（宋开宝）
【气味】苦寒，无毒。
【主治】主肺热咳嗽，痰结喘促，血痔 疮。
【核】曰∶出关中及河东、河北、江、淮、夔、浙，诸平泽丛林间。春时蔓生，附木而
上；叶似罗摩叶，圆浓且涩。入夏作花，色青白。结实似桃李而长，霜降叶脱，垂垂似铃，
枯则四裂，中仁似榆 。根色黄赤似防己，稍小而扁，作葛根及木香气。修事，采实去叶蔓，
置绢囊中，悬东屋角畔，俟干，劈开，去革膜，只取净子，焙干用。
【 】曰∶形似马兜之铃，高悬四裂，肺金之象也。气味苦寒，对待肺热叶焦，为咳为
喘为痰结或移热于腑；为痔为漏为肠痈；或发于广颡，为 为疮为瘰 ；或失于游溢，为癃，
为淋，为水肿；或横乘火位，为哕为 为心痛，莫不以热为本，以肺为标，宜虚其实，毋虚
其虚。
（肘后名都淋藤。大明名云南枝。蜀本名独行根。事物异名名玉皇瓜。唐本名土青木香。
各随根茎花实以肖形也。纲目名三百两银药。此理数之不可晓者。）
（宋开宝）
【气味】苦平，无毒。
【主治】主老癖症瘕，积聚结块，产后恶血、血结，通月水，破胎，止痛、利气。
【核】曰∶旧不注所产土地，今荆襄、江淮、河陕皆有之。多在浅水旁，或荒废陂池湿
地间。春时丛生，夏秋抽茎，茎端复出数叶，开花六七枝，色黄紫。作穗细碎，列子如粟。
茎叶花实，俱有三棱，并与莎草一样，但极长大。其本光滑，中有白瓤，剖之织物，柔韧如
藤。本下有魁初生成块，如子附子；亦有扁形者。从旁横贯一根，复连数魁，或作苗叶，但
都长扁，须皮黄褐，削去须皮，宛如鲫状，体重者，荆三棱。圆小如梅者，黑三棱。钩曲如
爪者，鸡爪三棱。因状赋名，各适其用，本非两物也。
【 】曰∶固以形地举，亦以功用言。李广传云∶威棱 乎邻国，故主老癖积恶，匪此
破敌，不灭不格矣。
【气味】味苦，性寒，无毒。
【主治】主要治疗肺热咳嗽，痰结导致的喘息急促，以及血痔和疮疡。
【核】说：产于关中及河东、河北、江、淮、夔州、浙江等地的平原沼泽丛林之间。春季时蔓生，依附树木向上生长；叶子类似罗摩叶，圆润浓密且涩。入夏开花，花色青白。果实形状像桃李但较长，霜降时节叶子脱落，垂挂下来像铃铛一样，干枯后向四周裂开，中间的种子类似榆树种子。根部颜色黄赤类似防己（Pseudostellariae Radix），稍小且扁平，具有葛根及木香的气味。炮制方法：采集果实去掉叶蔓，放入绢袋中，悬挂在房屋东角的屋檐下，等待干燥后劈开，去掉革质薄膜，只取干净的种子，焙干后使用。
【曰】形状像马兜铃（Aristolochiae Fructus）的铃铛，高高悬挂且四裂，这是肺金之象。气味苦寒，针对肺热叶焦，表现为咳嗽、喘息、痰结，或者热邪移于腑脏；表现为痔疮、瘘管、肠痈；或者发于咽喉深处，表现为喉痹、溃疡、瘰疬；或者水液失于游溢，表现为小便不通、淋证、水肿；或者横逆侵犯火位，表现为呃逆、呕吐、心痛，无不以热为本，以肺为标，应当泻其有余之实，不要损伤其本已虚弱之处。
（《肘后方》称为都淋藤。《大明本草》称为云南枝。《蜀本草》称为独行根。事物异名称为玉皇瓜。《唐本草》称为土青木香。各随根茎花实的形态命名。《本草纲目》称为三百两银药。这是数理难以解释的。）
【气味】味苦，性平，无毒。
【主治】主要治疗老癖症瘕，积聚结块，产后恶露不尽、血结，通调月经，破胎，止痛，利气。
【核】说：旧籍未注明产地，如今荆襄、江淮、河陕等地都有出产。多在浅水旁，或荒废的池塘湿地之间。春季丛生，夏秋抽茎，茎端又生出几片叶子，开出六七枝花，花色黄紫。花穗细碎，排列的种子像粟米。茎、叶、花、实都有三棱，与莎草相似，只是极其长大。其根部光滑，中间有白色瓤状物，剖开后可用于织物，柔韧如藤。根下有魁首初生成块，像附子（Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata）；也有扁平形状的。从旁边横贯一根，连接数个魁首，或者长出苗叶，但都长而扁，须皮黄褐色，削去须皮，宛如鲫鱼形状，体重者，称为荆三棱。圆小如梅者，称为黑三棱。钩曲如爪者，称为鸡爪三棱。因形状赋予名称，各适其用，本来不是两种东西。
【曰】固然以形状和产地列举，也以功用而言。《李广传》说：威棱震慑邻国，所以主治老癖积恶，非此药不能破敌，不消灭不格挡不行。
[Flavor and Nature] Bitter, cold, non-toxic.
