（本经中品）
【气味】苦寒，有毒。
【主治】主伤寒温疟，下十二水，破积聚、大坚、症瘕，荡涤肠中留癖、饮食，寒热邪
气，利水道。
【核】曰∶荛花出咸阳川谷，及河南中牟，所在亦有，近以壅州者为好。苗似胡荽，高
二尺，茎无刺。入夏作花，簇生细碎，生时色黄，干则缟白。或言世无荛花，每以芫花充用，
不
【 】曰∶山海经云∶首山多荛，苗首出，萼随之，花落尽，叶乃茁也。故荛谐尧。尧，
高也，广也，炎也，上也。高广承寒，炎上作苦，合配太阳化令，对待太阳体用药也。力主
寒伤层署，表着六标暑巢营舍，因遇肃杀之秋风，或侵凄沧之水寒，或袭沐浴之水气，随卫
入出，实虚更显，阴阳且移，休作成疟也。至下十二经水，破五脏积，六腑聚，大坚症，大
坚瘕，留癖肠胃中者，荡涤无遗，空诸所有，捷于影响。若食饮馨饪，邪从口入者，或发于
阴而寒，或发于阳而热，或寒热叠呈，而阴阳互迁者，陂可平，往可复，艰贞之吉，于食有
福。
（本经中品）
【气味】苦寒，无毒。
【主治】主治心腹积聚，寒热邪气，通九窍，利大小便。
【核】曰∶紫参，生河西、冤句山谷，今河中、淮郡、三辅皆有之。茎高一二尺，叶似
槐；亦有状羊蹄者，色青绿。五月开花，白色似葱。花，亦有红紫水荭色者。实黑，大如豆，
圆
【参】曰∶赤黑兼色而得紫，参水火相射者，既济之为参也。犹未离乎火味之苦，水寒
之气，金亦互，木亦交矣。故腑脏咸入，根身并叶尔。脏在胸，腑在腹；积者，五脏之所生；
聚者，六腑之所成也。积解聚散而寒热平，清阳仍走上窍而利，浊阴仍走下窍而通矣。
【《神农本草经》中品】
【气味】味苦，性寒，有毒。
【主治】主要治疗伤寒和温疟，攻下十二经的水饮，破除积聚、大坚块、症瘕（腹内结块），清除肠中停留的癖积和饮食停滞，驱除寒热邪气，通利水道。
【考证】说：荛花产于咸阳的山谷，以及河南的中牟，各地也有出产，近来以雍州出产的质量最好。植株形状像胡荽（香菜），高二尺左右，茎上没有刺。入夏开花，花朵簇生且细碎，新鲜时颜色为黄色，干燥后变为洁白。有人说世上没有荛花，常用芫花来冒充使用，不（可信赖/准确）。
【按语】说：《山海经》记载：首山多产荛草，苗先长出，花萼随之出现，花落尽后，叶子才生长出来。所以“荛”谐音“尧”。尧，意为高、广、炎、上。高大宽广承载寒气，炎上而味苦，配合太阳的化令，是相对于太阳体性来用药的。其力主要用于寒邪损伤层叠的暑热，表浅附着于六标暑热营舍，如果遇到肃杀的秋风，或侵袭凄冷的水寒，或袭击沐浴时的水气，随着卫气的出入，虚实更加明显，阴阳发生转移，从而形成疟疾。至于攻下十二经的水饮，破除五脏的积、六腑的聚、大坚症、大坚瘕，以及肠胃中停留的癖积，都能荡涤无遗，使体内空无所有，效果迅速如影随形。如果是饮食馨饪之邪从口而入，有的发于阴而表现为寒，有的发于阳而表现为热，有的寒热交替呈现，阴阳互相迁移的，病情可以平复，往来可以恢复，坚守正道则吉利，在饮食方面会有福报。
【《神农本草经》中品】
【气味】味苦，性寒，无毒。
【主治】主要治疗心腹部的积聚，寒热邪气，通利九窍，通利大小便。
【考证】说：紫参产于河西、冤句的山谷，如今河中、淮郡、三辅地区都有出产。茎高一二尺，叶子像槐树；也有形状像羊蹄的，颜色青绿。五月开花，白色像葱。花也有红紫色像水荭颜色的。果实黑色，大如豆子，圆（润/实）。
【参证】说：赤色和黑色兼有而得名为紫，参合水火相互激荡的，既济卦所代表的参合状态。仍然不离乎火味的苦，水寒的气，金也互相作用，木也交错其中。所以脏腑都进入，根和身体叶子都如此。脏位于胸，腑位于腹；积，是五脏所产生的；聚，是六腑所形成的。积解散而寒热平息，清阳之气仍走上窍而通利，浊阴之气仍走下窍而通畅了。
(Zhongpin, Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing)
[Flavor and Nature] Bitter, cold, toxic.
