（别录上品）
【气味】苦甘，大热，无毒。
【主治】暖中，字乳、余疾，及头脑大风，汗出虚劳，寒冷，补中，益气，安心，止惊。
【核】曰∶羊类甚多，备载 羊角条核。
【 】曰∶羊，火属。子，羔，羊下有火，若火始然，可进而大，心畜也。其为药用，
通心，主血脉。经云∶藏真通于心，心藏血脉之气也。金匮要略羊肉汤，疗产后腹中 痛。
音鸠。鸠，急也。血涩于营，脉滞于摇也。别录广字乳余疾。字，女子字；乳，女生子。
余疾，疾解而不了了也。大风头脑，汗出虚劳寒冷者，木失达，火亡发也。发之达之，中乃
补，气乃益，惊乃止，心乃安，木郁达，火郁发，子藉母补，母叶子助也。
（别录中品）
【气味】辛味，温滑，无毒。
【主治】主金疮疮败。轻身，不饥，耐老。归骨除寒热，去水气，温中，散结气。作羹
食，利病患。诸疮，中风寒，水气，肿痛，捣涂之。日华曰∶煮食耐寒，调中，补不足，止
久利、冷泻，肥健人。
【核】曰∶薤，一名 （音叫） 子、 （音钓） 子、火葱、菜芝、鸿荟。生鲁山
平泽，所在亦有。八月裁根，正月分莳，宜白软良地。种法∶一本率七八支，支多者科辄圆
大，故以七八为率。尔雅云∶薤鸿荟，即此是也。状似韭，但韭叶中实而扁，有剑脊；薤叶
中空而稍圆，有棱线，嗅如葱。三月作花，细碎，紫白色，不结实。尔雅翼云∶薤似韭而无
实也。亦不甚荤，古礼脂用葱，膏用薤。膏，犬豕之属；脂，羊牛麋鹿之类。盖物各有所宜，
故薤与牛肉同啖，令人症瘕是矣。少仪云∶为君子择葱薤，则绝其本末，有萎干者也，麋鹿
鱼为泣，膺为薜鸡，野豕为轩，兔为宛脾，切葱若薤以实之，醯以柔之。言此四物，其作之
状，以醋与荤菜淹之，悉皆濡熟，杀肉及腥。盖虽荤物，乃能去腥，故古人不去而用之。第
野狼食之迷，虎啖之愦，鼠吞之毛落，狗嚼之反胃，独与兽不相宜也。今圃人种薤者，每用大
蒜置硫黄其中，久则种分为薤。薤有赤、白两种∶赤者苦无味，白者肥且美，可供食馔，充
药用，闽人目作素蔬，饭僧供佛，交天祀神，非此不称敬。别有一种，水晶葱，蒜根葱叶，
与薤相似，其臭不臭，亦其类也。按王祯农书云∶野薤，俗名天蒜。生麦原中，似薤而小，
味益辛，亦可供食，但不多有。尔雅所谓山韭者是矣。
【 】曰∶薤赤者，苦无味，主金疮，疗风水。薤白者肥甘，气 臭爽，充溢乎形气之
间，空可满而满可空，实可虚而虚可实也。传云∶五荤炼形，薤其一矣。夫物之英华之美者，
莫如芝，如莲曰水芝，芋曰土芝，蜜曰众口芝，薤曰菜芝，盖书之记务光翦薤，以入清冷之
渊，今薤叶篆，传者。以为务光所作。杜甫诗云∶束比青刍色，圆齐玉箸头，衰年关膈冷，
味暖并无忧。王祯云∶生则辛疏，熟堪温补，植之不蠹，嚼之有益，老者怡之，少者怀之，
学道人资之，疾病患赖之，未岂野狼餐虎噬，狗偷鼠窃，所能味其味哉。齐谐志有陆郭之兄，
罹天行疾，后颇善啖，日食非石斛不饱。经十载，致家贫行乞。一日饥极，遇圃有薤蒜者，
各啖一畦，卒闷绝仆地，顷吐物如笼，渐大如牛马，行人置粒饭于上，渐缩小，久消成水，
已而病寻瘳也。顾此不唯症瘕之可柔，饥疮之可疗，并可治中消，惩贪吏之腹矣。汉世太官
圃，冬种葱薤菜茹，覆以屋庑，昼夜然蕴以火，助其温澜乃生。召信臣为少府，以为不时之
物，食之伤人，不可以奉供养，奏罢之。又汉孔奋为姑，臧长妻也，但食葱薤菜 ，而义熙
中。太常谢澹生，遣四人还家种葱菜，免官人之贪，其贪廉之不同如此。今人多不采用，独
金匮有薤白白酒汤，治胸痹，卒病论有薤白白饮，主少阴四逆，下利，后重。闭者使之通，
泄者使之阖，枢机之用乎。
【别录上品】
【气味】味苦、甘，性大热，无毒。
【主治】温暖中焦，治疗产后乳汁分泌及余疾，以及头部受大风侵袭引起的病症，汗出导致的虚劳寒冷，补益中气，益气，安神，止惊悸。
【核】曰：羊的种类很多，详细记载在“羊角”条的考证中。
【 】曰：羊，五行属火。“子”即羔羊，“羊”字下方有“火”，如同火势刚开始燃烧，可以进而壮大，是心之畜（与心相应）。其药用功效，能通利心脏，主治血脉。经云：“脏真之气通于心，心藏血脉之气。”《金匮要略》中的羊肉汤，治疗产后腹中疼痛。
“痛”音同“鸠”。鸠，意为急迫。血行涩滞于营分，脉道阻滞于摇动之中。《别录》扩展了治疗产后乳汁不足及余疾的功效。“字”，指女子生育；“乳”，指女性生子。余疾，指疾病初愈但身体尚未完全恢复的状态。头部受大风侵袭、汗出、虚劳寒冷者，是因为木气不能疏达，火气不能宣发。宣发和疏达之后，中气得以补益，元气得以增益，惊悸得以停止，心神得以安宁，这是木郁得达、火郁得发的结果，也是子借母补、母叶子助的道理。
【别录中品】
【气味】味辛，性温滑，无毒。
【主治】主治金疮溃烂不愈。能使身体轻健，不觉饥饿，延缓衰老。归入骨中，消除寒热，去除水气，温暖中焦，散结气。做成羹汤食用，有利于病患。各种疮疡，中风寒，水气，肿痛，捣碎后外涂。日华子说：煮食可抵御寒冷，调和脾胃，补益不足，治疗久泻、冷泻，使人肥壮健康。
