（本经上品）
【气味】苦温，无毒。
【主治】主咳逆，伤中，补不足，除邪气，利九窍，益智慧，耳目聪明，不忘，强志倍
力。久服轻身不老。
【核】曰∶出泰山，及冤句川谷，冤句属兖州济阴郡，今从彭城北兰陵来。河、陕、雒
西州群亦有之。有大叶、小叶二种。俱三月开花，四月采根。大者叶大、花红、根亦肥大；
小者叶小、花白、苗似麻黄而青。叶似大青而小，根形如蒿而黄色。苗即小草也。修治，去
心，否则令人烦闷。仍用甘草汤浸一宿，曝干，或焙干。得茯苓、冬葵、龙骨良。畏珍珠、
藜芦、蜚蠊、齐蛤。
绍隆王先生云∶气味芳烈，阳草也。菖蒲之流乎，入手少阴经。盖心为君主之官，神明
出焉。天君既定，五官自明，百体从令矣。
先人云∶识深志远，出处咸宜。苗短根长，司肾之物。
【 】曰∶志，意也。心之所之，心之所向也。藏于肾而用于心，故处则为意，出则为
志也。意居六根之六，志居五神之五，可谓远也已矣。维尔之远，乃可裨神明之欲动欲流，
圆通无碍，令根身聪慧轻安也。如是则何有于器界六淫，潜入根身之中，而为填塞奔逆者哉。
（本经上品）
【气味】甘平，无毒。
【主治】主心腹膀胱寒热，利小便，止血，消瘀血。久服益气力，轻身延年神仙。
【核】曰∶香蒲，蒲黄苗也。处处有之，秦州者良。丛生水际，似莞而褊，有脊而柔，
春生嫩叶，出水时，红白茸茸然。取中心入地白 ，生啖甘脆。瀹以作 ，一宿可食。亦可
炸可蒸及晒干磨粉作饼。周礼谓之蒲俎。诗云∶其蔌伊芳何？惟笋及蒲是矣。至夏后，则茎抽
叶中，花抱茎端，如武士捧杵，谓之蒲槌，即蒲萼也。黄即花上粉屑，一名蒲灰。开时便取，
蜜搜作果，食之大美。七八月摘叶，柔滑而温，可以为席，故礼男执蒲璧，言有安人之道也。
凡使勿用松黄，及黄蒿，二件全似蒲黄，只是味 及吐人。真蒲黄须隔三重纸，焙令黄色，
蒸半日，却再焙干。
【 】曰∶蒲，水草。黄其夏火之华英也。凡草木绽萼吐英，与夫荣实蒂落，莫不具春
升夏出，秋降冬藏之象；至黄布花心，此又夏出吐英之荣极时也。第蒲黄四布花上，若黄金
经久不变。是知蒲性精专在黄，而以巨阳为用，寒水为体，合入太阳，诚太阳气分、血分药
也。故太阳是动，则病寒热，小便不利。其所生，则病衄血、血瘀，咸可疗之。客曰∶水草
红白，夏华抱茎，具心肾义。亦可入心之肾，入臂之心药矣。颐曰∶手足太阳少阴，为腑脏
表里上下中见。入手太阳，兼中脏之手少阴。入足太阳，兼中脏之足少阴。所谓标之上，气
之化；气之下，中之见也。此蒲黄互腑脏表里上下之中见，是以心肾咸关，与水火既济，心
肾交互者不同例耳。客曰∶既入心肾，亦可交互。颐曰∶交互，便非开阖，合象中枢。蒲黄
四布花上，唯标臣阳之开方显在中之见。此以府经之气，涉藏经之化，非府经之形，合藏经
之
（百花有黄，花谢黄灭，以非专精于黄也。蒲黄黄金不变，固属专精。亦具夏火，长夏
土，秋金三义。
巨阳，太阳也。太阳之上，寒气主之，中见少阴。太阳所谓标，寒气所谓本，少阴所谓
中也。本自水中草，标着在夏火吐英荣极时，故专走太阳，兼乎中见。）
（《神农本草经》列为上品）
【气味】味苦，性温，无毒。
【主治】主要治疗咳嗽气逆，调理中焦损伤，补益身体不足，祛除邪气，通利九窍，增强智慧，使耳目灵敏聪明，记忆力强，意志坚定，体力倍增。长期服用可使身体轻盈，延缓衰老。
【考证】曰：远志产于泰山，以及冤句的川谷地带。冤句属于兖州济阴郡，现在是从彭城北面的兰陵进贡而来。河、陕、雒西各州群也有出产。有大叶和小叶两种。都在三月开花，四月采挖根部。大叶品种叶子大、花红色、根也肥大；小叶品种叶子小、花白色、幼苗像麻黄但呈青色。叶子像大青草但较小，根部形状像蒿草但呈黄色。幼苗就是小草。炮制时，需去除心部，否则令人烦闷。仍需用甘草汤浸泡一夜，晒干或焙干。与茯苓、冬葵子、龙骨配伍效果良好。畏忌珍珠、藜芦、蜚蠊（蟑螂）、齐蛤。
