（本经中品）
含蓄者，自然酝藉；发露者，自然浅薄。
【气味】辛温，无毒。
【主治】主除风邪气，温中，去寒痹，坚齿发，明目。久服轻身，好颜色，耐老，增年，
通
【核】曰∶秦椒花椒也。始产于秦，今处处有之，极易繁衍。其叶对生，尖而有刺。四
月生细花。五月结青实，熟则红赤，大于蜀椒，其目不及蜀椒之光且黑也。恶栝蒌、防葵，
畏雄黄。
【 】曰∶椒分秦、蜀者，不惟方域异。大小牝牡有别也。秦地者，开花结实、实大于
牡；蜀地者，无花作实，实小于牝，其色馨气味，精胜实肤，与温中通痹，主司形气则一也。
但无花者，性深邃，力从内骨。横遍肤表，主益气而归肺。有花者，性舒徐，力从中脏，横
遍皮毛，明目窍，坚骨余，主通神而归心为别异耳。盖中脏通乎神，故久服轻身，好颜色，
耐老增年，通神也。
（本经中品）
【气味】苦寒，无毒。
【主治】主五脏肠胃中积热，黄胆肠痔，止泄痢，女子漏下赤白，阴伤蚀疮。
【核】曰∶出汉中山谷，及永昌、邵陵、山东诸处，今唯蜀中者皮浓色深为佳。树高数
丈，叶似吴茱萸，又似紫椿，经冬不凋。皮外黄白，其里正黄，其根结块如松下茯苓，故根
名桓檀。修治，削去粗皮，生蜜浸半日，取出晒干，再以蜜涂，文武火炙令蜜尽为度。每柏
皮五两，用蜜三两。恶干漆，伏硫黄。
先人云∶黄本土色，可及五脏肠胃之科。苦寒相结，能解热结致疾之本。故本经主治热
结两
【 】曰∶树高根结，经冬不凋，味大苦，气大寒，禀太阳高广之象，得太阳寒水之化，
以
致疸痔泄漏，阴伤蚀疮，种种证形，热解则清而愈矣。设散漫流注之火热，所当避忌，如火
实类结，亦可假用火空则发之义耳。
（柏木高，柏根结，而专精者皮，则皮具全木之体与用矣。）
（《神农本草经》列为中品药材）
含蓄内敛的，是自然蕴藉深厚的表现；显露外扬的，是自然浅薄无根的表现。
【气味】辛味、温性，无毒。
【主治】主要祛除风邪之气，温暖中焦脾胃，去除寒性痹症，坚固牙齿和头发，明亮双目。长期服用可使身体轻健，面色红润好看，延缓衰老，增加寿命，通利……
【考证】曰：秦椒就是花椒。最初产于秦国地区，如今各地都有，极易繁衍生长。它的叶子是对生的，尖端有刺。四月生出细小的花朵。五月结出青色果实，成熟后变成红赤色，比蜀椒大，但籽粒不如蜀椒光亮且黑。它厌恶栝蒌、防葵，畏惧雄黄。
【注释】曰：花椒分为秦椒和蜀椒，不仅因为地域不同，还在于大小、雌雄有别。秦地产的花椒，开花结果，果实较大属于雄性；蜀地产的花椒，不开花而直接结果，果实较小属于雌性。其色泽香气和气味方面，精华胜过表皮，在温中散寒、通利痹阻方面，主导形体与气机的作用是相同的。只是不开花的（蜀椒），药性深邃，力量作用于内在骨骼；横布于皮肤表面，主要益气并归于肺经。开花的（秦椒），药性舒缓，力量作用于内部脏腑，横布于皮毛，明亮孔窍，坚固骨骼之余，主要通神并归于心经，这是它们的区别所在。大概是因为内腑通达神明，所以长期服用能身体轻健，面色好，耐老增年，这就是通神的功效。
（《神农本草经》列为中品药材）
【气味】苦味、寒性，无毒。
【主治】主要清除五脏肠胃中的积热，治疗黄疸、肠痔，止住泄泻痢疾，治疗女子赤白带下漏血，阴部损伤溃烂生疮。
【考证】曰：出产于汉中山谷，以及永昌、邵陵、山东等地，如今只有蜀地所产者皮厚色深为佳品。树高达数丈，叶子像吴茱萸，又像紫椿，过冬不凋谢。树皮外面呈黄白色，里面呈正黄色，根部结成块状如同松下的茯苓，所以根部名叫桓檀。炮制方法：削去粗皮，用生蜜浸泡半天，取出晒干，再用蜜涂抹，用文武火炙烤直到蜜汁完全渗入为止。每五两柏皮，使用三两蜜。它厌恶干漆，被硫黄制服。
祖先曾说：黄色是本原之色，可以对应五脏肠胃的类别。苦味与寒性相结合，能够解除因热结导致疾病的根本原因。所以《本经》主治热结……
【注释】曰：树木高大，根部结实，过冬不凋谢，味道极苦，气性极寒，禀受太阳高广的形象，得到太阳寒水的化育，因此对于黄疸、痔疮、泄漏（如遗精、带下）、阴部损伤蚀疮等各种证候形态，只要热邪解除，就会清静而痊愈。如果是散漫流注的火热之邪，应当避忌；如果是如火实类结聚的情况，也可以借用“火空则发”的道理来处理。
(Shennong Bencao Jing, Middle Category)
Those that are reserved and implicit possess natural depth and elegance; those that are exposed and revealed possess natural shallowness.
