铜青
即铜绿。
铁落
即铁屑 时砧上打落者是也，又如尘飞起者名铁精盐，醋浸出者名铁华，器物生衣者
名铁锈，作针家细末名针砂。
水粉
即铅粉，亦名宫粉，又名胡粉、锡粉、定粉、瓦粉、白粉。
铅丹
即黄丹，系黑铅炼成。
吸铁石
一名磁石。
海石
亦名浮石。
信石
即砒石，生者名砒黄，炼者名砒霜，锡苗也。
焰硝
一名硝石，亦名火硝。
寒水石
一名凝水石，盐精结成。按∶古方所用寒水石即凝水石，唐末诸方所用寨水石即石
羔也。
花乳石
即花芷石。
箭镞砂
即朱砂，亦名辰砂。
雄黄
生山之阳者名雄黄，生山之阴者名雌黄，劣者名薰黄。
芒硝朴硝
刮卤煎炼在底者名为朴硝，即皮硝，在上者为芒硝，亦名盆硝，有牙者名马牙硝
，风化者名风化硝。
地龙骨
即古矿灰。
石炭
即煤炭。
石胆
即胆矾，产铜坑中，铜之精液也。
白矾
用火升者为矾精，再以醋化者为矾华。
青矾
一名绿矾，亦名皂矾， 赤者名绛矾。
戎盐
一名青盐。
鹅管
即钟乳。
霉雨水
即梅雨水。
药雨水
即液雨水。
上池水
一名半天河。
井水
平旦新汲者名井华水。
甘泉
一名醴泉。
温汤
即温泉，庐山是硫磺泉，新安黄山是朱砂泉，长安骊山是 石泉，又出砒石处亦有温
泉。
土浆
即地浆，掘黄土地作坎深三尺，以新汲水沃入搅浊，少顷取清者用。
劳水
一名甘烂水，又名扬汛水，用流水二斗置大盆中，以杓高揭之千万遍，有沸珠相逐乃
取用。
太和汤
即百沸汤，一名麻沸汤。
阴阳水
即生热汤，用新汲水、百沸汤对合和匀。
铁落
就是铁屑，是在砧板上敲打时掉落下来的；又如像灰尘一样飞扬起来的叫作铁精盐，用醋浸泡提取出来的叫作铁华，器物表面生成的锈衣叫作铁锈，制作针具的工匠使用的细末叫作针砂。
吸铁石
又名磁石（Magnetite）。
信石
就是砒石（Arsenolite），天然的叫砒黄，炼制的叫砒霜，是锡矿冶炼过程中的副产品。
寒水石
又名凝水石，由盐分精华凝结而成。按：古方中使用的寒水石即凝水石，唐末各方书中使用的寒水石即石膏（Gypsum Fibrosum）。
雄黄
生长在山南向阳处的叫雄黄，生长在山北背阴处的叫雌黄，质量较差的叫薰黄。
芒硝、朴硝
刮取卤水煎煮后沉淀在底部的称为朴硝，即皮硝；在上层结晶的称为芒硝，也叫盆硝，有棱角的称为马牙硝，经过风化干燥的称为风化硝。
地龙骨
就是古代矿渣灰。
石胆
就是胆矾（Chalcanthite），产于铜矿坑中，是铜的精华液。
霉雨水
就是梅雨水（Plum Rain Water）。
温汤
就是温泉，庐山的温泉是硫磺泉，新安黄山的温泉是朱砂泉，长安骊山的是石泉，另外出产砒石的地方也有温泉。
土浆
就是地浆，挖掘黄土挖成三尺深的坑，倒入新汲的水搅浑，片刻后取上层澄清的水使用。
劳水
又名甘烂水，也叫扬汛水，取两斗流水放入大盆中，用勺子高高扬起反复千万遍，直到水面出现相互追逐的泡沫珠时才取用。
阴阳水
即生水和热汤混合，用新汲的冷水与百沸滚开水按比例调和均匀。
Tongqing (Verdigris)
Is the same as Tonglü (Verdigris).
