丹之化也。丹即丹砂火， 为习坎
水，转作西白金，离沉重，化轻盈，所谓显诸金而凝霜白也。故可入肺，下痰涎，消积滞，
利水道以除肺眚，此藉轻盈以化沉重耳。近世用点淫疮，致毒入浸骨髓，或骨析筋焦，肌糜
肤剥，死不药救者。以淫疮从骨髓受，还从骨髓出。是转沉重为轻盈，用作点饵；是转轻盈
为沉重，仍从外入之内也。若水银粉者，合皂白二矾石，海盐火硝而升者，嫩色黄，老色白，
取用贵黄不贵白也。仅合白矾、硝石而升者，嫩色赤，老色紫，取用贵嫩不贵老也。顾所升
之质，即本有能升之 ；所显之色，与味之醇烈，即缘盐矾硝石，合化以成黄白紫赤耳。故
味醇则气清而色黄赤；味烈则气浊而色紫白。黄赤点饵咸宜，紫白必藉退却阴符为沐浴，不
若铅关寒水为匮之纯粹精也。所谓鸿洞未分之气，显诸土而峭粉黄，显诸火而还丹赤，从水
觅金，金从水得也。故通肺腑之大肠，杀肺形皮毛之疮疥癣虫，及肩项肺部之瘰 ，鼻根肺
窍之酒渣风疮瘙痒也。近世以味醇黄嫩者，点疮毒顽肉；赤嫩者，弥诸疮毒肤皮，捷如影响。
亦可饵服，净洁淫疮，取效固速。第骨髓与形脏之至毒，从经气会归于胃，循胃上口而出，
多致口烂舌断，人多畏之，罔敢轻试。盖毒从口出，已达空窍，而反口舌断烂者，谓人卧气
归于脏，而会于胃，胃气上熏，毒不得泄，故并发口舌耳。丹家秘诀，卧时衔管，则毒瓦斯从
管外泄，斯无糜烂之为患矣。
（宋嘉祐本草）
【气味】味辛，性冷，无毒。
【主治】主要通畅大肠，治疗小儿疳积痹症及瘰疬，杀灭疥癣寄生虫，以及消除鼻部酒渣鼻、风疮引起的瘙痒。
【考证】曰：升炼水银粉的方法，分为红、白两种。白色的是用水银一两，白矾二两，海盐一两，皂矾一两，焰硝二两，共同研磨至不见星点。装入罐内，先用滑石九两，研磨极细，用水飞法处理，晒干后再研；再用黑铅四两，分成几块，打成薄片；一层滑石，一层铅片，铺置在药物上面，夯实至极紧密，上部留出数寸空隙，使药气容易转化。用盏盖住罐口，先在灰火中慢慢煨烤罐底，听罐里没有声音，然后扎紧固定，用盐泥密封罐口。先用底火燃一炷香的时间，接着用二寸高的火，逐渐增加到三寸高的火，燃烧两炷香的时间。用火时，用凉水擦拭盏的内部。火候充足后，撤去火源冷却定型，药物升华到盏上及空处了。红色的只用水银一两，焰硝二两，白矾二两，共同研磨极细。升炼的方法，全部与白色的一样。即在釜碗之内，也可以升取，并不必用水擦拭釜顶，非常方便，也不必经过沐浴工序以免损耗药力。既然使用滑石、黑铅作为容器，那么盐、矾咸涩的味道，都从铅石中被拔除干净，功效更加神异。只是火候以缓慢为贵，取药以少量为佳。此法是炼丹家不传的秘诀，卢之颐不自私藏，公之于天下。
（本草纲目）
【气味】味辛，性温，有毒。
【主治】主要降下痰涎，消除积滞，通利水道。
【考证】曰：升炼的方法，用真粉霜一两，放入瓦罐内，用铁盏仰盖在罐口，用盐泥密封固定。先用小炭火铺在罐底及四周，约半炷香的时间，经常用水擦拭铁盏，不要让它间断。然后逐渐加火至罐颈，约一炷香的时间，撤去火源冷却定型，霜就形成了。
【注释】曰：《嘉祐本草》所谓的水银粉，就是现在所谓的粉霜。《本草纲目》所谓的粉霜，就是现在所谓的轻粉。只是轻粉轻盈如雪，腻滑如粉，颜色纯白无杂质，不假借外物，升华结集在釜顶，正像清秋月转动的霜轮一样。大概龙从火中获得，金向水中寻求，正是指这个意思。以木为龙，是丹砂的转化。丹砂即朱砂经火炼制，化为习坎之水，转作西白金，离开沉重，化为轻盈，正显现出金色而凝结成白色的霜。所以可以入肺，降下痰涎，消除积滞，通利水道以清除肺部的疾病，这是借助轻盈来化解沉重。近代用它点涂淫疮，导致毒邪深入骨髓，或者骨骼分解筋脉焦枯，肌肉糜烂皮肤剥落，死亡无法用药救治的。因为淫疮从骨髓受邪，还从骨髓排出。这是将沉重转化为轻盈，用作点涂或内服；这是将轻盈转化为沉重，仍然从外部进入内部。至于水银粉，合用皂矾和白矾，加上海盐、火硝而升炼的，嫩的颜色黄，老的颜色白，取用时以黄色为贵而不以白色为贵。只合用白矾、硝石而升炼的，嫩的颜色赤，老的颜色紫，取用时以嫩色为贵而不以老色为贵。然而所升炼的物质，就是原本具有能升炼的性质；所显现的颜色，与味道的醇厚猛烈，就是因为盐、矾、硝石，化合而成黄、白、紫、赤等色。所以味道醇厚则气清而色黄赤；味道猛烈则气浊而色紫白。黄赤色的点涂或内服都适宜，紫白色的必须借助退却阴符进行沐浴处理，不如用铅关寒水作为容器的纯粹精微。所谓鸿洞未分的气，显现在土中而峭立成黄色的粉，显现在火中而还丹变红色，从水中寻找金，金从水中获得。所以通畅肺腑的大肠，杀灭肺形皮毛的疮疥癣虫，以及肩项肺部出现的瘰疬，鼻根肺窍的酒渣鼻、风疮瘙痒等。近代用味道醇厚黄嫩的，点涂疮毒顽肉；赤嫩的，弥散各种疮毒肤皮，快捷如影随形。也可以内服，净化洁净淫疮，取得效果确实迅速。只是骨髓与形脏中的剧毒，从经气会归于胃，顺着胃上口而出，多导致口腔腐烂舌头断裂，人们大多畏惧它，不敢轻易尝试。大概毒邪从口出，已经到达空窍，反而导致口舌断烂的原因，是因为人卧睡时气归于脏腑，而会聚于胃，胃气上熏，毒邪不得宣泄，所以并发于口舌。炼丹家的秘诀，睡觉时含着管子，则毒瓦斯从管外泄出，这样就没有糜烂的祸患了。
(Song Jiayou Bencao)
[Flavor and Nature] Pungent, cold, non-toxic.
