（别录中品）
蕲州贡艾叶，叶九尖，长盈五七寸，浓约一分许，岂唯力胜，堪称美艾。水台用以为灼，
谓
【气味】苦微温，无毒。
【主治】主灸百病。作煎，止吐血下利，下部慝疮，妇人漏血，利阴气，生肌肉，辟风
寒，
【核】曰∶生山谷田野间，蕲州者最贵，四明者亦佳。春时宿根再发，布地生苗，如蒿
作丛，茎直上，高四五尺。叶四布，具五尖九尖者胜，桠上复有小尖，面青背白。八月叶间
复出穗，细花结实，累累盈枝，中有细子，霜后始枯，蓍草类也。修治拣摘净叶，扬去尘屑，
入石臼内，木杵捣熟，罗去渣滓，再捣如绵，则灸火得力；如入丸散，将茯苓作片同碾，即
时可作细末，亦一异也。苦酒、香附为之使。
【 】曰∶蓍艾同类，但分老少耳。五十曰艾，千百曰蓍。艾即少艾，有生息、止息二
义。霜后始枯，所谓大劳已艾，言其止也；望春再发，所谓更历美艾，言其生也。蓍则更历
年久，气味和平；艾则方生锐气，气味宣发。灸百病者，陷下则灸之，火郁则发之也。所陈
诸证，悉属火郁于下，而无散大之令，及阴气承阳，致血衄妄行也。生肌肉者，艾以气胜。
使有子者，亦生息之义也。勿令见风，恐气散耳。
（别录中品）
右迁环位，槟榔两得之矣。岁次玄枵，月旅蕤宾，五月律也。
【气味】苦辛涩温，无毒。
【主治】主消谷逐水，除痰 ，杀三虫、伏尸，寸白。
【核】曰∶出南海、交州、广州，及昆仑，今领外州郡皆有。子状非凡，木亦特异。初
生似笋，渐积老成，引茎直上，旁无枝柯，本末若一，其中虚，其外坚，皮似青桐而浓，节
似菌竹而概。大者三围，高者九丈。叶生木端，似甘蕉棕榈辈。条分岐破，三月叶中起房，
刺若棘，遂自折裂。擢穗缀实，凡数百枚，大似桃李，至夏乃熟，连壳收贮，入北者，灰
煮焙干，否则易于腐败。真罗山疏云∶一种山槟榔，名 子，生日南，木似棕榈而小，与槟
榔同状。一丛十余干，一干十余房，一房数百子。子长寸许。五月采之，味近甘苦。一种猪
槟榔，大而味涩，核亦大，即大腹子也。修事用白槟，存坐稳正，心坚锦文者最佳。刮去底
，
胜
瘴也。
先人云∶无枝直上，此从甲而乙，从乙而丙，生长炎方，色白味涩，谓有金气杂之，西
南偏隅故也。故其气前往，有右迁之象焉。又云∶气胜机速，四气咸宜。然于脾土为最亲切，
运用迭行，尸虫何地安立耶？又云∶性与物反，上者能使之下，下者能使之上；又不是径上，
亦不是径下。
【 】曰∶说文云∶向阳者槟；向阴者榔。雷公云∶头圆矮毗者榔；形尖紫文者槟。则
槟与榔，各以其形而为向道矣。盖槟谐宾。书云∶寅宾日出，道阳使丽养万物也。志云∶蕤
宾律名，道阴使续养万物也。是槟独为升阳之兆，升阴之始矣。而榔谐郎；郎者亭署，言花
秀房中，子结房外，其擢穗似黍，其缀实似谷，亭亭若署列之犹郎耳。顾本大者三围，干高
者九丈，末不小，本不大，下不倚，上不倾，干直概节，外劲中空，叶丛木上，房系叶下，
步其林则寥朗，芘其阴则萧疏，与竟直上行者不同类。谓其概节如候，渐积而成允升者也。
故高者抑之，如奔豚之上逆，香港脚之冲心，忽忽眩冒而巅疾也。下者举之，如泻利之后重，
清气之下沉，胸痛引背，下则两胁 满也。有余者平之，如水饮之留癖，症瘕之坚积，胸腹
痞满燥实也。不足者辅之，如脏形之劳极，三焦之 阖，脾土萎黄，饮食不能为肌肤也。阖
者开之，如脏腑之壅滞，窍节之窒塞，五膈反胃，水谷不纳也。开者阖之，如飧泄之肠 ，
吐呕之涌逆，霍乱自汗，烦闷欲死也。醉者醒之，惺然顿释也。醒者醉之，熏然颊赤也。饥
者饱之，充然气盛也。饱者饥之，豁然气散也。乃若杀三虫，驱伏尸，灭寸白，逐诸虫伏匿
百骸，致病久不瘥，变生惊奇形证者，道以丽继万物之生阳，反乎向晦幽深之死阴耳。
（《名医别录》列为中品）
蕲州进贡的艾叶，叶片有九个尖角，长度在五到七寸之间，厚度大约一分左右，不仅药力强劲，堪称优质的艾草。在水台上用于艾灸，被称为
【气味】味苦，性微温，无毒。
【主治】主要用于灸治各种疾病。制成煎剂，可止住吐血和腹泻，治疗下部隐蔽部位的疮疡，妇女经血淋漓不尽，通利阴气，促进肌肉生长，抵御风寒。
【考证】曰：艾草生长在山谷和田野间，其中蕲州出产的最为珍贵，四明出产的也不错。春天时，去年的宿根再次发芽，铺在地上生出幼苗，像蒿草一样丛生，茎干笔直向上，高四五尺。叶子向四周伸展，具有五个或九个尖角的品质较好，分叉处还有小尖角，叶面青色，叶背白色。八月时，叶间又长出穗状花序，开出细小的花并结实，果实累累挂满枝头，里面有细小的种子，霜降后才枯萎，与蓍草同类。炮制时挑选干净的叶片，扬去灰尘碎屑，放入石臼中，用木杵捣熟，筛去渣滓，再捣成棉絮状，这样艾灸时火力才能得力；如果加入丸散药剂中，将茯苓切成片一同碾磨，即可立刻成为细粉，这也是一种独特的方法。以苦酒、香附作为引经药。
【按语】曰：蓍草和艾草是同类，只是分为老幼罢了。五十岁称为艾，千百年称为蓍。艾就是少艾，有生息和止息两层含义。霜降后开始枯萎，所谓“大劳已艾”，说的是它的停止；望春时节再次发芽，所谓“更历美艾”，说的是它的生长。蓍草经历年代久远，气味平和；艾草刚生发时锐气十足，气味宣发。灸治百病，是因为陷下的病症要灸治，火郁结的要发散。所述的各种证候，都属于火郁结在下部，而没有发散疏通的命令，以及阴气承接阳气，导致鼻出血等血液妄行的情况。促进肌肉生长，是因为艾草以气胜。使有子嗣，也是生息的含义。不要让艾草见风，恐怕会散失药气。
（《名医别录》列为中品）
槟榔向右迁移环位，两得其宜了。岁次玄枵，月旅蕤宾，这是五月对应的律吕。
