（纲目）
【气味】甘平，无毒。
【主治】主煎调脾胃，去湿热之圣药。
【核】曰∶雨水曰潦，疾雨曰骤，徐雨曰零，久雨曰苦雨，曰愁霖，雨晴曰霁，时雨曰
澍，雨而昼晴曰启也。盖雨从云下，天地气和而为雨，怒而为风。故凡易称雨者，皆和之象
也。诗云∶有 萋萋，兴雨祁祁。 ，阴雨也，或作 。 ，水气之云也。传云∶雨，云水
气。萋萋，盛貌。祁祁，徐貌。盖云欲盛，盛则雨足，雨欲徐，徐则入土，且亦云气不待族
而雨者，非阴之和也。故诗云以萋萋，雨以祁祁为善尔。诗曰∶灵雨既零，命彼倌人，星言
夙驾，税于乘田。瑞应图云∶灵雨，瑞雨也。降而应物，谓之灵雨。星，晴也。言夜而雨，
夙而星见，于是督劝农乘，此传所谓务材训农者也。盐铁论云∶周公之时，雨不破块，风不
鸣条，雨则必以夜。夜者，正雨之时也。诗云∶我来自东，零雨其 ， 善沾濡，又喜阴结，
不解羁旅之愁，于是为甚，诗以言其情也。雨无正曰，雨自上下者也。众多如雨，而非所以
为政也。政者，正也。夫文一止为正，众多如雨，则无正矣。诗云∶月离于毕，俾滂沱矣
又曰∶益之以 滂沱，大雨也；小雨谓之 。释名曰∶言淋沥沾浸，如人之沐，唯
及其上支而已，根不濡也。盖 膏润于土，如人之脉，故曰 也。说文云∶秋 浓 ，故谓
之麦。然则 言其上， 言其下也。诗云∶艽艽黍苗，阴雨膏之，方暑之苗也。暑雨暴息，
无阴云以覆之，日随蒸焉，则苗槁矣。将以润之，乃所害之也。故诗以阴雨为善。俗谚五月
谓之分龙雨，曰隔辙。言夏雨多暴至，龙各有分域，雨 往往隔一辙而异也。易云∶密云不
雨，目我西郊，言小畜也。畜者，畜也。升气又自乎西，故能为密云而已。盖入药之潦，宜
取阴云之雨。斯本天地之和，本草取霪雨为潦，是非阴阳之正矣。备录经雅用供博粲云尔。
【 】曰∶地气上为云，天气下为雨。雨出地气，云出天气，交互升沉，沛然降注也。
对待水寒独沉，俾之起亟，熏肤充身，泽毛若雾露之溉欤。别录主调煎脾胃之圣药。经言人
之脾胃以地土名之，人之气汗，以风雨状之，器界益根身，疏相培亲相，无情于有情，互相
感召耳。
【纲目】
【气味】味甘，性平，无毒。
【主治】是调理脾胃、清除湿热的圣药。
【核】说：雨水称为潦，急雨称为骤，慢雨称为零，久雨称为苦雨或愁霖，雨后天晴称为霁，应时之雨称为澍，下雨而白天放晴称为启。大概雨水从云下降落，天地之气和谐交融而形成雨，激荡则形成风。所以凡是《易经》中提到的雨，都是和谐的象征。《诗经》说：“萋萋草木茂盛，祁祁细雨徐降。”“ ”指阴雨，有时写作“ ”。“ ”是水气形成的云。传注说：雨，是云中的水气。“萋萋”，形容茂盛的样子；“祁祁”，形容缓慢的样子。大概云层想要茂盛，茂盛了雨水就充足；雨水想要缓慢，缓慢了就能渗入土壤。而且如果云气不待聚集就下雨，就不是阴气的和谐状态。所以《诗经》认为草木萋萋、细雨徐降才是好的。《诗经》又说：“灵雨已经落下，命令那些管家，星夜早起驾车，在田舍休息。”《瑞应图》说：灵雨，就是祥瑞之雨。降落而应合万物，称为灵雨。星，指晴天。意思是夜里下雨，早晨天晴见星，于是督促鼓励农耕，这就是传注所说的致力于物资、教导农民。《盐铁论》说：周公时代，雨不打破土块，风吹不使树枝鸣响，下雨一定在夜间。夜间，正是下雨的合适时候。《诗经》说：“我从东方来，细雨绵绵，”“ ”善于沾湿滋润，又喜欢阴冷凝结，不解羁旅之愁，因此尤为严重，《诗经》以此表达情感。《诗·小雅·雨无正》说：雨是从上往下落的。众多得像雨一样，但这并不是用来治理政事的依据。政，就是正。文字中一个“止”字即为“正”，众多得像雨一样，就没有“正”了。《诗经》说：“月亮靠近毕宿，就会下大雨。”又说：“加上滂沱大雨，是大雨；小雨称为 。”《释名》说：言淋沥浸湿，像人洗头洗澡，只有及其上部肢体而已，根部并不湿润。大概 膏滋润于土壤，像人的血脉，所以称为 。《说文解字》说：秋 浓 ，所以称之为麦。那么 言其上面， 言其下面。《诗经》说：“黍苗高高，阴雨滋润它，这是暑热时的禾苗。”暑雨突然停止，没有阴云覆盖，太阳随之蒸发，禾苗就会枯槁。想要滋润它，反而是害它。所以《诗经》认为阴雨是好的。俗谚五月称为分龙雨，叫作隔辙。说夏雨多暴至，龙各有分管地域，雨往往隔开一条车辙就不同了。《易经》说：“密云不雨，自我西郊”，说的是小畜卦。畜，是蓄积的意思。上升的气又从西边来，所以只能形成密云罢了。大概入药的潦水，适宜取用阴云下的雨。这本来符合天地之和，《本草》取淫雨为潦，就不符合阴阳的正道了。详细记录经书雅义，供博学者参考罢了。
【 】说：地气上升为云，天气下降为雨。雨出自地气，云出自天气，交互升降，沛然降注。对待水寒独沉的特性，使其迅速升起，熏蒸肌肤充实身体，润泽毛发如同雾露灌溉一般。《别录》称其为调理脾胃的圣药。经文说人的脾胃用地土命名，人的气汗用风雨比喻，器界滋养根身，疏相培亲相，无情之物对有情之物，互相感召罢了。
[General Information]
[Flavor and Properties] Sweet in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic.
