通、行水。
苦寒。沉阴下行。与大戟、甘遂同功。疗水肿胀满。（肿属脾、胀属肝、肿则阳气犹行、
如
单胀而不肿者、名蛊胀、为木横克土、难治、肿胀朝宽暮急为血虚、暮宽朝急为气虚、朝暮
俱急、为气血两虚、肿胀由心腹而散四肢者吉、由四肢而入心腹者危、男自下而上、女自
上而下、皆难治。）疝瘕痈肿。喉痹不通。（薄切、醋炒、涂喉中、良。）利二便。泻蛊毒。
敷恶疮。堕胎孕。肿胀因脾虚者多。若误用之。一时虽效。未几再作。决不能救。取白花之
根。（赤者伤人、只堪贴脐、入麝三分、捣贴、小便利则肿消。）铜刀刮去皮。水浸一宿。黑
豆拌蒸。得蒜良。
大通、行水。
苦温。去水饮痰癖。疗五水在五脏，皮肤胀满，喘急痛引胸胁，咳嗽瘴疟。（五水者、
风水
、皮水、正水、石水、黄汗也、水积胞中、坚满如石、名石水、汗如柏汁、名黄汗、久不愈
必
伤寒太阳证、表未解、心下有水而咳、干呕发热、或喘或利者、小
青龙汤主之、表已解、有时头痛、出汗恶寒、心下有水、干呕、痛引两胁、或喘或咳者、十
枣汤主之、盖青龙散表邪、使水从汗出、内经所谓开鬼门也、十枣逐里邪、使水从二便出、
内经所谓洁净府、去陈 法也、十枣汤、芫花、甘遂、大戟等分、枣十枚。）毒性至紧。取
效最捷。稍涉虚者服之。多致夭折。叶似柳。二月开花紫碧色。叶生花落。陈久者良。好醋
煮过。晒干。反甘草。根疗疥。
通利，行水气。
味苦，性寒。性质沉降阴寒，趋向下行。与大戟、甘遂功效相同。治疗水肿胀满。（肿胀属于脾病，胀满属于肝病；肿则阳气尚能运行，如果只有胀满而不肿的，称为蛊胀，这是肝木横逆克制脾土，难以治疗；肿胀早晨缓解傍晚加重的是血虚，傍晚缓解早晨加重的是气虚，早晚都加重的是气血两虚；肿胀从心腹部位消散至四肢的为吉兆，从四肢侵入心腹的为危症；男性病变自下而上发展，女性病变自上而下发展，都难治。）治疗疝气、瘕积、痈肿。喉痹不通。（将药薄切，用醋炒制，涂抹于喉中，效果良好。）通利大小便。泻除蛊毒。敷治恶疮。导致堕胎。肿胀多因脾虚引起。如果误用此药，虽然一时见效，但不久后病情复发，最终必然无法救治。取白色花的根。（红色的根伤人，只能贴敷脐部，加入麝香三分，捣碎后贴敷，小便通畅则肿胀消退。）用铜刀刮去外皮，用水浸泡一夜。用黑豆拌蒸。与大蒜同用效果好。
大通利，行水气。
味苦，性温。去除水饮痰癖。治疗五脏中的五种水气病，皮肤胀满，气喘急促疼痛牵引胸胁，咳嗽、瘴疟。（五种水气病是指：风水、皮水、正水、石水、黄汗。水积聚在胞宫/膀胱中，坚硬胀满如石头，称为石水；汗液像柏树汁一样颜色深黄，称为黄汗。久治不愈必定转化为伤寒太阳证，表证未解，心下有停水而咳嗽，干呕发热，或者气喘或者腹泻的，用小青龙汤主治；表证已解，有时头痛，出汗恶寒，心下有停水，干呕，疼痛牵引两胁，或者气喘或者咳嗽的，用十枣汤主治。大概小青龙汤发散表邪，使水气从汗液排出，即《内经》所说的“开鬼门”；十枣汤驱逐里邪，使水气从大小便排出，即《内经》所说的“洁净府”，去除陈腐积滞的方法。十枣汤由芫花、甘遂、大戟等分组成，大枣十枚。）毒性非常猛烈。取得疗效最迅速。稍微涉及虚证的病人服用，大多导致早夭。叶子像柳树。二月开紫碧色的花。叶生花落。存放久的药材好。喜欢用醋煮过，晒干。反甘草（十八反之一）。根部治疗疥疮。
Promotes urination, moves water qi.