[Flavor and Nature] Acrid, Warm, Non-toxic.
[Indications] Primarily expels wind-pathogenic factors, warms the middle jiao (middle energizer), eliminates cold-bi syndrome, strengthens teeth and hair, and brightens the eyes. Long-term consumption lightens the body, improves complexion, delays aging, increases lifespan, and promotes...
[Verification] States: Qin pepper is Huajiao (Zanthoxylum bungeanum). It originated in the Qin region, but is now found everywhere and propagates easily. Its leaves are opposite, pointed with thorns. Fine flowers appear in the fourth lunar month. Green fruits form in the fifth lunar month, turning red when ripe. They are larger than Shu pepper, but their seeds are not as lustrous or black as those of Shu pepper. It is incompatible with Gualou (Trichosanthes fruit) and Fangkui (Adenophora root), and fears Xionghuang (Realgar).
[Annotation] States: The distinction between Qin pepper and Shu pepper lies not only in geography but also in size and sexual dimorphism. Qin peppers flower and bear fruit, with larger fruits representing the "male" aspect; Shu peppers do not flower but directly bear fruit, with smaller fruits representing the "female" aspect. In terms of color, aroma, and flavor, the essence surpasses the skin. Both share the same function in warming the middle and unblocking bi obstruction to regulate form and qi. However, the non-flowering type (Shu pepper) has a profound nature, with its force acting from within the bones, spreading horizontally across the skin surface, primarily tonifying qi and directing to the Lung Meridian. The flowering type (Qin pepper) has a gentle nature, with its force acting from within the zang-organs, spreading horizontally across the hair and skin, brightening the orifices, strengthening the remaining bone structure, primarily promoting spirit and directing to the Heart Meridian. This constitutes their difference. Generally, because the interior organs connect to the spirit, long-term consumption leads to a lightened body, good complexion, resistance to aging, and increased longevity, which is the effect of connecting to the spirit.
(Shenneng Bencao Jing, Middle Category)
[Flavor and Nature] Bitter, Cold, Non-toxic.
[Indications] Primarily clears accumulated heat in the five zang-organs and intestines/stomach, treats jaundice and intestinal hemorrhoids, stops diarrhea and dysentery, treats leukorrhea and bloody discharge in women, and heals sores caused by yin injury and erosion.
[Verification] States: Originates from Zhongshan Valley in Han, as well as Yongchang, Shaoling, Shandong, and other places. Currently, only those from Shu with thick bark and deep color are considered best. The trees reach several zhang in height. Leaves resemble Wuzhuyu (Evodia fruit) and Zicun (Cedrela sinensis), remaining green through winter. The outer bark is yellowish-white, while the inner bark is bright yellow. The roots form clumps similar to Poria growing under pine trees, hence the root is called Huantan. Processing: Remove coarse bark, soak in raw honey for half a day, take out and dry, then coat with honey again. Roast over mild and strong fire until the honey is fully absorbed. For every 5 liang of Cinnamomum cassia bark (Note: Context implies Platycladus bark, likely a textual error in original or specific preparation method using Cassia bark metaphorically or erroneously recorded, but strictly translating text: Bo Pi/Cypress Bark), use 3 liang of honey. It is incompatible with Ganqi (Dried Lacquer), and is subdued by Liuhuang (Sulfur).
Ancestors stated: Yellow is the color of the earth, corresponding to the categories of the five zang-organs and intestines/stomach. The combination of bitter and cold flavors can resolve the root cause of disease induced by heat accumulation. Thus, the Bencao Jing indicates treatment for heat accumulation...
[Annotation] States: The tree is tall, the roots are solid, and it remains evergreen. The taste is extremely bitter, and the nature is extremely cold. It inherits the image of the high and broad Sun (Taiyang) and obtains the transformation of Sun-cold water. Therefore, for various symptoms such as jaundice, hemorrhoids, leakage (e.g., spermatorrhea, leukorrhea), yin injury, and erosive sores, once the heat is resolved, clarity returns and healing occurs. If dealing with scattered and flowing fire-heat, one should avoid it; if dealing with fire-heat resembling solid accumulation, one may borrow the principle of "fire rises when empty."
(The Cypress wood is tall, the cypress roots are solid, and the essence concentrates in the bark; thus, the bark possesses the complete substance and function of the entire tree.)