有小毒 卵生
蛤蚧主久肺劳传尸杀鬼物邪气疗咳嗽下淋沥通水道（名医所录）【地】〔图经曰〕生岭南
山谷及城墙或榕树间首若虾蟆背有细鳞如蚕子色黄为土长四五寸尾与身等形如大守宫一雄一
雌常自呼其名蛤蚧最护惜其尾或见人欲取之多自啮断其尾人即不取之凡采之者须存其尾则用
之力全在尾故也人欲得其首尾完者乃以长柄两股铁叉如粘 （丑知切）竿状伺于榕木间以叉
刺
之皆一股中脑一股着尾故不能啮也行常雌雄相随入药亦须两用之或云阳人用雌阴人用雄
【时】〔
咸【
雄者为蛤皮粗口大身小尾粗雌者为蚧口尖身大尾小凡修事服之去甲上尾上并腹上肉毛毒在眼
如斯修事了用酒浸才干以纸两重于火上缓隔焙纸炙待两重焦干透后去纸取蛤蚧于瓷器中盛于
东舍角畔悬一宿取用力可十倍勿伤尾效在尾也〔日华子云〕去头足洗去鳞鬣内不净以酥炙用
良【治】〔疗〕〔日华子云〕清肺气止嗽并通月经下石淋及治血〔海药云〕除肺痿上气咯血咳
嗽
屑次入胶分四服每服用河水三升于银石器中慢火煮至半升滤去滓临卧微温细细呷其滓候服尽
再捶都作一服以水三升煎半升如前服治久嗽不愈肺间积虚热久则成疮故嗽出脓血晓夕不止喉
中气塞胸膈噎痛
有毒
水蛭（出神农本经）主逐恶血瘀血月闭破血瘕积聚无子利水道（以上朱字神农本经）堕
胎（以上黑字名医所录）【名】 （音蜞） 至掌 马蟥 石蛭 草蛭 泥蛭【地】〔图经
曰〕生雷泽池泽今近处河中多有之此有数种生水中者名水蛭亦名马蟥生山中者名石蛭生草中
者名草蛭生泥中者名泥蛭并皆着人及牛马股胫间啮咂其血甚者入肉中产育为害甚大水蛭有长
尺者用之当以小者为佳古法有用水蛭啖疮者缓急所须亦不可得雀知悌令预收养之以备用此物
极难死如火炙经年得水犹可活也石蛭等并头尖腹粗不堪入药误用之则令人目中生烟不已渐致
枯损不可不辨也【时】〔生〕无时〔采〕五月六月取【收】曝干【用】水中小者为佳【色】
黄【味】咸苦【性】平微寒泄【气】味浓于气阴也【臭】腥【主】通经脉破血积【反】畏石
灰盐【制】〔图经曰〕采得当以 竹筒盛之待干又用米泔浸经宿然后出之曝已又用冬月猪脂
煎令黄乃堪用干蛭当展令长腹中有子者去之【治】〔疗〕〔药性论云〕主女子月候不通欲成血
劳症块并
当下畜血效【禁】妊娠不可服
【背景信息】
书名：本草品汇精要 作者：王好古 朝代：元 章节：鳞虫 / 裸虫 类别：本草
【蛤蚧】
具有小毒，卵生。
蛤蚧主治久治不愈的肺劳、传尸（指具有传染性的痨病）、杀鬼物邪气，治疗咳嗽、下焦淋沥不尽，通利水道。（此条目由名医记录）【产地】《图经》记载：产于岭南的山谷、城墙或榕树之间。头部像蟾蜍，背部有细鳞如蚕子般，颜色发黄。体长四五寸，尾巴与身体等长，形状像大守宫（壁虎的一种）。一雄一雌常互相呼唤其名。蛤蚧最爱惜它的尾巴，如果看见有人想捕捉它，大多会自断其尾，人因此就不再捉取它。凡是采集的人必须保留其尾巴，因为药效全在尾巴上。人们想要得到头尾完整的蛤蚧，就用长柄双股铁叉，形状像粘竿（丑知切），在榕木间伺机用叉刺它，总是一股刺中脑部，一股钩住尾巴，所以它不能咬人。