【气味】味苦、辛、涩，性温，无毒。
【主治】主要消化谷物、驱逐水湿，消除痰饮，杀灭三虫、伏尸虫、寸白虫。
【考证】曰：产于南海、交州、广州及昆仑等地，现在管辖的外州郡都有出产。果实形状非凡，树木也特异。初生时像竹笋，逐渐积累变得老成，茎干笔直向上，旁边没有枝丫，上下粗细一致，中间空虚，外部坚硬，树皮像青桐但更厚，节像菌竹但更粗糙。大的有三围粗，高的有九丈。叶子生在树梢，像甘蕉、棕榈之类。枝条分岐破裂，三月时叶中长出房状物，刺像荆棘，于是自己折断裂开。抽出穗子缀连果实，共有数百枚，大小像桃李，到夏天才成熟，连着壳收存贮藏，运往北方的，用灰水煮后焙干，否则容易腐败。真罗山疏云：有一种山槟榔，名叫 子，产自日南，树木像棕榈但较小，形状与槟榔相同。一丛有十多根主干，一根主干有十多房果实，一房有数百颗子。子长约一寸。五月采摘，味道接近甘苦。还有一种猪槟榔，个头大且味道涩，核也大，就是大腹子。炮制时用白槟榔，保持坐姿稳重端正，心坚纹理如锦缎的为最佳。刮去底部的皮，胜过
瘴气。
先人说：没有枝丫笔直向上，这是从甲到乙，从乙到丙，生长在炎热南方，色白味涩，说是混杂了金气，因为位于西南偏隅的缘故。所以它的气向前行，有右迁的象征。又说：气机迅捷，四气都适宜。然而对脾土最为亲切，运用交替运行，尸虫在何处安身呢？又说：性质与物体相反，上的能使之下，下的能使之上；又不是径直向上，也不是径直向下。
【按语】曰：《说文解字》说：向阳的叫槟；向阴的叫榔。雷公说：头圆矮毗的是榔；形尖紫文的是槟。那么槟和榔，各自以其形状而决定其趋向。大概“槟”谐音“宾”。《尚书》说：寅宾日出，引导阳气使依附滋养万物。《礼记》说：蕤宾是律名，引导阴气使继续滋养万物。所以槟独为升阳的征兆，升阴的开始。而“榔”谐音“郎”；郎者亭署，言花在房中秀出，子在房外结成，其抽穗像黍，其缀果像谷，亭亭玉立如同亭署排列一般还是郎的样子。看它主干大三围，干高九丈，末不细小，本不巨大，下不倚靠，上不倾斜，干直节概，外劲中空，叶丛生在木上，房系在叶下，漫步其林则空旷明朗，遮蔽其阴则萧条稀疏，与竟直上行的不同类。说它的节概如等候，逐渐积累而成允升的。所以高的要抑制它，如奔豚之气上逆，香港脚冲心，忽忽眩晕冒昧而致巅疾。低下的要举升它，如泻利后的里急后重，清气之下沉，胸痛牵引背部，低下则两胁胀满。有余的要平抑它，如水饮停留形成的癖块，症瘕的坚积，胸腹痞满燥实。不足的要辅助它，如脏形劳极，三焦的开阖失常，脾土萎黄，饮食不能化为肌肤。闭塞的要开通它，如脏腑的壅滞，窍节的窒塞，五膈反胃，水谷不能纳入。开通的要闭阖它，如飧泄的肠 ，吐呕的涌逆，霍乱自汗，烦闷欲死。醉了的要使其清醒，惺然顿释。清醒的要使其沉醉，熏然颊赤。饥饿的要使其饱足，充然气盛。饱足的要使其饥饿，豁然气散。至于杀灭三虫，驱除伏尸，消灭寸白，驱逐诸虫潜伏于百骸，致病久不痊愈，变生惊奇形证的，是用丽继万物之生的阳道，反过来针对向晦幽深之死阴罢了。
(Recorded in the Middle Grade of *Mingyi Bielu*)
The mugwort leaves presented from Qizhou have nine-pointed leaves, are five to seven cun in length, and approximately one fen thick. Not only is their potency superior, but they can be praised as fine mugwort. Used for moxibustion on a water platform, they are referred to as
[Flavor and Nature] Bitter, slightly warm, non-toxic.
[Indications] Primarily used for moxibustion to treat various diseases. Prepared as a decoction, it stops hematemesis (vomiting blood) and diarrhea, treats hidden sores in the lower body, metrorrhagia (irregular uterine bleeding) in women, promotes the flow of Yin qi, generates muscle tissue, repels wind and cold.