绍隆王先生说：气味芳香猛烈，属阳草。是菖蒲的一类，归入手少阴心经。因为心是君主之官，神明由此产生。天君（心）安定，五官自然明亮，百体听从号令。
先父说：见识深远，志向高远，无论出仕或隐居都适宜。苗短根长，主管肾脏的事物。
【按语】曰：志，就是意。心之所往，心之所向。藏于肾而用于心，所以静处时为“意”，动出时为“志”。意居于六根中的第六位，志居于五神中的第五位，可以说是很“远”了。正因为其“远”，才能辅助神明，使其欲动则动、欲流则流，圆通无碍，令根本之身聪慧轻安。如果是这样，那么对于器界中的六淫邪气，潜入根本之身中，造成填塞奔逆的情况，又会有什么阻碍呢？
（《神农本草经》列为上品）
【气味】味甘，性平，无毒。
【主治】主要治疗心腹膀胱部位的寒热病症，通利小便，止血，消散瘀血。长期服用可益气力，身体轻盈，延年益寿，如同神仙。
【考证】曰：香蒲，即蒲黄的植株。到处都有生长，秦州产的最好。丛生于水边，形状像莞草但叶片较窄，有脊且柔软，春天生出嫩叶，出水时呈现红白茸茸的样子。取中心入地白色的部分，生吃甘甜脆口。煮汤食用，一夜即可食用。也可以炸、蒸及晒干磨粉做饼。《周礼》称之为蒲俎。《诗经》说：“其中的蔬菜是什么？”指的就是笋和蒲。到了夏天后，茎从叶中抽出，花抱在茎端，像武士捧着杵，称为蒲槌，也就是蒲萼。黄即是花上的粉末，一名蒲灰。开花时就采摘，用蜜调和作为果品，味道极美。七八月采摘叶子，柔滑而温暖，可以用来做席子，所以礼仪中男子手持蒲璧，是说有安抚人的道理。凡使用蒲黄，不要用松黄和黄蒿，这两样完全像蒲黄，只是味道淡且让人呕吐。真正的蒲黄必须隔三层纸，焙至黄色，蒸半天，再重新焙干。
【按语】曰：蒲，是水生植物。黄是其夏季火的精华。凡是草木绽放花萼吐出精华，以及繁荣果实蒂落，无不具备春升、夏出、秋降、冬藏的意象；至于蒲黄散布在花心，这是夏季吐露精华的繁荣极点。只是蒲黄四布在花上，像黄金经久不变。由此可知蒲的性质精专在于“黄”，而以巨阳（太阳）为功用，以寒水为体质，合入太阳经，确实是太阳经气分和血分的药物。所以太阳经发生病变，就会出现寒热、小便不利的症状。其所衍生的疾病，如鼻衄血、血瘀，都可以治疗。客人说：水草红白，夏季花朵抱茎，具备心肾的含义。也可以作为入心之肾、入臂之心的药物。我说：手足太阳和少阴，是脏腑表里上下中间见的关系。入手太阳经，兼管中脏的手少阴经。入足太阳经，兼管中脏的足少阴经。所谓标之上，是气的变化；气之下，是中间的显现。这是蒲黄互涉脏腑表里上下中间见的体现，因此心肾都关联到，与水火既济、心肾交互的情况不同类。客人说：既然入心肾，也可以交互。我说：交互，就不是开阖，不符合象的中枢。蒲黄四布花上，唯有标臣阳的开方显现在中之见。这是以府经之气，涉及藏经的变化，不是府经的形状，结合藏经的……
（百花都有黄，花谢黄灭，因为并非专精于黄。蒲黄如黄金不变，确实属于专精。也具有夏火、长夏土、秋金三义。
巨阳，即太阳。太阳之上，寒气主事，中见少阴。太阳所谓的标，寒气所谓的本，少阴所谓的中。本自水中草，标着在夏火吐英荣极时，所以专走太阳，兼乎中见。）
(Shennong Bencao Jing, Upper Grade)
[Flavor and Nature] Bitter, warm, non-toxic.
