宣、引吐。
辛寒至苦。司蛊毒与喉痹。能杀虫。理疥癣。入口即吐。善通顶。令人嚏。风痫证多用
之。
（张子和儒门事亲曰∶一妇病风痫、初一二年一发、后渐日发、甚至一日数发、求死而已、
值岁大饥、采百草食、见野草若葱、采蒸饱食、觉不安、吐胶涎数日、约一二斗、汗出如洗
、甚昏困、后遂轻健如常人、以所食葱访人、乃憨葱苗、即藜芦是矣、时珍曰∶和王妃、年
七十、中风不省、牙关紧闭、先考太医吏目月池翁诊视、浓煎藜芦汤灌之、少顷噫气、遂吐
痰而苏、药不瞑眩、厥疾不瘳、诚然。）服之令人烦闷吐逆。大损津液。虚者慎之。取根去
头。用黄连为使。反细辛、芍药、诸参。恶大黄。畏葱白。（吐者、服葱汤即止、与酒同用
、杀人。头生虮虱、藜芦末掺之。疥癣虫疮、藜芦末生油涂。）
寒、通、泻脏腑水湿。
苦能直泄。颛泻脏腑水湿。兼善逐血。辛能横散。故发汗消痈。寒能通二便闭。治十二
种水
。腹满急痛。积聚症瘕。颈腋痈肿。风毒脚肿。通经堕胎。泻火逐痰。（时珍曰∶痰涎为物
、随气升降、无处不到、入心则迷成癫痫、入肺则塞窍、为咳喘背冷、入肝则胁痛干呕、寒
热往来、入经络则麻痹疼痛、入筋骨则牵引隐痛、入皮肉则瘰 痈肿、陈无择并以控涎丹主
之、殊有奇功、此乃治痰之本、痰之本水也、湿也、得气与火则结为痰、大戟能泄脏腑水湿
、甘遂能行经隧水湿、白芥子能散皮里膜外痰气、唯善用者、能收奇功也、又曰∶钱仲阳谓
肾为真水、有补无泻、复云∶痘证变黑归肾者、用百祥膏下之、非泻肾也、泻其腑则脏自
不实、腑者膀胱也、百祥惟大戟一味、能行膀胱之水故也、窃谓非独泻腑、乃肾邪实而泻肝
也、实则泻其子、大戟浸水青绿、肝胆之色也、痘证毒盛、火炽则水益涸、风挟火势、则土
受亏、故津液内竭、不能化脓、而成黑陷之证、泻其风火之毒、所以救肾扶脾也、张洁古活
法机要、用大戟一两、枣三枚、同煮焙干、去戟用枣、丸服、名枣变百祥丸。）阴寒善走。
大损真气。非元气壮实。水湿伏留。不可浪施。杭产、紫者为上。北产、白者伤人。浆水煮
软。去骨。得大枣良。赤小豆为使。恶山药，畏菖蒲，反甘草。
宣通、引导呕吐。
味辛、性寒，极苦。主治蛊毒与喉痹。能杀虫。治疗疥癣。入口即引起呕吐。善于通达头部顶端。令人打喷嚏。风痫证多用此药。
（张子和在《儒门事亲》中说：一位妇女患风痫病，初起一两年发作一次，后来逐渐每天发作，甚至一天发作数次，只求一死而已。正值大饥荒之年，采集百草食用，见到野草像葱一样，采摘蒸熟饱食后，感觉不适，吐出胶状涎液数日，约一二斗，出汗如洗澡一般，非常昏沉困倦，之后便轻松健康如常人。询问所吃的“葱”，原来是憨葱苗，就是藜芦了。李时珍说：和王妃，七十岁，中风不省人事，牙关紧闭，先父太医吏目月池翁诊视，浓煎藜芦汤灌服，片刻后打嗝，随即吐出痰液而苏醒。药物若不引起瞑眩反应，重病就不能痊愈，确实如此。）服用此药令人烦闷吐逆。大伤津液。体虚者慎用。取根部，去掉头。用黄连作为引经药。反细辛、芍药、诸参。恶大黄。畏葱白。（若欲止吐，服用葱汤即可停止；若与酒同用，会杀人。头上生虮虱，用藜芦末掺撒。疥癣虫疮，用藜芦末加生油涂抹。）
寒性，通利，泻脏腑水湿。
苦味能直接泄降。专门泻除脏腑水湿。兼善逐血。辛味能横向发散。故能发汗消痈。寒性能通利二便闭塞。治疗十二种水气病。腹满急痛。积聚症瘕。颈腋部痈肿。风毒脚肿。通经堕胎。泻火逐痰。（李时珍说：痰涎这种病理产物，随气机升降，无处不到。入心则迷乱成癫痫，入肺则阻塞窍道，导致咳喘背冷，入肝则胁痛干呕，寒热往来，入经络则麻痹疼痛，入筋骨则牵引隐痛，入皮肉则瘰疬痈肿。陈无择均用控涎丹主治，殊有奇功。这是治痰的根本之法。痰之本是水，是湿，得气与火则凝结为痰。大戟能泄脏腑水湿，甘遂能行经隧水湿，白芥子能散皮里膜外痰气。只有善于使用者，才能收到奇效。又说：钱仲阳认为肾为真水，有补无泻，又曾说痘证变黑归肾者，用百祥膏下之，并非泻肾，而是泻其腑则脏自然不实。腑指膀胱，百祥丸仅大戟一味，能行膀胱之水。窃以为不仅泻腑，乃是肾邪实而泻肝。实则泻其子。大戟浸水呈青绿色，乃肝胆之色。痘证毒盛，火炽则水益涸，风挟火势，则土受亏，故津液内竭，不能化脓，而成黑陷之证。泻其风火之毒，所以救肾扶脾。张洁古《活法机要》中，用大戟一两，枣三枚，同煮焙干，去戟用枣，丸服，名为枣变百祥丸。）阴寒之性善于走窜。大损真气。若非元气壮实、水湿伏留体内者，不可随意施用。杭州产、紫色者为上品。北方产、白色者伤人。用浆水煮软。去掉骨芯。得大枣配合良好。赤小豆为使药。恶山药，畏菖蒲，反甘草。
Promotes and induces vomiting.