【核】曰：薤，又名 （音叫）子、 （音钓）子、火葱、菜芝、鸿荟。生长在鲁山和平泽，各地也有生长。八月收割根部，正月分株栽种，以白色软嫩者为良地适宜种植。种植方法：一株通常生七八支，分支多的植株就圆大，所以以七八支为率。《尔雅》说：薤即鸿荟，就是这种植物。形状像韭菜，但韭菜叶中间实心而扁平，有剑脊般的棱；薤叶中空而稍圆，有棱线，气味像葱。三月开花，花细碎，紫白色，不结实。《尔雅翼》说：薤像韭菜但没有果实。也不属于很辛辣的荤菜，古礼规定祭祀用脂时用葱，用膏时用薤。膏，指犬猪之类动物的脂肪；脂，指牛羊麋鹿之类动物的脂肪。大概万物各有适宜之处，所以薤与牛肉同吃，会导致人形成症瘕（腹部肿块）。《少仪》说：为君子挑选葱薤时，要切断其根部和末端枯萎的部分，麋鹿鱼称为泣，膺部称为薛鸡，野猪称为轩，兔子称为宛脾，切葱若薤填入其中，用醋浸泡使其柔嫩。说的是这四样东西，制作时的状态，用醋和荤菜腌制，全都变得濡熟，去除肉腥味。虽然属于荤物，却能去腥，所以古人不去除而使用它。只是野狼吃了会迷失方向，老虎吃了会昏乱，老鼠吞下会掉毛，狗嚼了会反胃，唯独与兽类不相宜。现在园丁种植薤时，常在大蒜中放置硫黄，时间久了种子就会变成薤。薤有赤、白两种：红色的味道苦涩无味，白色的肥美，可供饮食，也可作药用，福建人将其视为素蔬，供僧人吃饭、供奉佛像、祭祀天地神灵，不用此物便显得不恭敬。还有一种，水晶葱，蒜根葱叶，与薤相似，气味不臭，也属于同类。据王祯《农书》说：野薤，俗名天蒜。生长在麦田原野中，比薤小，味道更辛辣，也可供食用，但不多见。这就是《尔雅》所说的山韭。
【 】曰：红色的薤，味苦涩无味，主治金疮，治疗风水病。白色的薤肥甘，气味清香爽利，充盈于形体和气之间，空可以满，满可以空，实可以虚，虚可以实。传说：五荤炼形，薤是其中之一。事物中英华美好的，没有超过灵芝的，如莲称为水芝，芋称为土芝，蜜称为众口芝，薤称为菜芝，大概是书中记载务光剪薤，进入清冷深渊，如今薤字的篆书，流传说是务光所作。杜甫诗云：“束比青刍色，圆齐玉箸头，衰年关膈冷，味暖并无忧。”王祯说：生吃则辛散，煮熟则温补，种植不生虫，咀嚼有益处，老人喜欢它，年轻人怀念它，修道之人依靠它，患病者依赖它，难道野狼餐虎噬、狗偷鼠窃，能品味其中的滋味吗？《齐谐志》记载陆郭的哥哥，遭受天行疫疾，后来很喜欢吃东西，每天不吃石斛就不饱。过了十年，导致家贫行乞。一天极度饥饿，遇到菜园里有种薤蒜的人，各吃了一畦，突然闷绝倒地，一会儿吐出的东西像笼子一样，渐渐大到像牛马，行人放一粒饭在上面，渐渐缩小，很久后消化成水，不久病就好了。看来这不仅能软化症瘕，治疗饥疮，还可以治疗中消证，惩戒贪官污吏的肚子啊。汉代太官圃，冬天种植葱薤菜茹，覆盖房屋廊庑，昼夜燃烧蕴火，借助温热之气使其生长。召信臣任少府时，认为这些是不当季之物，食用伤人，不可以用来供奉供养，上奏罢免了这些种植。又汉代孔奋做姑臧长时，他的妻子只吃葱薤菜 ，而在义熙年间，太常谢澹出生，派四人回家种葱菜，免除官员的贪婪，他们的贪廉不同如此。现在人多不采用，只有《金匮要略》中有薤白白酒汤，治疗胸痹，《伤寒论》中有薤白白酒饮，主治少阴四逆，下利，后重。闭者使之通，泄者使之阖，这是枢机的作用啊。
[Recorded in Bie Lu, Upper Grade]
【Flavor and Nature】Bitter and sweet, greatly hot, non-toxic.
【Indications】Warms the middle jiao (middle burner), treats postpartum lactation issues and residual diseases, as well as conditions caused by severe wind affecting the head, deficiency cold due to sweating, tonifies the middle, benefits qi, calms the mind, and stops palpitations/fright.
【Analysis】It is said: There are many types of sheep, which are detailed in the analysis of "Sheep Horn".
