\r桃仁\pq97.bmp\r
破瘀留于肝络。味苦兼甘。通燥结于肺肠。性平且润。可辟八方之鬼魅。乃缘五木之
精英。（桃仁味苦兼甘。性平而润。专入肝经。兼入肺与大肠。破血润燥。杀虫者。虫因血
裹而生也。祛风者。血行风自灭也。至其能治肝疟鬼疰疼痛等证。均为肝病血结显然。辟鬼
除邪之说。自古相传。故桃符桃枝桃枭桃核之类。皆有所取也。欲散连皮尖。欲降去皮尖。
均研用。）
\r杏仁\pq98.bmp\r
苦辛宣壅。能疏肺部风寒。温润下行善降大肠燥结。能宽胸而降气。可治咳以搜痰。
甜者因味属甘平。用之则功多润降。（杏仁味苦性温。入肺经气分。凡仁皆降。故功专降气
。气降则痰消嗽止。能润大肠。故大肠气闭者可用之。考杏仁之性。似无辛味。似乎只有润
降之功。而无解散之力。但风寒外束。肺气壅逆。不得不用此苦降之品。使气顺而表方得解
。故麻黄汤用之。亦此意耳。桃仁杏仁。其性相似。一入肝经血分。一入肺经气分。至于解
毒杀虫。彼此均可。在乎用者之神明耳。○甜杏仁别有一种。味甘性平。可供果食。主治亦
皆相仿。用于虚劳咳嗽方中。无苦劣之性耳。）
\r梨\pq99a1.bmp\r
性偏寒润。味属甘酸。解渴止酲。清心肺上焦之烦热。消痰快膈。治胃肠内扰之风消。
（梨味甘微酸。性寒滑。入肺胃。清烦热。能利大肠。治热咳燥咳。除胸中热痰。解丹石毒
酒毒。夫热极则生风。故能治风消等证。但生用能清热。熟用可养阴。亦如地黄之生熟异用
耳。）
桃仁
瘀血阻滞于肝经络脉。味道苦而兼甘。能疏通肺与大肠的燥结。药性平和且滋润。可以驱除各方的鬼魅邪气，这是因为它是五种树木中的精华。（桃仁的味道苦而兼甘，药性平和而滋润，专门入肝经，兼入肺和大肠经。具有破血、润燥、杀虫的功效。所谓“虫因血裹而生”，即寄生虫是因血液包裹滋养而产生的；所谓“祛风者，血行风自灭也”，即祛除风邪是因为血液运行通畅后风邪自然消散。至于它能治疗肝疟疾、鬼疰（一种慢性消耗性传染病）引起的疼痛等症状，都是肝病导致血结的明显表现。辟鬼除邪的说法自古相传，所以桃符、桃枝、桃枭、桃核等物品都被有所取用。想要散瘀则保留皮和尖，想要降气则去掉皮和尖，使用时均需研磨。）
杏仁
味苦辛，宣通壅滞，能够疏散肺部的风寒。性质温润下行，善于降低大肠的燥结，能够宽胸并降逆气。可以治疗咳嗽以搜剔痰浊。甜杏仁因为味道属甘平，使用它则功效多为润降。（杏仁味道苦，药性温，入肺经的气分。凡是果仁类药物都具有沉降的特性，所以其功效专于降气。气降则痰消、咳嗽停止。它能润大肠，所以大肠气闭的患者可以使用它。考察杏仁的药性，似乎没有辛味，似乎只有润降的功效，而没有解散表邪的力量。但是风寒外束，肺气壅逆，不得不使用这种苦降的药物，使气机顺调，表邪才能得以解除。所以麻黄汤中使用它，也是这个意思。桃仁和杏仁，它们的药性相似，一个入肝经的血分，一个入肺经的气分。至于解毒杀虫，两者都可以，关键在于使用者的灵活运用。○甜杏仁是另一种，味道甘甜，药性平和，可以作为果品食用，主治功效也都相仿，用于虚劳咳嗽的方剂中，没有苦劣的性质。）
梨
药性偏寒润，味道属甘酸。能解渴止酒醉，清除心肺上焦的烦热。能消痰快膈，治疗胃肠内扰引起的“风消”（指因热极生风导致的消瘦或腹泻等症状）。（梨的味道甘微酸，药性寒滑，入肺胃经。能清烦热，能利大肠，治疗热咳、燥咳，清除胸中的热痰，解丹石毒和酒毒。热极则生风，所以能治疗风消等症状。但生用能清热，熟用可养阴，也像地黄一样有生熟不同用途的区别。）
Tao Ren (Persicae Semen)
Breaks blood stasis lodged in the collaterals of the Liver. Its taste is bitter and slightly sweet. It unblocks dryness and constipation in the Lungs and Large Intestine. Its nature is neutral and moistening. It can ward off demons from all directions, which is due to it being the essence of the five trees. (Tao Ren tastes bitter and slightly sweet, with a neutral and moistening nature. It specifically enters the Liver Meridian and also enters the Lung and Large Intestine meridians. It breaks blood, moistens dryness, and kills parasites; parasites are born because they are wrapped and nourished by blood. To dispel wind, as blood moves, wind naturally extinguishes. Regarding its ability to treat conditions such as liver malaria, Gui Zhu (ghostly fixation), and pain, these are clearly signs of blood stagnation caused by Liver disease. The saying of warding off ghosts and removing evil has been passed down since ancient times, hence items like Tao Fu (peach wood charm), Tao Zhi (peach branch), Tao Xiao (owl on peach wood), and Tao He (peach pit) are all utilized. To disperse stasis, keep the skin and tip; to descend Qi, remove the skin and tip. Both should be ground for use.)