[Indications] Primarily treats cough with rebellious qi, regulates middle jiao injury, tonifies deficiencies, eliminates pathogenic factors, unblocks the nine orifices, enhances wisdom, makes ears and eyes clear and bright, improves memory, strengthens willpower, and doubles physical strength. Long-term use lightens the body and delays aging.
[Verification] Says: Originates from Mount Tai, and the valleys of Yuanju. Yuanju belongs to Ji Yin Commandery, Yanzhou Prefecture; currently supplied from Lanling north of Pengcheng. Also found in He, Shan, and Luoxi regions. There are two varieties: large-leaf and small-leaf. Both flower in March and roots are harvested in April. The large-leaf variety has large leaves, red flowers, and thick roots; the small-leaf variety has small leaves, white flowers, and seedlings resembling Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄) but green. Leaves resemble Isatidis Folium (Daqingye, 大青叶) but smaller; root shape resembles Artemisiae Argyi Rhizoma et Caulis (Haocao, 蒿草) but yellow. The seedling is also called Xiao Cao (Little Grass). Processing requires removing the heart/core, otherwise it causes irritability. It should still be soaked in Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, 甘草) decoction overnight, then sun-dried or baked. It works well with Poria (Fuling, 茯苓), Malvae Semen (Dongkuizi, 冬葵子), and Dragon Bone (Longgu, 龙骨). It is incompatible with Pearl (Zhenzhu, 珍珠), Veratrum Root (Lilu, 藜芦), Blatta Orientalis (Feilian, 蜚蠊), and Qige.
Mr. Wang Shaolong said: The flavor is aromatic and pungent, a Yang herb. It is a branch of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma (Changpu, 菖蒲), entering the Hand-Shaoyin Heart Meridian. Since the Heart is the sovereign official, from which divine intelligence emerges, when the Heavenly Sovereign (Heart) is settled, the five senses become clear, and the hundred limbs obey orders.
My father said: Deep insight and far-reaching ambition make both entering office and retiring suitable. Short seedlings and long roots govern matters of the Kidney.
[Commentary] Says: Zhi (Will) is Yi (Intention). Where the Heart goes, where the Heart directs. Stored in the Kidney and utilized by the Heart, thus when static it is Yi, when active it is Zhi. Yi resides in the sixth of the Six Roots, Zhi resides in the fifth of the Five Spirits, so it can be considered "far" (Yuan). Because of this distance, it can assist Divine Intelligence, allowing movement and flow to be round and unobstructed, making the root-body wise and light. In this way, what obstruction would there be for the six excesses of the material world penetrating the root-body and causing blockage and rebellion?
(Shennong Bencao Jing, Upper Grade)
[Flavor and Nature] Sweet, neutral, non-toxic.
[Indications] Primarily treats cold and heat in the heart, abdomen, and bladder; promotes urination; stops bleeding; resolves blood stasis. Long-term use boosts qi and strength, lightens the body, extends life, and is like that of an immortal.
