无毒 化生
文蛤（出神农本经）主恶疮蚀五痔（以上朱字神农本经）咳逆胸痹腰痛胁急鼠 大孔出
血崩
中漏下（以上黑字名医所录）【地】〔图经曰〕生东海南海今登莱沧密诸州皆有之此有大小其
大者圆二三寸小者圆五六分壳表有紫斑文者非北海蛤久在泥沙风波中淘洗圆净而无文也因其
有文故名文蛤也【时】〔生〕无时〔采〕三月中旬取【用】壳有斑文者佳【色】紫白【味】
咸【性】平软【气】味浓于气阴也【臭】腥【主】坠痰止渴【制】 存性研末用【合治】烧
灰合腊月脂和涂之治急疳蚀口鼻数日尽欲死者
无毒 化生
魁蛤主痿痹泄痢便脓血（名医所录）【名】魁陆 瓦屋子 瓦垄子【地】〔图经曰〕生东
海南海今登莱沧密诸州皆有之其形正圆亦曰大腹槟榔两头有孔表有文者是也〔陶隐居云〕一
种形似纺 （音恁）小狭长外有纵横文耳【时】〔生〕无时〔采〕无时【用】壳正圆两头空
者
【
洗去土研细如粉用【治】〔疗〕〔食疗云〕润五脏服丹石人食之不生热毒疮肿
无毒 卵生
蠡（音礼）鱼（出神农本经）主湿痹面目浮肿下大水（以上朱字神农本经）疗五痔有疮
者不可
食令人瘢白（以上黑字名医所录）【名】鳢鲩 鳢 鳢 黑鳢鱼 鱼 文鱼 鲩 鳢
鱼
【地】〔图经曰〕生九江池泽今处处有之此鱼有舌鳞细而有花文故名文鱼与蛇通气其首载星
道家以谓头有星为厌夜则北响盖谓北方之鱼也陶隐居以为公蛎蛇所变至难死犹有蛇性尔雅谓
之鳢鲩郭璞云鳢 （音同）也诗小雅云鱼丽于 鲂鳢正义云诸本或作鳢 （音重）陆机谓鲩
即鳢
鱼也似鳢狭而浓今京东人犹呼 鱼者其实一类也据上所说则似今之黑鳢鱼者亦至难死形近蛇
类浙中人多食之然鳢鱼肝肠亦入药诸鱼胆皆苦惟此胆味甘可食为异也【时】〔生〕春夏〔采〕
无时【色】黑【味】甘【性】寒缓【气】气之薄者阳中之阴【臭】腥【主】下水去肿【制】
去鳞洗净煮食之【治】〔疗〕〔图经曰〕除湿痹下水及妇人妊娠安胎〔唐本注云〕肠及肝主久
败疮中虫○诸鱼灰并主哽噎〔日华子云〕肠以五味炙之贴痔 久而虫出即去之瘥〔孟诜
云〕鳢鱼下大小便壅塞气又作 食疗风气香港脚〔别录云〕腊月收胆阴干为末以少许点治急喉
闭逡巡不救者药至即瘥病深者则以水调灌之【合治】合小豆白煮疗肿满○以大者洗去泥开肚
合胡椒末半两切大蒜三两颗内鱼腹中缝合并和小豆一升煮熟时下萝卜三五颗如指大切葱一握
煮熟空腹服之并豆等强饱必尽食之至夜即泄气无限下一切恶气○合姜齑作 食之疗患肠痔每
大便常有血瘥忌冷毒物○以一头重一斤熟煮汁合冬瓜葱作羹食之疗十种水气病不瘥垂死者
无毒。化生类。
文蛤（出自《神农本草经》）。主治恶疮、腐蚀五痔，咳嗽气逆，胸痹，腰痛，胁肋拘急，鼠瘘，肛门出血，崩漏，带下漏血。（以上朱字部分为《神农本草经》原文；以下黑字部分为后世名医所录）【产地】《本草图经》记载：产于东海、南海，如今登州、莱州、沧州、密州等地都有出产。这种蛤有大有小，大的直径二三寸，小的直径五六分。壳表有紫色斑纹的称为“文蛤”，并非北海蛤。北海蛤长期在泥沙风波中淘洗，圆润洁净而没有花纹。因为具有花纹，所以名叫文蛤。【采收】生长无固定时节，三月中旬采集。【选用】壳上有斑纹者为佳。【颜色】紫白色。【味道】咸。【性质】平，质地软。【气味】气味浓厚，阴气重于阳气。【气味特征】腥。【主要功效】坠痰，止渴。【炮制】存性，研成粉末使用。【配伍治疗】烧成灰后与腊月猪脂混合涂抹，治疗急性的疳蚀口鼻重症，数日将死者。
无毒。化生类。
魁蛤。主治痿痹，泄痢，便脓血（后世名医所录）。【名称】魁陆、瓦屋子、瓦垄子。【产地】《本草图经》记载：产于东海、南海，如今登州、莱州、沧州、密州等地都有出产。其形状正圆，也叫做“大腹槟榔”，两头有孔，表面有花纹的就是它。陶隐居说：有一种形状像纺锤（音同“恁”），小而狭长，外面有纵横纹理的。【采收】生长无固定时节，随时可采。【选用】壳正圆且两头空的。【炮制】洗净泥土，研细如粉使用。【治疗】《食疗本草》云：滋润五脏，服用丹石类药物的人食用它，不会生热毒疮肿。
无毒。卵生类。
蠡鱼（音礼）（出自《神农本草经》）。主治湿痹，面目浮肿，水肿胀满（以上朱字部分为《神农本草经》原文）。治疗五痔，如有疮疡者不可食用，否则令人皮肤变白（以上黑字部分为后世名医所录）。【名称】鳢鲩、鳢、黑鳢鱼、文鱼、鲩鱼等。【产地】《本草图经》记载：产于九江池泽，如今各地都有。这种鱼有舌，鳞片细小且有花文，所以名叫文鱼。它与蛇相通气息，头部带有星状斑点。道家认为头有星是为了厌胜夜间邪气，所谓“北响”大概是指北方的鱼。陶隐居认为是公蛎蛇所变，极难死亡，仍保留蛇性。《尔雅》称之为鳢鲩。郭璞说鳢就是某种蛇类。《诗经·小雅》说：“鱼丽于罶，鲿鳢。”正义注说各版本有的作“鳢”（音重）。陆机说鲩即鳢鱼，似鳢但狭而厚。如今京东人仍称呼某种鱼为“鱓”鱼，其实是一类。根据上述说法，类似于现在的黑鳢鱼，也极难死亡，形态接近蛇类，浙江一带人多食用。然而鳢鱼的肝肠也入药，各种鱼胆皆苦，唯独此鱼胆味甘可食，这是它的特异之处。