[Verification] Says: Mugwort grows in valleys and fields; those from Qizhou are the most precious, while those from Siming are also good. In spring, the perennial roots sprout again, spreading over the ground to produce seedlings, growing in clumps like artemisia. The stems grow straight up, four to five chi high. Leaves spread in four directions; those with five or nine points are superior, with smaller points on the branches. The leaf surface is green, and the back is white. In August, spikelets reappear between the leaves, producing small flowers and fruits that hang heavily on the branches, containing fine seeds. It withers only after frost, belonging to the same category as yarrow (*Artemisia capillaris*). For processing, select clean leaves, winnow away dust and debris, place in a stone mortar, and pound thoroughly with a wooden pestle. Sieve out the dregs, then pound again until cotton-like, so that the fire power of moxibustion is effective; if added to pills and powders, grind together with sliced poria (*Poria cocos*) to make fine powder immediately, which is another unique method. Vinegar (*Ku Jiu*) and Cyperi Rhizoma (*Xiangfu*) serve as guiding herbs.
[Commentary] Says: Yarrow and mugwort are of the same category, distinguished only by age. Fifty years is called "Ai" (mugwort), while thousands of years is called "Shi" (yarrow). Ai represents young mugwort, possessing two meanings: growth/rest and cessation. It withers after frost, referred to as "Great labor has ceased," indicating cessation; it sprouts again at the Full Moon of Spring, referred to as "Experiencing beautiful Ai," indicating growth. Yarrow has endured for many years, with a mild flavor and nature; fresh mugwort possesses sharp energy, with a dispersing flavor and nature. Moxibustion treats hundred diseases because sunken conditions require moxibustion, and stagnant fire requires dispersion. All the mentioned syndromes belong to fire stagnating below without the command to disperse widely, and Yin qi receiving Yang qi, leading to epistaxis and reckless blood movement. Generating muscle tissue relies on the Qi superiority of mugwort. Facilitating conception also reflects the meaning of growth. Do not let mugwort see wind, lest its Qi dissipate.
(Recorded in the Middle Grade of *Mingyi Bielu*)
Betel nut moves rightward in the ring position, obtaining both aspects. The year is Xuanxiao, the month is Ruibin, corresponding to the fifth month's pitch-pipe.
[Flavor and Nature] Bitter, acrid, astringent, warm, non-toxic.