[Verification] Says: Xiangpu (Typha orientalis) is the plant from which Puhuang is derived. It grows everywhere, but those from Qinzhou are superior. It grows in clumps by the water, resembling Cyperi Rotundi Rhizoma (Wangu, 莞草) but narrower, with a midrib and soft texture. Tender leaves emerge in spring, appearing red and white and downy when emerging from water. Take the white part at the center underground; eating it raw is sweet and crisp. Boiling it makes it edible after one night. It can also be fried, steamed, dried, ground into powder, and made into cakes. The Rites of Zhou calls it Puzu. The Book of Songs asks, "What are the vegetables?" referring to bamboo shoots and Typha. After summer, stems shoot up from the leaves, flowers embrace the stem tip, resembling warriors holding pestles, called Puzhui (Typha catkin), which is the calyx. Huang (pollen) is the powder on the flowers, also known as Puhui. Harvest when flowering, mix with honey as a fruit, very delicious. Pick leaves in July and August; they are smooth and warm, suitable for making mats. Hence, in rituals, men hold Pu Bi (Jade Discs shaped like mats), indicating the way to pacify people. When using Puhuang, do not use Songhuang (Pine pollen) or Huanghao (Artemisia annua), as these look exactly like Puhuang but have a bland taste and induce vomiting. True Puhuang must be placed between three layers of paper, baked until yellow, steamed for half a day, and then re-baked dry.
[Commentary] Says: Pu is an aquatic plant. Huang is the essence of Summer Fire. Whenever plants bloom and release their essence, or flourish and shed fruits/stems, they all embody the imagery of Spring Ascending, Summer Emerging, Autumn Descending, and Winter Storing. Regarding Puhuang spreading over the flower heart, this is the peak of Summer emergence and blooming. However, Puhuang spreads over the flowers like gold that does not change over time. Thus, we know the nature of Pu is specialized in "Huang," utilizing Ju Yang (Taiyang/Superficial Yang) as function, and Cold Water as substance, entering the Taiyang channel. It is indeed a drug for the Qi and Blood aspects of the Taiyang channel. Therefore, when Taiyang is moved/diseased, symptoms include chills and fever, and difficult urination. Its generated diseases, such as epistaxis and blood stasis, can all be treated. Guest says: Aquatic plants are red and white, summer flowers embrace the stem, possessing meanings of Heart and Kidney. It can also enter the Kidney of the Heart, and the Heart of the arm. I say: Hand and Foot Taiyang and Shaoyin are the exterior-interior, upper-lower, and intermediate manifestations of Fu and Zang organs. Entering Hand Taiyang, it concurrently manages Hand Shaoyin of the Zang organs. Entering Foot Taiyang, it concurrently manages Foot Shaoyin of the Zang organs. This is what is meant by "Above the Biao (Mark), transformation of Qi; Below the Qi, manifestation of the Middle." This is Puhuang mutually involving the intermediate manifestations of Fu-Zang exterior-interior and upper-lower, thus connecting Heart and Kidney, differing from the case of Water-Fire mutual overcoming and Heart-Kidney interaction. Guest says: Since it enters Heart and Kidney, it can also interact. I say: Interaction is not opening and closing, nor does it conform to the image of the Central Pivot. Puhuang spreading over flowers only shows the intermediate manifestation through the opening method of Biao-Chen Yang. This uses the Qi of the Fu channels to involve the transformation of the Zang channels, not the form of the Fu channels combining with the Zang channels...
(All flowers have yellow, but when flowers fade, the yellow disappears, because they are not specialized in yellow. Puhuang remains unchanged like gold, truly belonging to specialization. It also embodies the three meanings of Summer Fire, Late Summer Earth, and Autumn Metal.
Ju Yang refers to Taiyang. Above Taiyang, Cold Qi governs, with Shaoyin as the intermediate manifestation. What Taiyang calls Biao (Mark), Cold Qi calls Ben (Root), and Shaoyin calls Zhong (Middle). The Root originates from water plants, the Mark appears at the peak of Summer Fire blooming, so it specifically travels to Taiyang, concurrent with the intermediate manifestation.)