行走时雌雄相随。入药也须两两用之。有人说阳人用雌的，阴人用雄的。【炮制】《时珍》记载：雄者称为“蛤”，皮粗、口大、身小、尾粗；雌者称为“蚧”，口尖、身大、尾小。凡是修整服用时，要去掉指甲、尾部上方以及腹部的肉毛，毒性在眼睛。如此修治后，用酒浸泡，晾干后用两层纸包裹，在火上缓慢隔纸焙干，待两层纸焦干透后去掉纸，将蛤蚧盛于瓷器中，放在房屋东南角悬挂一夜，取出使用，效力可十倍于前，不要损伤尾巴，药效就在尾巴上。《日华子》说：去掉头足，洗去鳞鬣内部不洁之物，用酥油炙烤使用为好。【主治】《日华子》说：清肺气，止咳嗽，并通月经，下石淋及治疗血证。《海药本草》说：除肺痿，治上气、咯血、咳嗽。将蛤蚧制成屑，次入胶分四次服用，每服用河水三升，在银石器中慢火煮至半升，滤去渣滓，临睡前微温细细呷服其渣滓，候服尽再捶打成一份，以水三升煎至半升，如前法服用。治疗久咳不愈，肺间积虚热，久则成疮，故咳出脓血，早晚不止，喉中气塞，胸膈噎痛。
【水蛭】
有毒。
水蛭（出自《神农本草经》）主治驱逐恶血、瘀血、月闭，破血瘕积聚，治疗无子，利水道。（以上朱字部分出自《神农本草经》，黑字部分出自《名医别录》）堕胎（以上黑字部分出自《名医别录》）。【名称】（音蜞）至掌、马蟥、石蛭、草蛭、泥蛭。【产地】《图经》记载：生于雷泽池泽，如今近处的河中多有之。这里有几种：生在水中的名叫水蛭，也叫马蟥；生在山中的名叫石蛭；生在草中的名叫草蛭；生在泥中的名叫泥蛭。都附着在人及牛马的大腿和小腿间，叮咬吸吮其血，严重的甚至钻入肉中产育，为害很大。水蛭有长达一尺的，使用时以小者为佳。古法有用活水蛭啖食疮口的，急需用时也不可多得。雀知悌命令预先收养以备不时之需。此物极难死，如火烤经年得水犹可活。石蛭等头尖腹粗，不堪入药，误用则令人眼中冒烟不止，逐渐导致枯损，不可不辨别。【采收】随时可生，五月六月采取。【收藏】晒干。【用法】水中的小者为佳。【色泽】黄色。【味道】咸、苦。【性味】平，微寒，泄。气味浓于气，属阴。【气味】腥。【功效】通经脉，破血积。【反畏】畏石灰、盐。【炮制】《图经》记载：采集时应当用竹筒盛放，待干后又用米泔水浸泡过夜然后取出，晒干后又用冬月猪脂煎令黄乃可用。干蛭应当展长，腹中有子的去掉。【主治】《药性论》说：主治女子月经不通欲成的血劳症块，并当下蓄血有效。【禁忌】妊娠不可服。
[Background Information]
Book: Bencao Huihui Jingyao (Essentials of Materia Medica)
Author: Wang Haogu
Dynasty: Yuan
Chapter: Scales Insects / Naked Insects
Category: Materia Medica
[Gecko / Gekko gecko]
Possesses slight toxicity; oviparous.