Pungent, cold, extremely bitter. Governs gu poison (parasitic disease) and throat obstruction (bi syndrome of the throat). Capable of killing parasites. Treats scabies and tinea. Causes immediate vomiting upon entry into the mouth. Excellent at unblocking the vertex of the head. Induces sneezing. Frequently used in wind-phlegm epilepsy syndromes.
(Zhang Hezi stated in *Rumen Shiqin*: A woman suffered from wind-phlegm epilepsy, initially occurring once every one or two years, later progressing to daily attacks, even several times a day, wishing only for death. During a year of severe famine, she collected and ate various herbs, seeing wild grass resembling green onions, which she steamed and ate until full. She felt uncomfortable, vomiting gelatinous saliva for several days, totaling about one or two dou, sweating profusely as if washed, feeling extremely drowsy and exhausted, after which she recovered her health like a normal person. Inquiring about the "green onion" she ate, it turned out to be Hancong seedlings, which is Lülü (Veratrum nigrum). Li Shizhen stated: The Princess of He was seventy years old, suffering from stroke with loss of consciousness and locked jaw. My father, Taiyi Limu Yuechi, examined her and administered a strong decoction of Lülü. After a short while, she belched, then vomited phlegm and regained consciousness. If a medicine does not cause a Mingxuan reaction (severe adverse reaction indicating effective treatment), serious diseases will not heal, which is indeed true.) Taking this medicine causes irritability, nausea, and vomiting. Severely damages body fluids. Those with deficiency should use it cautiously. Use the root, removing the head. Use Huanglian (Coptis Rhizome) as an guiding herb. Incompatible with Xixin (Asarum Root), Shaoyao (Peony Root), and all types of Shen (Ginseng). Dislikes Dahuang (Rhubarb Root). Fears Congbai (Green Onion White). (If vomiting needs to be stopped, taking Congtang (Green Onion Decoction) will stop it; using it with wine can be fatal. For lice on the head, sprinkle Lülü powder. For scabies, tinea, and insect sores, apply Lülü powder mixed with raw oil.)
Cold in nature, promoting unblocking, purging water-dampness from the Zang-Fu organs.
Bitter flavor directly drains downward. Specifically purges water-dampness from the Zang-Fu organs. Also good at driving out blood stasis. Pungency disperses horizontally. Therefore, it induces sweating and resolves carbuncles. Cold nature unblocks closure of both bowels and bladder. Treats twelve types of fluid retention diseases. Abdominal fullness and acute pain. Accumulations and masses (zheng jia). Carbuncle swelling in the neck and axilla. Wind-toxin leg swelling. Unblocks meridians and induces abortion. Purges fire and drives out phlegm. (Li Shizhen said: Phlegm-saliva, as a pathological product, rises and falls with Qi movement, reaching everywhere. Entering the Heart, it confuses and becomes epilepsy; entering the Lung, it blocks orifices, causing cough, asthma, and back cold; entering the Liver, it causes hypochondriac pain, dry retching, and alternating chills and fever; entering the meridians, it causes numbness and pain; entering sinews and bones, it causes pulling and dull pain; entering skin and flesh, it causes scrofula and carbuncles. Chen Wuyue treated all these with Kongxian Dan, achieving remarkable results. This is the fundamental method for treating phlegm. The origin of phlegm is water and dampness; when combined with Qi and Fire, it condenses into phlegm. Daye (Kerria Root) can purge water-dampness from Zang-Fu organs, Gansui (Kansui Root) can move water-dampness through meridians, and Baijiezhi (White Mustard Seed) can dissipate phlegm-Qi inside the fascia. Only those who are skilled can achieve miraculous effects. He also said: Qian Zhongyang considered the Kidney as True Water, stating it has supplementation but no purgation. Yet he also said that for varicella lesions turning black and returning to the Kidney, Baixiang Gao (Hundred-Auspicious Ointment) should be used to purge them. This is not purging the Kidney, but purging its Fu organ so the Zang organ naturally becomes less full. The Fu organ refers to the Bladder. Baixiang Wan contains only Daye, which can move water in the Bladder. I suspect it is not merely purging the Fu organ, but rather purging the Liver because the Kidney pathogen is excess. When there is excess, purge its child organ. Daye soaked in water turns blue-green, the color of the Liver and Gallbladder. In varicella cases with intense toxin and blazing fire, water is further depleted. Wind carrying fire energy depletes Earth, causing internal exhaustion of body fluids, inability to form pus, resulting in black sunken lesions. Purging this wind-fire toxin saves the Kidney and supports the Spleen. Zhang Jiegu's *Huofa Jiyao* uses one liang of Daye and three dates, boiled together, dried, discarding the Daye and using the dates, formed into pills, named Zaobian Baixiang Wan.) Yin-cold nature moves swiftly. Severely damages True Qi. It should not be used indiscriminately unless the original Qi is robust and water-dampness is stagnant within. Hangzhou-produced, purple-colored ones are superior. Northern-produced, white-colored ones harm people. Boil soft with Jiangshui (fermented grain liquid). Remove the woody core. Compatible with Dazao (Jujube Fruit). Chi Xiaodou (Adzuki Bean) acts as an assistant herb. Dislikes Shanyao (Dioscorea Rhizome), fears Changpu (Acorus Rhizome), incompatible with Gancao (Licorice Root).