无毒
玉蜀黍主调中开胃○根叶主小便淋沥沙石痛不可忍煎汤频饮（本草纲目）【名】玉高粱
【地】
（李时珍曰）玉蜀黍种出西土种者亦罕【苗】苗高三四尺如秕麦状苗心别出一苞如棕鱼形苞
上
出白须垂垂久则苞折子出颗颗攒簇子亦大如稷子可KT 炒食之炒折白花如炒折糯谷之状
【时】
六七月开花成穗【质】如秕麦状其苗叶俱似蜀黍而肥矮亦似薏苡【味】甘【性】平
无毒
子主补中益气浓肠胃济饥（救荒本草）【名】龙爪粟 鸭爪粟（李时珍曰） 乃不粘
之称也又
不实之貌也龙爪鸭爪象其穗岐之形【地】（周宪王曰） 子生水田中及下湿地【苗】叶似稻
但
差短稍头结穗仿佛稗子穗其子如黍粒大茶褐色捣米煮粥炊饭磨面皆宜（李时珍曰） 子山东
河
南亦种苗如茭黍有三棱如水中 草之茎开细花簇簇结穗如粟穗而分数岐如鹰爪之状内有细子
有黍粒而细其稃甚薄其味粗涩【时】五月种之八九月抽茎【色】赤色【味】甘【性】涩
无毒
稗米主作饭食益气宜脾故曹植有芳菰精稗之称○苗根主金疮及伤损血出不已捣敷或研末
【名】（李时珍曰）稗乃禾之卑贱者也故字从卑【地】（李时珍曰）稗
茎叶穗粒并如黍稷一斗可
得
米三升故曰五谷不熟不如 稗 苗似稗
景曰）稗子亦可食又有乌禾生
野
中如稗荒年
黑者似KT
禾（周宪王曰）稗有水稗旱稗水稗生田中苗叶似 子色深绿根下叶带紫色稍头
黍粒茶褐色味微苦性温磨面
食
之皆宜【味】辛甘苦（颖曰）辛脆【性】微寒
无毒。
玉蜀黍（Zea mays）主要功效为调和脾胃、增进食欲。○其根和叶主要用于治疗小便淋漓不尽及沙石淋痛，疼痛剧烈难以忍受时，煎汤频繁饮用。（引自《本草纲目》）【名称】玉高粱。
【产地】
（李时珍说）玉蜀黍种子出自西方土地，种植的人也很稀少。【苗株】苗高三四尺，形状像秕麦。苗心另长出一个苞，形状像棕鱼，苞上长出白色的须，垂挂下来，时间久了苞会折断，籽粒长出，颗颗聚集在一起。籽粒也像稷子那么大，可以烤熟或炒熟食用。炒裂后露出白花，就像炒裂糯谷的样子。
【时节】
六七月开花结穗。【质地】形状像秕麦，其苗叶都像蜀黍但更肥壮矮小，也类似薏苡。【味道】甘。【性质】平。
无毒。
籽粒主要功效为补益中气、强健肠胃、充饥解饿。（引自《救荒本草》）【名称】龙爪粟、鸭爪粟。（李时珍说）这是不粘性的称呼，又是不结实的样子。龙爪、鸭爪是形容其穗分岐的形状。【产地】（周宪王说）种子生长在水田中以及低洼潮湿的地方。【苗株】叶子像稻子，只是稍短一些，梢头结穗，仿佛稗子的穗。其籽粒像黍粒那么大，呈茶褐色。捣米煮粥、做饭、磨面都适宜。（李时珍说）籽粒在山东、河南也有种植。种法像茭黍，有三棱，像水中的草茎一样，开细小的花，簇簇地结穗，像粟穗但分为多岐，像鹰爪的形状。里面有细小的籽粒，比黍粒细，稃壳很薄，味道粗涩。【时节】五月种植，八九月抽茎。【颜色】赤色。【味道】甘。【性质】涩。
无毒。
稗米主要用来做饭食用，能益气健脾，所以曹植有“芳菰精稗”的称誉。○其苗和根主要用于治疗金创及损伤出血不止，捣碎外敷或研成粉末使用。
【名称】（李时珍说）稗是禾类中卑贱的品种，所以字形从“卑”。【产地】（李时珍说）稗的茎、叶、穗、粒都像黍和稷，一斗谷物可得米三升，所以说“五谷不熟，不如二稗”。苗像稗。（景曰）稗子也可以吃，又有乌禾生长在野地里，像稗，荒年黑色的像烤熟的禾。（周宪王说）稗有水稗和旱稗两种。水稗生长在水中，苗叶像稻子，颜色深绿，根部叶片带紫色，梢头结黍粒状的籽，呈茶褐色，味道微苦，性质温，磨面食用都适宜。【味道】辛、甘、苦。（颖说）味辛且脆。【性质】微寒。
Non-toxic.