[Indications] Primarily treats lung-heat cough, wheezing and rapid breathing due to phlegm accumulation, as well as bloody hemorrhoids and sores.
[Commentary on Origin and Processing] It states: Grows in the plains, marshes, and forests of Guanzhong, Hedong, Hebei, Jianghuai, Kuizhou, and Zhejiang regions. In spring, it grows as a vine, climbing up trees; leaves resemble those of *Rama* (likely referring to a specific local plant or metaphorical description), round, thick, and astringent. Flowers appear in early summer, with greenish-white color. Fruits are elongated like peaches or plums. When frost descends, leaves fall off, hanging down like bells; when dry, they split into four parts, with seeds inside resembling elm seeds. The root is yellowish-red, similar to *Fangji* (*Pseudostellariae Radix*), slightly smaller and flat, possessing the aroma of *Gegen* (*Puerariae Radix*) and *Muxiang* (*Aucklandiae Radix*). For processing: harvest the fruits, remove leaves and vines, place them in silk bags, hang them under the eaves at the eastern corner of the house until dry, then split open, remove the membranous pericarp, take only the clean seeds, and bake them for use.
[Analysis] The shape resembles the bell of *Madouling* (*Aristolochiae Fructus*), hanging high and splitting into four, which is the image of Metal of the Lung. The flavor is bitter and cold, countering "lung-heat causing leaf scorch," manifesting as cough, wheezing, and phlegm accumulation, or heat transferring to the fu organs; manifesting as hemorrhoids, fistulas, and intestinal abscesses; or erupting in the deep throat, causing throat obstruction, ulcers, and scrofula; or failing to regulate fluid overflow, causing strangury, dysuria, and edema; or invading the fire position horizontally, causing hiccups, vomiting, and heart pain. All these conditions have heat as the root and lung involvement as the branch. One should reduce excess (shí) and not deplete deficiency (xū).
(*Zhou Hou Fang* names it Dulin Teng. *Da Ming Ben Cao* names it Yunnan Zhi. *Shu Ben Cao* names it Duxing Gen. Another name is Yuhuang Gua. *Tang Ben Cao* names it Tu Qingmuxiang. Names vary according to the shapes of roots, stems, flowers, and fruits. *Bencao Gangmu* names it San Bai Liang Yin Yao. This relates to numerology and is hard to explain.)
[Flavor and Nature] Bitter, neutral, non-toxic.
[Indications] Primarily treats old fixed masses and abdominal lumps, accumulations and nodules, postpartum lochia retention and blood stasis, regulates menstruation, breaks down fetal membranes, relieves pain, and promotes qi circulation.
[Commentary on Origin and Processing] It states: Old texts do not specify the production area; currently, it is found in Jingxiang, Jianghuai, Heshan, etc. It mostly grows near shallow water or in abandoned ponds and wetlands. In spring, it grows in clusters; in summer and autumn, it sends up stems. Several leaves emerge at the stem tips, producing six or seven flower branches with yellow-purple colors. The inflorescence is fine and fragmented, with seeds arranged like millet. Stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits all have three edges, similar to *Sucao* (*Cyperus Rotundus*), but much larger. The base is smooth with white pith inside; when cut, it can be used for weaving, flexible like a vine. Below the base, there are initial tuberous growths resembling *Fuzi* (*Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata*); some are flat. A horizontal root connects several tubers or sprouts leaves, generally long and flat. With yellow-brown fibrous roots removed, resembling a crucian carp, heavy ones are called Jing Sanleng. Round and small like a plum are called Hei Sanleng. Hooked and claw-like are called Jizhao Sanleng. Named according to shape for specific uses; originally not two different substances.
[Analysis] Listed by shape and origin, also described by function. As stated in the biography of Li Guang: "Its majesty and sharpness deter neighboring states." Thus, it treats old fixed masses and evil accumulations; without this herb to break through the enemy, destruction and resistance would persist.