Bitter, cold in nature. Sinking and yin, directing downward. It has the same efficacy as *Da Ji* (Kansui Root) and *Gan Sui* (Euphorbia Lathyris Root). Treats edema and distension. (Swelling belongs to the Spleen, distension belongs to the Liver; when there is swelling, yang qi still circulates. If there is distension without swelling, it is called "Gu Distension" (Gu Abdominal Distension), caused by Liver Wood overacting on Spleen Earth, which is difficult to treat. Swelling that improves in the morning and worsens in the evening indicates Blood Deficiency; improving in the evening and worsening in the morning indicates Qi Deficiency; worsening at both times indicates Qi and Blood Deficiency. Swelling dissipating from the heart/abdomen to the limbs is auspicious; spreading from the limbs to the heart/abdomen is critical. In men, progression from lower to upper parts is difficult to treat; in women, progression from upper to lower parts is difficult to treat.) Treats hernia, mass formations, and carbuncles/swellings. Pharyngeal obstruction with inability to swallow/breathe. (Slice thinly, stir-fry with vinegar, and apply to the throat for good effect.) Promotes urination and defecation. Purges Gu toxin. Applies to malignant sores. Causes abortion. Edema is mostly due to Spleen Deficiency. If used mistakenly, although effective temporarily, the condition will recur shortly thereafter, and ultimately cannot be saved. Use the root of the white-flowered variety. (The red-rooted variety harms people; it can only be applied to the umbilicus. Mix with 3 fen of *Mo Xiang* (Musk), pound into a paste, and apply. When urination becomes smooth, the swelling subsides.) Scrape off the skin with a copper knife, soak in water overnight. Steam with black beans mixed in. Works well with garlic.
Strongly promotes urination, moves water qi.
Bitter, warm in nature. Removes water retention and phlegm-stagnation. Treats five types of water diseases in the five Zang organs, causing skin distension, panting, urgency, pain radiating to the chest and hypochondrium, cough, and malarial fevers. (The five water diseases are: Wind Water, Skin Water, Correct Water, Stone Water, and Yellow Sweat. When water accumulates in the bladder/uterus, becoming hard and full like stone, it is called Stone Water. When sweat is dark yellow like cypress juice, it is called Yellow Sweat. If not cured for a long time, it inevitably transforms into Taiyang syndrome of Cold Damage. If the exterior syndrome is unresolved, with water retention in the epigastrium causing cough, dry heaving, fever, or possibly panting or diarrhea, *Xiao Qing Long Tang* (Minor Blue Dragon Decoction) is the primary treatment. If the exterior syndrome is resolved, with occasional headache, sweating, aversion to cold, water retention in the epigastrium, dry heaving, pain radiating to both hypochondria, or possibly panting or coughing, *Shi Zao Tang* (Ten Jujube Decoction) is the primary treatment. Essentially, *Qing Long* (Blue Dragon) disperses exterior pathogens, allowing water to exit via sweat, which corresponds to the *Neijing*'s concept of "opening the ghost gates" (diaphoresis); *Shi Zao* purges interior pathogens, allowing water to exit via urination and defecation, corresponding to the *Neijing*'s concept of "cleaning the fu organs" (diuresis/catharsis) and removing stale accumulation. *Shi Zao Tang* consists of equal parts of *Yuan Hua* (Genkwa Flower), *Gan Sui*, and *Da Ji*, along with ten jujubes.) The toxicity is extremely potent. It achieves results most rapidly. If taken by patients with even slight deficiency, it often leads to premature death. Leaves resemble willow leaves. Blooms purple-green in February. Flowers fall after leaves emerge. Aged material is superior. Preferably boiled in vinegar, then sun-dried. Incompatible with *Gan Cao* (Licorice Root). The root treats scabies.