Zea mays (Yu Shu Shu) primarily regulates the middle jiao and stimulates appetite. ○ Its roots and leaves are mainly used to treat strangury with gravel, where pain is unbearable; decoct in water and drink frequently. (From *Bencao Gangmu*) [Name] Yu Gao Liang.
[Origin]
(Li Shizhen said) The seed of Zea mays originated from the western regions, and few people cultivate it. [Seedling] The seedlings are three or four chi high, resembling panicled wheat. A sheath emerges separately from the heart of the seedling, shaped like a brown fish. White threads hang down from the top of the sheath. After a long time, the sheath breaks, and grains emerge, clustered together. The grains are as large as Setaria italica seeds and can be roasted or fried for consumption. When cracked by frying, white flowers appear, similar to the appearance of cracked glutinous millet.
[Season]
Flowers and form ears in June and July. [Texture] Resembles panicled wheat; its seedlings and leaves are similar to Zea mays but fatter and shorter, also resembling Coicis Semen. [Taste] Sweet. [Nature] Neutral.
Non-toxic.
The seeds primarily tonify the middle qi, strengthen the intestines and stomach, and relieve hunger. (From *Jiu Huang Ben Cao*) [Name] Long Zhua Su, Ya Zhua Su. (Li Shizhen said) This refers to the non-glutinous variety, indicating a lack of fullness. "Dragon claw" and "duck claw" describe the branched shape of the ear. [Origin] (King Xian of Zhou said) The seeds grow in paddy fields and low-lying damp areas. [Seedling] Leaves resemble rice but are slightly shorter. The tips bear ears resembling those of Echinochloa crus-galli. The seeds are as large as Panicum miliaceum grains, tea-brown in color. They are suitable for pounding into rice for porridge, cooking rice, or grinding into flour. (Li Shizhen said) In Shandong and Henan, seeds are also planted. The cultivation method is similar to Zizania latifolia; the grain has three edges, resembling the stems of aquatic plants. It produces small flowers in clusters, forming ears like Panicum miliaceum but with multiple branches, resembling eagle claws. Inside are fine seeds, thinner than Panicum miliaceum grains, with very thin husks. The taste is coarse and astringent. [Season] Planted in May, shoots emerge in August and September. [Color] Reddish. [Taste] Sweet. [Nature] Astringent.
Non-toxic.
Echinochloa esculenta rice is mainly used for making meals; it benefits qi and strengthens the spleen, hence Cao Zhi's description of "fragrant colocasia and refined echinochloa." ○ Its seedlings and roots are mainly used to treat traumatic injuries and persistent bleeding from wounds; apply externally after crushing or grinding into powder.
[Name] (Li Shizhen said) Echinochloa is the humblest among grasses, hence the character contains "humble." [Origin] (Li Shizhen said) The stems, leaves, ears, and grains of Echinochloa resemble Panicum miliaceum and Setaria italica. From one dou of grain, three sheng of rice can be obtained; thus it is said, "If the five grains do not ripen, it is better to have two dou of Echinochloa." The seedlings resemble Echinochloa. (Jing said) Echinochloa seeds are edible. There is also black Echinochloa growing wild, resembling Echinochloa; in famine years, the black ones resemble roasted grain. (King Xian of Zhou said) There are aquatic and terrestrial varieties of Echinochloa. Aquatic Echinochloa grows in fields; its seedlings and leaves resemble rice, with deep green color. The lower leaves near the root are purplish. The tips bear Panicum miliaceum-like grains, tea-brown in color, with a slightly bitter taste and warm nature. Grinding into flour for consumption is suitable. [Taste] Pungent, sweet, bitter. (Ying said) Pungent and crisp. [Nature] Slightly cold.