[Indications] It is the supreme medicine for regulating the Spleen and Stomach and eliminating damp-heat.
[Analysis] It is said: Rainwater is called "Liao" (rainwater collected on the ground), sudden rain is called "Zhou", slow rain is called "Ling", prolonged rain is called "Ku Yu" (bitter rain) or "Chou Lin" (melancholy drizzle), rain clearing after falling is called "Ji", timely rain is called "Shu", and rain that clears during the day is called "Qi". Generally, rain descends from clouds; when the Qi of Heaven and Earth harmonizes, rain forms; when it agitates, wind forms. Therefore, whenever rain is mentioned in the *I Ching* (Book of Changes), it represents an image of harmony. The *Classic of Poetry* says: "The lush vegetation thrives, the gentle rain falls slowly." " " refers to overcast rain, sometimes written as " ". " " refers to clouds formed by water vapor. Commentaries state: Rain is water vapor within clouds. "Qiqi" describes a lush appearance; "Qiqi" describes a slow manner. Generally, if clouds wish to be lush, lushness ensures sufficient rain; if rain wishes to fall slowly, slowness allows it to penetrate the soil. Moreover, if rain falls before cloud masses gather, it is not a sign of Yin harmony. Thus, the *Classic of Poetry* considers lush vegetation and slow rain as auspicious. The *Classic of Poetry* also states: "The spiritual rain has fallen, commanding the servants to drive their carts early under the stars, resting at the fields." The *Ruiying Tu* (Chart of Auspicious Responses) states: Spiritual rain is auspicious rain. Descending to respond to all things, it is called spiritual rain. "Star" indicates clear weather. This means it rained at night, and by morning the stars were visible, prompting supervision and encouragement of farming, which corresponds to the commentary's description of managing resources and instructing farmers. The *Yantie Lun* (Discourses on Salt and Iron) states: In the time of the Duke of Zhou, rain did not break clods, and wind did not make branches sing; rain always occurred at night. Night is the proper time for rain. The *Classic of Poetry* says: "I came from the east, the fine rain drizzled," " " is good at moistening and nourishing, yet fond of cold condensation, failing to dispel the sorrow of travel, thus becoming particularly severe; the poem expresses this emotion. *Xiao Ya · Yu Wu Zheng* states: Rain falls from above. Numerous like rain, but this is not suitable for governance. Governance means correctness. In character formation, one 'stop' constitutes 'correct'; numerous like rain implies a lack of 'correctness'. The *Classic of Poetry* says: "When the moon approaches the Bi constellation, heavy rains follow." It also says: "Adding torrential downpours, these are heavy rains; light rain is called ." The *Shiming* (Explaining Names) states: Speaking of dripping and soaking, like a person bathing, only the upper limbs are wetted, while the roots remain dry. Generally, [the substance] moistens the soil like human blood vessels, hence it is called . The *Shuowen Jiezi* states: Autumn [wheat] is dense, hence it is called wheat. Thus, [term A] refers to the upper part, and [term B] refers to the lower part. The *Classic of Poetry* says: "Tall millet shoots, moistened by overcast rain, are seedlings in the heat." If summer rain stops suddenly without cloud cover, the sun evaporates moisture, and the seedlings wither. To moisten them would be harmful. Thus, the *Classic of Poetry* regards overcast rain as beneficial. Folk proverbs call May rain "Dragon-Separating Rain," known as "Wheel-Separating." It is said that summer rains often arrive violently; each dragon has its own domain, so rain often differs across a single wheel track. The *I Ching* states: "Thick clouds but no rain, from my western suburb," referring to the Hexagram Xiao Chu (Small Taming). Chu means accumulation. Rising Qi comes from the west, so it can only form thick clouds. Generally, Liao water used in medicine should be taken from rain under overcast clouds. This originally aligns with the harmony of Heaven and Earth. Taking continuous rain as Liao in Materia Medica does not conform to the orthodoxy of Yin and Yang. These classics and elegant terms are recorded in detail for the reference of scholars.
[Commentary] It is said: Earthly Qi rises to become clouds, Heavenly Qi descends to become rain. Rain originates from Earthly Qi, clouds from Heavenly Qi; they interact through rising and sinking, descending vigorously. Regarding the property of water being cold and sinking alone, let it rise promptly, steaming the skin, filling the body, and moisturizing hair like mist and dew irrigation. *Bencao Jing Jiuyi* (Supplement to the Divine Farmer's Materia Medica) calls it the supreme medicine for regulating and decocting the Spleen and Stomach. The Classics state that human Spleen and Stomach are named after earth and soil, and human sweat/Qi is described using wind and rain metaphors. The realm of utensils nourishes the root body; Shu (dispersing) and Xiang (mutual) cultivate Qin (closeness) and Xiang (relation); the lifeless reciprocally感召 (induces/resonates) with the sentient.