[Indications] Primarily treats Shanghan (Cold Damage) and Wen Nue (Warm Malaria), drains water retention from the twelve channels, breaks up accumulations (Ji Ju), large hard masses, Zheng Jia (abdominal masses), sweeps away lingering pathogenic factors and food stagnation in the intestines, dispels cold and heat pathogenic qi, and promotes urination.
[Verification] It is said: Rao Hua grows in the valleys of Xianyang and Zhongmu in Henan, and is found elsewhere; those from Yongzhou are currently considered superior. The plant resembles Coriandrum sativum (Hu Su), stands about two chi high, and has thornless stems. Flowers appear in summer, clustered and fine; fresh flowers are yellow, drying to white. Some claim that Rao Hua no longer exists in the world and use Yuan Hua (Kadsura Flower) as a substitute, which is unreliable.
[Commentary] It is said: The Shan Hai Jing states: Shou Mountain abounds with Rao grass; the sprout emerges first, followed by the calyx; after the petals fall, the leaves emerge. Thus, "Rao" sounds like "Yao". Yao means high, broad, hot/flaming, and above. High and broad bear coldness; flaming upward yields bitterness; this corresponds to the transformational command of Tai Yang (Greater Yang). It is used in opposition to the Tai Yang body. Its power primarily addresses cold damaging layered heat, superficially attaching to the six exterior markers' heat nests in the Ying and Wei levels. Upon encountering the killing autumn wind, or invading chilly water cold, or assaulting water vapor during bathing, it follows the entering and exiting of Wei Qi (Defensive Qi), making deficiency and excess more apparent, shifting Yin and Yang, thereby forming Nue disease (Malaria). As for draining water from the twelve channels, breaking five Zang organ accumulations, six Fu organ gatherings, large hard Zheng, large hard Jia, and lingering pathogenic factors in the intestines and stomach, it sweeps them away completely, emptying all existing pathologies, swift as an echo or shadow. If fragrant or rich foods enter via the mouth, manifesting as cold when arising from Yin, or heat when arising from Yang, or alternating cold and heat with mutual shifting of Yin and Yang, the imbalance can be leveled, return can be restored, perseverance brings auspiciousness, and there will be fortune regarding diet.
(Zhongpin, Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing)
[Flavor and Nature] Bitter, cold, non-toxic.
[Indications] Primarily treats abdominal and epigastric accumulations, cold and heat pathogenic qi, opens the nine orifices, and promotes urination and defecation.
[Verification] It is said: Zi Can grows in the valleys of Hexi and Yuanju; today it is found in Hezhong, Huai Jun, and Sanfu regions. Stems are one to two chi high; leaves resemble Sophora japonica (Huai Shu); some resemble Rumex acetosella (Yang Ti), green in color. Flowers in May, white like Allium fistulosum (Cong); some flowers are red-purple like Persicaria hydropiper (Shui Hong). Fruits are black, bean-sized, round.
[Reference] It is said: Purple is obtained by combining red and black; "Can" refers to the interaction of Water and Fire, representing the state of Ji Ji (Already Fording). It still retains the bitterness of Fire flavor and the coldness of Water qi; Metal also interacts, and Wood intermingles. Thus, it enters both Fu and Zang organs; the root, body, and leaves all share this property. Zang organs reside in the chest, Fu organs in the abdomen; Accumulation (Ji) is generated by the five Zang organs; Gathering (Ju) is formed by the six Fu organs. When accumulations dissolve and gatherings scatter, cold and heat level out; clear Yang ascends to the upper orifices bringing benefit, and turbid Yin descends to the lower orifices bringing unobstructed flow.