【Commentary】Sheep belongs to Fire. "Zi" refers to lamb. The character "Yang" (sheep) contains "Huo" (fire) at the bottom, resembling fire just starting to burn, capable of growing larger; it is the animal associated with the Heart. Its medicinal efficacy can unblock the Heart and govern the blood vessels. The Classics state: "The Zhen Qi (True Qi) of the organs connects to the Heart, and the Heart stores the Qi of the blood vessels." The Lamb Decoction (Yang Rou Tang) from *Jin Gui Yao Lue* treats abdominal pain after childbirth.
"Tong" (pain) sounds like "Jiu". Jiu means urgent. Blood stagnates in the Ying (Nutritive) level, and the pulse is obstructed and trembling. *Bie Lu* expands on treating postpartum lactation and residual diseases. "Zi" refers to a woman giving birth; "Ru" refers to a female bearing a child. Residual disease refers to the state where the illness has resolved but the body has not fully recovered. For those suffering from severe wind in the head, sweating, deficiency cold, and exhaustion, it is because Wood Qi fails to disperse and Fire Qi fails to vent. By venting and dispersing, the Middle becomes tonified, Qi is benefited, fright is stopped, and the Heart is calmed. This is the result of dispersing Wood depression and venting Fire depression, illustrating the principle that the child borrows support from the mother, and the mother assists the child.
[Recorded in Bie Lu, Middle Grade]
【Flavor and Nature】Pungent, warm and slippery, non-toxic.
【Indications】Mainly treats open wounds that fail to heal. Makes the body light, reduces hunger, and delays aging. Enters the bones, eliminates cold-heat alternations, removes fluid retention, warms the middle, and dissipates nodular qi. Made into soup for consumption, it benefits patients. For various sores, wind-cold, fluid retention, swelling, and pain, crush and apply externally. Ri Hua Zi says: Boiled and eaten, it resists cold, harmonizes the middle, tonifies deficiencies, treats chronic diarrhea and cold-type diarrhea, and makes people fat and strong.