Tiéluo (Iron Filings)
Refers to Tiexie (iron filings), specifically those struck off an anvil. Those that rise like dust are named Tiejingyan; those extracted by soaking in vinegar are named Tiehua; the rust coating on vessels is named Tiewu; and the fine powder used by needle-makers is named Zhensha.
Shuifen (Lead Powder)
Is the same as Qianfen (Lead Carbonate), also known as Gongfen, Hufen, Xifen, Dingfen, Wafen, and Baifen.
Qiandan (Red Lead)
Is the same as Huangdan (Red Lead Oxide), refined from Heiqian (black lead).
Xitieshi (Lodestone)
Also known as Cishi (Magnetite).
Haishi (Sea Stone)
Also known as Fushi (Pumice).
Xinshi (Realgar/Orpiment Stone - Arsenic Ore)
Is the same as Pishi (Arsenolite). The raw form is called Pi Huang; the refined form is called Pi Shuang (Arsenic Trioxide); it is a byproduct of tin smelting.
Yanxiao (Saltpeter)
Also known as Xiaoshi (Potassium Nitrate), or Huoxiao.
Hanshuishi (Cold Water Stone)
Also known as Ningshuishi, formed by the condensation of salt essence. Note: In ancient prescriptions, Hanshuishi referred to Ningshuishi; in prescriptions from the late Tang Dynasty onwards, Hanshuishi referred to Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum).
Huarusshi
Is the same as Huazhishi.
Jianzousha (Arrowhead Sand)
Is the same as Zhusha (Cinnabar), also known as Chensha.
Xionghuang (Realgar)
Realgar found on the sunny (south) side of mountains is named Xionghuang; that found on the shady (north) side is named Cihuang; inferior quality is named Xunhuang.
Mangxiao and Piaoxiao (Mirabilite and Glauber's Salt variants)
The substance settled at the bottom after scraping halite and refining is named Piaoxiao, also known as Pixiao. The substance crystallizing on top is named Mangxiao, also known as Penxiao. Those with sharp edges are named Mayaxiao; those that have undergone weathering are named Fenghuaxiao.
Dilonggu (Earth Dragon Bone)
Is the same as Gu Kuanghui (ancient mine ash).
Shitan (Stone Coal)
Is the same as Meitan (Coal).
Shidan (Green Vitriol Stone)
Is the same as Danfan (Chalcanthite), produced in copper mines; it is the essence of copper.
Baifan (White Alum)
The product obtained through fire sublimation is named Fanjing; that further dissolved in vinegar is named Fanhua.
Qingfan (Green Alum)
Also known as Lüfan, or Zaofan. The red variety is named Jiangfan.
Rongyan (Military Salt)
Also known as Qingyan.
Eguan (Goose Tube)
Is the same as Zhongru (Stalactite).
Meiyushui (Plum Rain Water)
Is the same as Meiyushui.
Yaoyushui (Medicinal Rain Water)
Is the same as Yeyushui.
Shangchishui (Upper Pool Water)
Also known as Bantianhe.
Jingshui (Well Water)
Freshly drawn well water at dawn is named Jinghuashui.
Ganquan (Sweet Spring)
Also known as Liquan.
Wentang (Warm Soup/Hot Spring)
Refers to Wenquan (hot springs). The hot spring in Mount Lu is a sulfur spring; the one in Mount Huangshan, Xin'an, is a cinnabar spring; the one at Mount Li in Chang'an is a stone spring. Hot springs also exist in areas where arsenic ore is produced.
Tujang (Earth Slurry)
Is the same as Dijiang. Dig a pit three feet deep in yellow earth, pour in freshly drawn water, stir until turbid, and after a short while, use the clarified supernatant.
Laoshui (Labor Water)
Also known as Ganlan Shui, or Yangxun Shui. Take two dou of flowing water, place it in a large basin, and scoop it up high repeatedly thousands of times until bubbling pearls chase each other on the surface, then collect it for use.
Taihe Tang (Harmony Decoction)
Is the same as Baifei Tang, also known as Mafei Tang.
Yinyang Shui (Yin-Yang Water)
A mixture of raw and hot water. It is prepared by mixing fresh cold well water with Baofei Tang (boiling water) evenly.