[Indications] Primarily unblocks the large intestine, treats pediatric gan accumulation (malnutrition syndrome) with bi-syndrome (obstruction) and scrofula (tuberculous lymphadenitis), kills parasites causing scabies and tinea, and eliminates nasal rosacea and itching caused by wind sores.
[Verification] It is said: The method of sublimating mercury powder is divided into red and white types. For the white type, use 1 qian of Mercury (Hydrargyrum), 2 qian of Alum (Alumen), 1 qian of Sea Salt (Mare Sal), 1 qian of Green Vitriol (Melanterite), and 2 qian of Saltpeter (Natrii Nitras), grinding them together until no star-like particles are visible. Store in a jar. First, use 9 liang of Talcum (Talcum), grind it extremely fine, process by water flotation (water flying), dry it, and grind again; then use 4 liang of Black Lead (Plumbum), divide it into several pieces, beat into thin sheets; layer the Talcum and Lead sheets, place them on top of the medicine, compact it extremely firmly, leaving a few cun empty at the top to allow the medicinal qi to transform easily. Cover the jar mouth with a bowl/lid. First, slowly roast the bottom of the jar in ash fire. When there is no sound inside the jar, secure it tightly, and seal the jar mouth with salt mud. Start with a base fire for one incense stick's duration, then use a two-cun high fire, gradually increasing to a three-cun high fire for two incense sticks' duration. While using fire, wipe the inside of the lid with cool water. Once the fire is sufficient, remove the heat and let it cool down. The medicine sublimes onto the lid and the empty space above. For the red type, use only 1 qian of Mercury (Hydrargyrum), 2 qian of Saltpeter (Natrii Nitras), and 2 qian of Alum (Alumen), grinding them extremely fine. The sublimation method is exactly the same as the white type. It can also be collected within a pot or bowl, without needing to wipe the top of the pot with water, which is very convenient, and does not require bathing processes that might damage the medicinal potency. Since Talcum and Black Lead are used as containers, the salty and astringent flavors of salt and alum are completely extracted by the lead and stone, making the efficacy even more miraculous. However, the fire control should prioritize slowness, and obtaining the medicine should prioritize small quantities. This method is a secret kept by alchemists. Lu Zhiyi does not keep it private but makes it public to the world.