【采收】春夏生长，随时可采。【颜色】黑色。【味道】甘。【性质】寒，性缓。【气味】气薄，属于阳中之阴。【气味特征】腥。【主要功效】利水，消肿。【炮制】去鳞洗净，煮食。【治疗】《本草图经》记载：除湿痹，利水，以及妇人妊娠安胎。《唐本草注》云：肠及肝主治久败疮中的虫患。○ 各种鱼骨烧灰并主治噎膈。○ 日华子说：肠用五味炙烤后贴敷痔疮，久了虫子就会出来，去掉后病愈。○ 孟诜说：鳢鱼通大小便壅塞之气，又治风气、香港脚。○ 《别录》说：腊月收集胆汁，阴干为末，用少许点治急性喉闭，片刻间无法救治者，药到即愈。病深者用水调服灌下。【配伍治疗】合小豆白水煮，治疗肿满。○ 取大鱼洗净去泥，剖开肚腹，填入半两胡椒末，切两三颗大蒜放入鱼腹中缝合，并合小豆一升煮熟，时下三五颗指头粗切的萝卜，一把葱煮熟，空腹服下，连同豆类等全部吃饱，必须吃完，至夜晚即泻出无限气，排出一切恶气。○ 合姜齑做成羹食之，治疗患肠痔，每次大便常有血者，痊愈后忌食冷毒之物。○ 取一头重一斤的鱼熟煮汁，合冬瓜、葱做成羹食之，治疗十种水气病，不愈者垂死之人亦可救。
Non-toxic. Generated from transformation (Hua Sheng).
Wen Ge (Clam with patterns, *Meretrix meretrix*). [Source: *Shennong Bencao Jing*]. Mainly treats malignant sores, erosion of the five types of hemorrhoids, cough with counterflow qi, chest bi syndrome, lower back pain, hypochondriac stiffness, scrofula (Shu Liu), bleeding from the anus, metrorrhagia and metrostaxis, and leukorrhea with leakage. (The red text above is from *Shennong Bencao Jing*; the black text below is recorded by later famous physicians.) [Origin] *Bencao Tujing* states: Grows in the East Sea and South Sea; currently found in Dengzhou, Laizhou, Cangzhou, Mizhou, etc. These clams vary in size; large ones are two to three cun in diameter, small ones are five to six fen. Those with purple spots on the shell surface are called "Wen Ge" (Patterned Clam), distinct from the Beihai clam. The Beihai clam, washed clean by wind and waves in sand and mud for a long time, is round and smooth without patterns. Because it has patterns, it is named Wen Ge. [Harvest] Growth has no fixed season; collected in mid-March. [Selection] Those with spotted shells are preferred. [Color] Purple-white. [Taste] Salty. [Nature] Neutral, soft texture. [Qi/Flavor] Strong flavor, Yin Qi predominates over Yang Qi. [Odor] Fishy. [Main Actions] Descends phlegm, stops thirst. [Processing] Preserve nature, grind into powder for use. [Combined Treatment] Burn to ash, mix with lard from the twelfth lunar month, and apply topically to treat acute gan erosion of mouth and nose, fatal after several days.