【Analysis】It is said: Xie (Allium macrostemon), also known as (sound 'jiao') zi, (sound 'diao') zi, Fire Scallion, Vegetable Lingzhi, Hong Hui. It grows in Lushan and flat marshes, and is found everywhere. Harvest roots in August, divide and transplant in January. White and soft varieties grown in suitable land are best. Planting method: One plant typically produces seven or eight stalks; those with more branches grow rounder and larger, hence the standard of seven or eight. *Erya* states: Xie is Hong Hui, which is this plant. Its shape resembles leek, but leek leaves are solid and flat with a sword-like ridge; Xie leaves are hollow and slightly round with ridges, smelling like scallions. Flowers in March, small and fragmented, purple-white, does not produce seeds. *Erya Yi* states: Xie resembles leek but bears no fruit. It is not considered a strongly pungent vegetable. Ancient rituals specified using scallion with tallow (yang/cow/sheep fat) and Xie with suet (dog/pig fat). Tallow refers to animals like cattle, sheep, elk, and deer; Suet refers to dogs and pigs. Each substance has its suitability; thus, eating Xie with beef may cause zheng jia (abdominal masses) in people. *Shao Yi* states: When selecting scallions and Xie for gentlemen, cut off the roots and withered ends. Deer/elk fish is called 'Qi', breast meat is called 'Bi Ji', wild boar is called 'Xuan', rabbit is called 'Wan Pi'. Cut scallions and Xie and stuff them, soften them with vinegar. This describes four items prepared by marinating in vinegar and pungent vegetables until soft, removing fishy odors from meat. Although pungent, they remove fishiness, so ancients used them. However, wild wolves eat it and lose their way, tigers eat it and become confused, mice swallow it and lose hair, dogs chew it and vomit; it is uniquely unsuitable for beasts. Modern gardeners planting Xie often place sulfur within garlic cloves; over time, the seed becomes Xie. Xie has red and white varieties: Red ones are bitter and tasteless, treating open wounds and wind-water disorders. White ones are plump and sweet, with a fresh, pleasant odor, filling the space between form and qi. Emptiness can be full, fullness can be empty, solidity can be void, void can be solid. Legend says: The Five Pungents refine the form, and Xie is one of them. Among things with beautiful essence, none surpasses Lingzhi (Mushroom): Lotus is Water Lingzhi, Taro is Earth Lingzhi, Honey is Many-Mouth Lingzhi, Xie is Vegetable Lingzhi. Records mention Wu Guang cutting Xie to enter the Cold Abyss. The seal script for Xie leaf is said to be created by Wu Guang. Du Fu's poem reads: "Bound like green fodder color, round like jade chopsticks tips; in old age, chest and diaphragm feel cold, its warm flavor brings no worry." Wang Zhen says: Raw it is pungent and dispersing, cooked it is warming and tonifying; planted it does not rot, chewed it is beneficial; elders delight in it, youth cherish it, practitioners rely on it, the sick depend on it. Could wild wolves, tigers, dogs, or rats truly appreciate its flavor? *Qi Xie Zhi* records Lu Guo's brother, who suffered from epidemic fevers, later developed a great appetite, needing Shihu (Dendrobium) daily to feel full. After ten years, he became poor and begged. One day, starving, he met a gardener with Xie and garlic, ate a whole row of each, suddenly fainted, then vomited something like a cage, which grew as large as an ox or horse. A pedestrian placed a grain of rice on it, it gradually shrank, eventually dissolving into water, and his illness soon healed. Thus, it not only softens zheng jia and treats hunger sores, but also treats Zhong Xiao (Middle Jiao Xiao/Thirst) and punishes the bellies of corrupt officials. In Han times, the Imperial Garden planted scallions and Xie in winter, covering them with structures and burning fires day and night to assist warmth for growth. Zhao Xincheng, as Shaofu, deemed these out-of-season foods harmful and petitioned to stop their cultivation for offerings. Kong Fen, serving as Governor of Guzang, had a wife who only ate scallions and Xie. In Yixi era, Taichang Xie Dan sent four men home to plant scallions and vegetables to curb official greed, showing the difference between greed and integrity. Nowadays, few use it, except for Xie Bai Bai Jiu Tang in *Jin Gui Yao Lue* to treat Xiong Bi (Chest Bi), and Xie Bai Bai Jiu Yin in *Shang Han Lun* to treat Shaoyin Si Ni, diarrhea, and tenesmus. It opens blockages to allow flow, closes leaks to prevent leakage; this is the function of the pivot mechanism.