Gekko gecko (Gecko) treats chronic lung consumption, infectious tuberculosis (transmission corpse), expels evil spirits and pathogens, treats cough, lower jiao strangury with dribbling, and promotes water passages (Recorded by Famous Physicians). [Origin] "Tujing" states: Grows in valleys, on city walls, or among banyan trees in Lingnan. The head resembles a toad, the back has fine scales like silkworm eggs, yellowish in color. Body length four to five cun, tail equal to body length, shape resembling a large gecko (shou gong). A male and female often call out their names. Geckos most cherish their tails; if they see humans attempting to catch them, they often sever their own tails, so humans then do not take them. Those who collect must preserve the tail, as the medicinal efficacy lies entirely in the tail. To obtain specimens with intact heads and tails, people use a long-handled two-pronged iron fork, shaped like a sticky pole (pronounced 'chou zhi qie'), waiting among banyan trees to stab with the fork. One prong hits the brain, the other hooks the tail, thus preventing biting. They walk with males and females following each other. For medicinal use, both are required together. Some say yang persons use females, yin persons use males. [Processing] "Shizhen" records: Males are called "Ha", with rough skin, large mouth, small body, thick tail; females are called "Jie", with pointed mouth, large body, small tail. When preparing for administration, remove nails, flesh above the tail, and abdominal hair; toxicity resides in the eyes. After such processing, soak in wine, dry, wrap in two layers of paper, and slowly bake over fire隔着 (隔) paper until the paper is scorched and dry. Remove paper, place gecko in porcelain vessel, hang at the southeast corner of the house overnight, then use; efficacy increases tenfold. Do not damage the tail, as efficacy is in the tail. "Ri Hua Zi" says: Remove head and feet, wash away scales and bristles inside, roast with su (animal fat) for best results. [Therapeutic Actions] "Ri Hua Zi" says: Clears lung qi, stops cough, regulates menstruation, passes kidney stones (shi lin), and treats blood disorders. "Hai Yao" says: Removes lung萎 (fei wei), treats upper qi rebellion, hemoptysis, and cough. Grind gecko into powder, mix with gelatin, divide into four doses. Each dose uses three sheng of river water, slow-boil in silver or earthenware vessel to half a sheng, filter dregs. Take warm while lying down, sip slowly including dregs. After finishing, pound remaining material into one dose, boil with three sheng water to half a sheng, administer as before. Treats chronic cough unrelieved, accumulation of deficiency heat in lungs, forming ulcers over time, causing expectoration of pus and blood, day and night without cessation, throat Qi obstruction, chest and diaphragm choking pain.
[Leech]
Toxic.
Hirudo (from Shennong Ben Cao Jing) treats expulsion of bad blood, blood stasis, amenorrhea, breaking blood masses and accumulations, treating infertility, promoting water passages (Zhu characters from Shennong Ben Cao Jing; black characters from Mingyi Bielu). Abortion (black characters from Mingyi Bielu). [Names] (Pronounced 'qi') Zhi Zhang, Ma Huang, Shi Zhi, Cao Zhi, Ni Zhi. [Origin] "Tujing" states: Grows in Leize ponds and marshes; now common in nearby rivers. There are several types: those living in water are named Water Leech (Shui Zhi), also called Horse Leech (Ma Huang); those in mountains are Stone Leech (Shi Zhi); those in grass are Grass Leech (Cao Zhi); those in mud are Mud Leech (Ni Zhi). All attach to human legs and calves, or cattle and horses' thighs and shins, biting and sucking blood. Severe cases penetrate flesh to reproduce, causing great harm. Water leeches can be up to one chi long; smaller ones are preferred for use. Ancient methods used live leeches to feed on sores; urgent needs make them hard to obtain. Que Zhit ordered pre-collection for reserve. This creature is extremely hard to kill; even after year-long roasting, it revives upon contact with water. Stone leeches etc., have pointed heads and thick bellies, unsuitable for medicine. Misuse causes continuous smoke sensation in eyes, gradually leading to withering and damage; differentiation is essential. [Harvest] Available anytime; collected in May and June. [Storage] Sun-dried. [Usage] Small water-dwelling ones are best. [Color] Yellow. [Flavor] Salty, bitter. [Nature] Neutral, slightly cold, draining. Aroma/flavor stronger than Qi, Yin nature. [Odor] Fishy. [Functions] Unblocks meridians, breaks blood accumulations. [Incompatibilities] Feared by lime and salt. [Processing] "Tujing" states: Collect and store in bamboo tubes until dry, then soak in rice washing water overnight, remove, sun-dry again, then fry in winter pig lard until yellow before use. Dry leeches should be stretched out; discard those with eggs in abdomen. [Therapeutic Actions] "Yao Xing Lun" states: Treats women's menstrual obstruction leading to blood consumption mass formation, and effectively expels retained blood. [Contraindications] Not for pregnant women.