(Bencao Gangmu / Compendium of Materia Medica)
[Flavor and Nature] Pungent, warm, toxic.
[Indications] Primarily descends phlegm-saliva, eliminates stagnation, and promotes urination (benefits water passages).
[Verification] It is said: The sublimation method uses 1 qian of genuine Frost Powder (Calomelas/Fen Shuang), placed in a clay jar. An iron bowl is inverted to cover the jar mouth, sealed with salt mud. First, spread small charcoal fire at the bottom and around the jar for about half an incense stick's duration. Frequently wipe the iron bowl with water without interruption. Then gradually increase the fire to the neck of the jar for about one incense stick's duration. Remove the heat and let it cool down. The frost forms.
[Annotation] It is said: The "Mercury Powder" mentioned in *Jiayou Bencao* is what is now called "Frost Powder" (Fen Shuang). The "Frost Powder" mentioned in *Bencao Gangmu* is what is now called "Light Powder" (Qing Fen/Calomelas). Light Powder is light as snow, smooth and greasy like powder, pure white without impurities, formed without external substances, sublimating and collecting on the top of the pot, resembling the frost wheel turning in the clear autumn moon. Essentially, Dragon comes from Fire, Metal seeks Water, which refers to this. Wood represents Dragon, indicating the transformation of Cinnabar (Zhusha). Cinnabar, when fired, transforms into Kan Water (Water element), turning into Western White Gold (Metal), departing from heaviness and transforming into lightness, manifesting gold color and condensing into white frost. Thus, it can enter the Lung, descend phlegm-saliva, eliminate stagnation, benefit water passages to remove lung diseases, utilizing lightness to resolve heaviness. In recent times, using it to spot-treat venereal sores has caused toxins to penetrate deeply into the bone marrow, leading to bone disintegration, tendon burning, muscle decay, and skin peeling, resulting in death where medication cannot save. Because venereal sores originate from the bone marrow, they exit through the bone marrow. This transforms heaviness into lightness for spot-treatment or ingestion; it transforms lightness into heaviness, re-entering from the exterior to the interior. As for Mercury Powder, combined with Green Vitriol and White Alum, Sea Salt, and Saltpeter and sublimated, the tender form is yellow, the aged form is white; yellow is preferred over white. Combined only with White Alum and Saltpeter and sublimated, the tender form is red, the aged form is purple; tender is preferred over aged. However, the substance sublimated possesses the inherent ability to sublime; the manifested colors and the purity/intensity of the flavor result from the combination and transformation of Salt, Alum, and Saltpeter into yellow, white, purple, and red. Therefore, if the flavor is mellow, the qi is clear and the color is yellow-red; if the flavor is intense, the qi is turbid and the color is purple-white. Yellow-red forms are suitable for both spot-treatment and ingestion; purple-white forms must undergo "bathing" (detoxification processing) using Yin Fu (likely referring to specific alchemical detoxification methods), unlike the pure essence obtained when using Lead and Cold Water as containers. This refers to the undifferentiated primordial Qi, manifesting as yellow powder in Earth, and returning to red Cinnabar in Fire; seeking Metal in Water, Metal is obtained from Water. Thus, it unblocks the Large Intestine of the Lung-Fu system, kills parasites causing sores, scabies, and tinea on the skin and hair of the Lung form, and treats scrofula in the shoulder, neck, and lung regions, as well as nasal rosacea and wind-sores itching at the nasal root and lung orifices. In recent times, the mellow, tender, yellow form is used to spot-treat sore toxins and stubborn flesh; the tender red form is applied to various sore toxins on the skin, acting swiftly like an echo. It can also be ingested to purify venereal sores, achieving rapid results. However, the extreme toxicity in the bone marrow and form-zang organs converges via the meridians into the Stomach, exits through the upper opening of the Stomach, often causing oral ulceration and tongue severance. People fear it and dare not try it lightly. The reason why toxins exiting the mouth reach the orifices but instead cause oral and tongue ulceration is that when lying down, Qi returns to the Zang organs and converges in the Stomach. Stomach Qi steams upward, preventing toxin excretion, thus causing simultaneous oral and tongue lesions. The secret of alchemists is to hold a tube while sleeping, allowing toxic vapors to escape externally through the tube, thus avoiding the disaster of erosion.