[Indications] Primarily digests food grains, expels water retention, eliminates phlegm, kills three types of parasites, Fu Shi worms, and Taenia (*Cunbai*).
[Verification] Says: Produced in Nanhai, Jiaozhou, Guangzhou, and Kunlun; currently available in all subordinate prefectures. The fruit shape is extraordinary, and the tree is unique. Initially resembling bamboo shoots, it gradually matures, with a stem growing straight up, no side branches, uniform thickness from base to tip, hollow inside, and hard outside. The bark is similar to Firmiana simplex (*Qingtong*) but thicker, and the nodes resemble Bambusa textilis (*Junzhu*) but rougher. Large ones are three circumference units thick, tall ones reach nine zhang. Leaves grow at the top of the tree, resembling banana palms or date palms. Branches split and break; in March, chambers arise among the leaves, thorns like brambles cause them to self-break. Spikelets emerge bearing hundreds of fruits, large like peaches and plums, ripening in summer. They are stored with shells. Those transported north are boiled in ash and dried, otherwise prone to decay. Zhen Luoshan's疏 states: There is a mountain betel nut named [missing character], produced in Rinan. The tree resembles a date palm but is smaller, similar in shape to betel nut. A clump has over ten trunks, each trunk over ten chambers, each chamber hundreds of nuts. Nuts are about one cun long. Harvested in May, taste near sweet and bitter. Another type is pig betel nut, large and astringent, with a large kernel, which is also Dafuzi. For processing, use white betel nut, maintaining a stable upright posture; those with firm hearts and brocade-like patterns are best. Scraping off the bottom skin surpasses treating miasma.
My late father said: Without branches, growing straight up, this proceeds from Jia to Yi, from Yi to Bing, growing in the hot southern direction. White color and astringent taste suggest mixed Metal Qi, due to its location in the southwestern corner. Thus, its Qi moves forward, having the image of rightward migration. Also said: Its Qi is swift, suitable for all four natures. However, it is most intimate with Spleen Earth. Through alternating operation, where can corpse worms stand? Also said: Its nature is opposite to objects; what is upper makes it lower, what is lower makes it upper; yet it is neither directly upward nor directly downward.
[Commentary] Says: *Shuowen Jiezi* states: Facing sun is Bin; facing shade is Lang. Lei Gong says: Round-headed and short-bridged is Lang; pointed-shaped and purple-patterned is Bin. Thus, Bin and Lang determine their direction by their shapes. Generally, "Bin" harmonizes with "Guest". *Book of Documents* says: Yin Bin sunrise, guiding Yang Qi to attach and nourish all things. *Book of Rites* says: Ruibin is a pitch-pipe name, guiding Yin Qi to continue nourishing all things. Therefore, Bin alone is the omen of ascending Yang, the beginning of ascending Yin. And "Lang" harmonizes with "Official"; Official means pavilion/station, saying flowers bloom in the room, fruits form outside the room. Its spikelets resemble millet, its fruits resemble grain, standing tall like arranged stations, still like an official. Looking at its base three circumference units, trunk height nine zhang, tip not small, base not huge, lower not leaning, upper not tilting, trunk straight with nodes, outer strong inner hollow, leaves clustered on wood, chambers hanging under leaves. Walking in its forest is spacious and bright; sheltering in its shade is desolate and sparse, different from those growing straight up. Saying its nodes are like waiting, gradually accumulating to become promising ascent. Therefore, high things are suppressed, such as running piglet Qi counterflow, Hong Kong foot rushing to the heart, sudden dizziness and vertigo causing head disease. Low things are lifted, such as tenesmus after diarrhea, sinking of clear Qi, chest pain radiating to the back, lower fullness in both hypochondria. Excess is balanced, such as water retention forming masses, hard accumulations of zheng jia, chest/abdominal fullness, dryness, and excess. Deficiency is assisted, such as organ exhaustion, Sanjiao opening/closing dysfunction, Spleen Earth sallow complexion, diet unable to transform into flesh. Blocked is opened, such as visceral stagnation, orifice/joint obstruction, five diaphragms and regurgitation, inability to take food/water. Opened is closed, such as undigested diarrhea intestinal [missing character], vomiting and reflux, cholera with spontaneous sweating, restlessness wanting death. Drunk is awakened, suddenly released. Awake is intoxicated, flushed cheeks. Hungry is filled, Qi becomes abundant. Full is made hungry, Qi dissipates. As for killing three parasites, driving Fu Shi, eliminating Taenia, chasing parasites hiding in hundred bones, causing illness lasting long without cure, transforming into surprising symptoms, the way is to follow the Yang of Li Ji (continuing life of all things), opposing the deep darkness of Death Yin towards dusk.