（本经上品）
【气味】苦寒，无毒。
【主治】主解诸毒，杀蛊 疰鬼螫毒。久服头不白，轻身。
【核】曰∶生河内平泽处。亦有蔬圃作畦子种者。凡五种，唯蓝实专取蓼蓝。蓼蓝，叶
如蓼
，三月生苗，五月开花成穗，淡红色，花实皆如蓼，岁可三刈，故先王仲夏，令民无刈蓝以
染。郑玄云∶恐伤长养之气也。一种松蓝，叶如白菘。一种马蓝，叶如苦 ，即郭璞所谓大
叶冬蓝，俗称板蓝者是也。花实并如蓼蓝，唯苗叶别异。一种吴蓝，长茎如蒿而花白，吴人
种之；一种木蓝，长茎如决明，高者三四尺，分枝布叶，叶如槐叶，七月开淡红花，结角长
寸许，累累如小豆角，子如马蹄决明而微小，迥与诸蓝不同，而作淀则一也。别有一种甘蓝
，可作蔬食。而蓝淀者，掘地埋缸，以蓝水浸一宿，入锻石频搅万余下，澄清去水，则色青
成淀。亦可干收，用染青碧，其搅掠浮沫，掠出阴干者，谓之靛花，即市卖之青黛也。此属
锻石造作而成，慎勿轻用。世人以其色青，为入肝清解之药，谬甚矣。真青黛出波斯国，既
不可得，不如用蓝实，或蓝叶，或自然汁之无间杂者良。
博议云∶蓝实久服头不白，盖春气在头，用其色以助春气之生，自然益头并及发矣。肝
主色，自入为青，则凡病变于色者，极为允当。如痘，如丹，如斑，如血，如五色痢，如目
赤目黄，如五脏热，先见颜与颊者，力可巽入乎肝。克制乎脾，为平热之轻剂也。观斑蜘蛛、
应声虫、噎膈虫三案，亦奇异矣。每见种蓝人，日日扫虫，不扫即尽食之，此生虫之物，反
杀虫者何？正巽以入之之义耳。盖人饮食之随气机变化，如大火聚，投之自无 类。蓝入胃，
是虫之食也，则虫自翕聚，蓝随气机变化，而虫亦随之，一入气机，便无回避。慎哉顺境之
好，当着眼也。
【 】曰∶蓝者生也，象万物生时之色也。酿之成淀，色成胜母，青出蓝而青于蓝者也。
肝主色，肝色青，当入肝。为肝之的药，亦可为肝之肾药，以多汁而气寒也；亦可为肝之心
药，以味苦而性通彻也。以色以味，及性与气，咸得东南巽木之作用，而能洁齐万物者也。
四时可植，一岁三刈，则生阳偏胜，而周甲唯春，故蓝从监，监者，监观四方者也。虫 疰
鬼，皆杀厉所钟，死阴不洁之属，蓝能巽以入之，而与物为春，则杀厉之气齐洁，暖然似春
仁之青出矣。久服则肝荣，肝荣则发华，动摇舒转，皆得所欲。蓝靛、青黛，总属分身，不
若蓝实之包含，真无尽藏也。
（巽主入其性情也。洁齐万物，其功力也。洁可作 ，亦可作涤除清洗之洁，凡湿秽则
虫生
【本经上品】
【气味】味苦，性寒，无毒。
【主治】主要解除各种毒素，杀灭蛊毒、疰鬼及虫蛇咬伤之毒。长期服用可使头发不白，身体轻健。
【核】曰：蓝实生长在河内平原沼泽地带。也有在菜园中起垄种植的。共有五种，其中专门取用蓼蓝的果实。蓼蓝，叶子像蓼草，三月生苗，五月开花结穗，花色淡红，花和果实都像蓼草，一年可以收割三次，所以先王在仲夏时节，命令百姓不要收割蓝草来染色。郑玄说：这是担心伤害万物生长的气息。有一种松蓝，叶子像白菜。有一种马蓝，叶子像苦荬菜，就是郭璞所说的“大叶冬蓝”，俗称板蓝根的是这种。花和果实都与蓼蓝相同，只有幼苗和叶子不同。有一种吴蓝，茎长像蒿草而花是白色的，吴地人种植它；有一种木蓝，茎长像决明子，高的有三四尺，分枝展叶，叶子像槐树叶，七月开淡红花，结角长约一寸多，累累如小豆角，种子像马蹄决明但微小，与其他的蓝截然不同，但制作靛青则是一样的。