Non-toxic. Generated from transformation (Hua Sheng).
Kui Ge (Cockle, *Anadara kagoshimensis*). Mainly treats flaccidity and numbness (Wei Bi), diarrhea and dysentery, pus and blood in stool. (Recorded by later famous physicians.) [Names] Kui Lu, Wa Wuzi, Wa Longzi. [Origin] *Bencao Tujing* states: Grows in the East Sea and South Sea; currently found in Dengzhou, Laizhou, Cangzhou, Mizhou, etc. Its shape is perfectly round, also called "Da Fu Bing Lang" (Big Belly Betel Nut), with holes at both ends and patterns on the surface. Tao Hongjing said: There is a type shaped like a spindle (sound similar to "ren"), small and narrow, with longitudinal and transverse patterns outside. [Harvest] Growth has no fixed season; harvest as needed. [Selection] Those with perfectly round shells and hollow at both ends. [Processing] Wash away soil, grind finely into powder for use. [Treatment] *Shiliao Bencao* says: Moistens the five Zang organs. People taking Dan Shi (mineral pills) can eat it without generating heat-toxin sores or swellings.
Non-toxic. Generated from eggs (Luan Sheng).
Li Yu (Snakehead fish, *Channa argus*) (Sound: Li). [Source: *Shennong Bencao Jing*]. Mainly treats damp-bi syndrome, edema of face and eyes, and severe water retention/edema. (Red text above is from *Shennong Bencao Jing*). Treats the five types of hemorrhoids; those with ulcers should not eat it, as it causes the skin to turn white. (Black text below is recorded by later famous physicians.) [Names] Li Huan, Li, Black Snakehead Fish, Wen Yu, Huan Yu, etc. [Origin] *Bencao Tujing* states: Grows in ponds and marshes of Jiujiang; currently found everywhere. This fish has a tongue, fine scales with floral patterns, hence named Wen Yu (Patterned Fish). It connects its breath with snakes; its head bears star-like spots. Daoists believe the star on the head is to ward off evil spirits at night; "North Xiang" likely refers to northern fish. Tao Hongjing considered it transformed from male oyster-snakes, extremely hard to kill, retaining snake nature. *Erya* calls it Li Huan. Guo Pu said Li is a type of snake. *Classic of Poetry · Xiao Ya* says: "Fish lie in the trap, Fang and Li." Zhengyi notes that some versions write "Li" (sound: Chong). Lu Ji said Huan is Li fish, similar to Li but narrower and thicker. People in Jingdong still call a certain fish "Shan" fish, which is actually the same category. Based on the above, it resembles the current black snakehead fish, also extremely hard to die, shape close to snakes; people in Zhejiang often eat it. However, the liver and intestines of Li fish are used in medicine; while gallbladders of all other fish are bitter, only this one's gallbladder is sweet and edible, which is unique. [Harvest] Grows in spring and summer; harvest as needed. [Color] Black. [Taste] Sweet. [Nature] Cold, slow-acting. [Qi/Flavor] Thin Qi, Yin within Yang. [Odor] Fishy. [Main Actions] Promotes urination, reduces swelling. [Processing] Remove scales, wash clean, boil and eat. [Treatment] *Bencao Tujing* states: Dispels damp-bi, promotes urination, and calms the fetus in pregnant women. *Tang Bencao Zhu* says: Intestines and liver mainly treat worms in chronic, non-healing sores. ○ Ash of various fish bones mainly treats dysphagia/choking. ○ Ri Huazi said: Intestines grilled with five flavors and applied to hemorrhoids will cause worms to exit after a long time; remove them, and the disease heals. ○ Meng Shen said: Li fish unblocks qi obstruction in large and small bowel movements; also treats wind-dampness and podagra (Hong Kong foot). ○ *Bielu* says: Collect gallbladder in the twelfth lunar month, dry in shade, grind to powder. Apply a small amount to treat acute throat closure (Ji Hou Bi); if untreatable within moments, the medicine arrives and heals. For deep diseases, mix with water and administer orally. [Combined Treatment] Boiled white with adzuki beans to treat swelling and fullness. ○ Take a large fish, wash away mud, open the belly, fill with half liang of pepper powder, add two or three cloves of garlic inside the belly, sew up, and cook together with one sheng of adzuki beans. Add three or five radishes cut finger-thick, and a handful of green onions when cooked. Eat on an empty stomach, consuming all beans etc., must finish eating. By night, infinite gas will be discharged, expelling all evil qi. ○ Make into soup with ginger relish to treat intestinal hemorrhoids where blood often appears during defecation; avoid cold and toxic foods after healing. ○ Cook a one-jin fish thoroughly, take the juice, make soup with winter melon and green onion to treat ten types of water-qì diseases; even those dying from it may be saved if previous treatments failed.