Xing Ren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum)
Bitter and acrid, it disperses obstruction and can vent Wind-Cold in the Lungs. Warm and moist, it descends downward and is good at resolving dryness and constipation in the Large Intestine. It can broaden the chest and descend rebellious Qi. It can treat coughs by searching out phlegm. Sweet Xing Ren, because its taste is sweet and neutral, when used, its functions are mostly moistening and descending. (Xing Ren tastes bitter and is warm in nature, entering the Qi aspect of the Lung Meridian. All seeds/nuts have a descending property, so its function specializes in descending Qi. When Qi descends, phlegm dissipates and cough stops. It can moisten the Large Intestine, so it can be used for cases of Qi closure in the Large Intestine. Examining the nature of Xing Ren, it seems to lack an acrid taste, appearing to have only moistening and descending effects without the power to resolve exterior pathogens. However, when Wind-Cold binds the exterior and Lung Qi rebels, one must use this bitter-descending agent to make the Qi smooth so that the exterior can be resolved. Thus, in Ma Huang Tang (Ephedra Decoction), it is used for this very reason. Tao Ren and Xing Ren have similar natures: one enters the Blood aspect of the Liver Meridian, and the other enters the Qi aspect of the Lung Meridian. As for detoxification and killing parasites, both can do so, depending on the skillful application of the practitioner. ○ Sweet Xing Ren is a different variety, with a sweet taste and neutral nature, suitable for fruit consumption. Its main indications are similar, but when used in formulas for deficiency-type chronic cough, it lacks the bitter and harsh nature.)
Li (Pyrus Fructus)
Its nature is biased towards cold and moistening. Its taste is sweet and sour. It relieves thirst and cures drunkenness. It clears irritant heat from the Heart, Lungs, and Upper Jiao. It eliminates phlegm and relieves chest fullness. It treats "Feng Xiao" (wind wasting/diarrhea caused by internal disturbance in the stomach and intestines). (Li tastes sweet and slightly sour, with a cold and slippery nature, entering the Lung and Stomach meridians. It clears irritant heat, promotes bowel movement, treats heat cough and dry cough, removes hot phlegm from the chest, and resolves Dan Shi toxicity and alcohol toxicity. Extreme heat generates wind, so it can treat conditions like Feng Xiao. However, raw Li clears heat, while cooked Li nourishes Yin, similar to how Di Huang (Rehmanniae Radix) has different uses depending on whether it is raw or processed.)