另外还有一种甘蓝，可以作为蔬菜食用。而制作蓝靛的方法，是挖地埋缸，将蓝草浸泡一夜，加入锻石频繁搅拌一万多次，澄清后去掉水分，颜色变青成为靛青。也可以晒干收藏，用来染青色。将其搅动浮沫，掠出阴干者，称为靛花，也就是市场上售卖的青黛。这属于经过锻石加工而成的，千万不要轻易使用。世人因为它的颜色是青色，认为它是入肝清解的药物，这太荒谬了。真正的青黛产自波斯国，既然得不到，不如使用蓝实，或者蓝叶，或者是没有混杂的天然汁液为好。
博议云：蓝实长期服用使头发不白，大概是因为春气在头部，利用它的青色来辅助春气的生长，自然有益于头部并波及头发。肝主色，青色自入肝脏，那么凡是病变表现为颜色的，都非常恰当。比如痘疹，丹毒，斑疹，血证，五色痢疾，眼睛发红或发黄，五脏热盛，先在颜面和脸颊显现的，力量可以巽入肝脏。克制脾土，作为清热平火的轻剂。观察斑蜘蛛、应声虫、噎膈虫三个医案，也很奇异。经常看见种蓝的人，每天清扫虫子，不扫就会被虫子吃光，这些滋生虫子的东西，反而能杀虫，这是什么道理？正是巽卦入其性情的意义罢了。大概人的饮食随着气机变化，就像大火聚拢，投入其中自然无类可存。蓝入胃，是虫子的食物，那么虫子自然会聚集，蓝随着气机变化，虫子也随之而来，一旦进入气机，就没有回避的可能。谨慎对待顺境中的喜好，应当着眼于此。
【赞】曰：蓝代表生机，象征万物生长时的颜色。酿造成为靛青，颜色胜过母亲（青出于蓝），是青从蓝中出来却比蓝更青的东西。肝主色，肝色为青，应当入肝。作为肝的补药，也可以作为肝的肾药，因为它多汁且气寒；也可以作为肝的心药，因为味苦且性质通达透彻。以颜色、味道，以及性质和气，都得到东南巽木的作用，从而能够洁净整齐万物。四季都可以种植，一年收割三次，那么生阳之气偏胜，而周流甲子唯有春季，所以蓝从“监”字得名，监者，监察四方者也。蛊毒、疰鬼，都是杀厉之气所钟，属于死阴不洁之物，蓝能巽入其中，并与万物同享春意，那么杀厉之气就会变得齐整洁净，温暖如同春天的仁德，青色由此产生。长期服用则肝气繁荣，肝气繁荣则头发光华，动摇舒转，都能满足欲望。蓝靛、青黛，总算是分身之作，不如蓝实包含真意，真是无尽的宝藏啊。
（巽卦主入其性情。洁净整齐万物，是它的功效。洁既可以作名词，也可以作动词表示涤除清洗，凡是湿秽之处则虫子滋生）
[Shangpin Category of the Classic of Materia Medica]
[Flavor and Nature] Bitter, cold, non-toxic.
[Indications] Primarily resolves various toxins, kills gu poison (parasitic poisoning), zhu ghost (infectious diseases attributed to spirits), and venom from insect or snake bites. Long-term consumption prevents graying of hair and lightens the body.
[Analysis] It is stated: Grows in the plains and marshes of He Nei. Some are planted in garden beds with ridges. There are five types, among which the fruit of Polygonum tinctorium (Láolán) is specifically used. Láolán has leaves resembling Polygonum species, sprouts in March, flowers and forms spikes in May with pale red flowers; its flowers and fruits resemble Polygonum. It can be harvested three times a year. Therefore, the ancient kings ordered people not to harvest indigo plants for dyeing during midsummer. Zheng Xuan said: This is to avoid damaging the vital energy of growth. One type is Song Lan (Pine Indigo), with leaves resembling Chinese cabbage. Another is Ma Lan (Horse Indigo), with leaves resembling Sonchus oleraceus (Kusheng); this is what Guo Pu referred to as "Da Ye Dong Lan" (Large-leaf Winter Indigo), commonly known as Banlangen (Isatis Root). Its flowers and fruits are identical to Láolán, differing only in seedlings and leaves. Another type is Wu Lan, with stems like Artemisia and white flowers, cultivated by people in Wu; another is Mu Lan (Tree Indigo), with stems like Cassia obtusifolia, growing three to four chi high, branching out with leaves resembling Sophora japonica (Huai tree), blooming with pale red flowers in July, forming pods about one cun long, clustered like small bean pods, seeds resembling Cassia seeds but smaller, distinctly different from other indigos, yet producing indigo dye similarly. Additionally, there is Gan Lan (Sweet Cabbage), edible as a vegetable. The method for making indigo paste involves digging a pit to bury a vat, soaking indigo plants overnight, adding calcined gypsum (Duanshi), stirring frequently over ten thousand times, clarifying, removing water, resulting in blue pigment. It can also be dried for storage to dye cyan/green. The foam skimmed off after stirring and dried in shade is called Dianhua (Indigo Flower), which is the Qingdai (Indigo Naturalis) sold in markets. This is produced through processing with calcined gypsum; do not use it lightly. People mistakenly believe that because it is blue, it enters the Liver to clear heat and resolve toxicity, which is highly erroneous. True Qingdai comes from Persia; since it is unavailable, it is better to use Lanshi (Indigo Fruit), or Lanye (Indigo Leaf), or pure natural juice without impurities.
Bo Yi commented: Long-term consumption of Lanshi prevents hair graying. This is likely because Spring Qi resides in the head; using its blue color assists the generation of Spring Qi, naturally benefiting the head and hair. The Liver governs color; blue enters the Liver. Thus, for any disease manifesting with color changes, it is highly appropriate. Such as acne/eruptions, erysipelas, macules, blood disorders, five-colored dysentery, red or yellow eyes, internal heat in the five Zang organs manifesting first on the face and cheeks. Its power can enter the Liver via the Xun (Wind/Wood) pathway. It controls the Spleen (Earth), serving as a mild agent to calm heat. Observing the cases of Ban Zhizhu (Spotted Spider), Yingsheng Chong (Echoing Worm), and Yegé Chong (Choking Worm) is also remarkable. One often sees indigo farmers sweeping insects daily; if not swept, they are eaten completely. How can these breeding grounds for insects instead kill them? This embodies the principle of Xun entering the nature. Human digestion follows Qi dynamics like a gathering fire; things thrown in disappear. Indigo enters the Stomach, becoming food for insects, causing them to gather. As Indigo follows Qi dynamics, insects follow suit. Once entering the Qi mechanism, there is no escape. One must be cautious regarding preferences in favorable conditions.
[Eulogy] It is said: Lan represents life, symbolizing the color of all things when growing. Fermented into indigo paste, the color surpasses the mother (Qing chu lan er qing yu lan - Blue comes from indigo plant but is bluer than the plant). The Liver governs color, and its color is blue, so it should enter the Liver. It can serve as a tonic for the Liver, or as a kidney-tonic for the Liver, due to its juicy nature and cold qi; it can also serve as a heart-medication for the Liver, due to its bitter taste and penetrating nature. Through its color, taste, nature, and qi, it obtains the function of Southeast Xun Wood, thereby cleansing and ordering all things. It can be planted in all four seasons and harvested three times a year, meaning Sheng Yang (Generating Yang) is predominant, while the cycle of Jiazi belongs solely to Spring. Hence, Lan derives from the character Jian (Monitor), meaning observing the four directions. Gu, Zhu, and ghosts are all gathered killing energies, belonging to dead Yin and unclean entities. Lan can enter via Xun and share spring vitality with all things, thus purifying the killing energy, warming it like the benevolence of Spring, allowing blue to emerge. Long-term consumption nourishes the Liver; when the Liver is nourished, hair becomes lustrous, movement and rotation satisfy desires. Lan Dye and Qingdai are merely extensions; they are not as comprehensive as Lanshi, which contains the true, endless treasure.
(Xun governs entering its nature and temperament. Cleansing and ordering all things is its efficacy. 'Jie' can mean cleanliness or the act of washing/cleaning; where there is dampness and filth, insects breed.)