\r卫矛\ph347.bmp\r，鬼箭也。出霍山山谷，今江淮州郡或有之。三月以后生茎苗，
长四、五尺许；其于有
三羽，状如箭翎；叶亦似山茶，青色；八月、十一月、十二月采条茎，阴干。其木亦名狗骨
。崔氏方疗恶疰在心，痛不可忍，有鬼箭羽汤。《集验方》∶疗卒暴心痛，或中恶气毒痛，
大黄汤亦用鬼箭，皆大方也。
\r紫葳\ph348.bmp\r，陵霄花也。生西海川谷及山阳，今处处皆有，多生山中，人家
园圃亦或种莳。初作
藤蔓生，依大木，岁久延引至巅而有花；其花黄赤，夏中乃盛。陶隐居云∶《诗》有苕之华
。郭云∶陵霄。又苏恭引《尔雅·释草》云∶苕，陵苕。郭云∶又名陵霄，按今《尔雅》注
苕，一名陵时。本草云∶而无陵霄之说，岂古今所传书有异同邪？
又据陆机及孔颖达疏义亦云∶苕，一名陵时，陵时乃是鼠尾草之别名。郭又谓苕为陵时，本
草云∶今紫葳无陵时之名，而鼠尾草有之。乃知陶苏所引，是以陵时作陵霄耳。又陵霄非是
草类，益可明其误矣。今医家多采其花干之。入妇人血崩风毒药，又治少女血热风毒，四肢
皮肤生瘾疹，并行经脉方。陵霄花不以多少，捣罗为散，每服二钱，温酒调下，食前服，甚
效。
\r芜荑\ph349.bmp\r，生晋山川谷，今近道山川谷，今近道亦有之，大抵榆类而差小，
其实亦早成，比榆乃
大，气臭如 ，《尔雅·释木》云∶无姑，其实夷。郭璞云∶无姑，姑榆也，生山中，叶圆
而
浓，剥取皮，合渍之。其味辛香，所谓芜荑也。又《释草》云∶ 荑， 。注云∶一名白
蒉，而与《本经》一名 （音殿） （音唐）相近。苏恭云∶ ， 。字之误也。然
荑草
类，无荑乃木也。明是二物，或气类之相近欤。三月采实，阴干。杀虫方中多用之。今人
又
多取作屑，以 五味，其用陈者良。人收藏之，多以盐渍，则失气味。此等不堪入药，但可
作食品耳。秋后尤宜食之。《续传信方》治久患脾胃气泄不止，芜荑五两，捣末，以饭丸
，每日空心午饭前，各用陈米饮下三十丸，增至四十丸。久服去三尸，益神，驻颜。云得之
章镣曾得力。
卫矛，又名鬼箭。产于霍山的山谷中，如今江淮地区的州郡也有生长。三月以后长出茎叶，长约四五尺；其枝条上有三片羽毛状的突起，形状像箭的翎毛；叶子也像山茶花，呈青色；八月、十一月、十二月采集枝条和茎干，阴干保存。这种木材也名叫狗骨。崔氏的方子治疗恶疰病在心胸部位，疼痛难以忍受，使用了鬼箭羽汤。《集验方》记载：治疗突然发作的心痛，或者中了恶气毒邪引起的剧痛，大黄汤中也使用鬼箭，这些都是大方的用法。
紫葳，即凌霄花。生长在西部海边的川谷以及山南向阳处，如今到处都有，多生长在山中，人家花园苗圃里有时也会种植。起初作为藤蔓生长，依附在大树上，年代久了蔓延到树顶并开花；花朵黄红色，夏季盛开。陶隐居说：《诗经》中有“苕之华”。郭璞注解说：这是凌霄。另外苏恭引用《尔雅·释草》说：苕，就是陵苕。郭璞注解说：又名叫凌霄，但查看现在的《尔雅》注释苕，名字叫陵时。本草书中没有提到凌霄的说法，难道是因为古今流传的书本有差异吗？又根据陆机和孔颖达的疏义也说：苕，一名陵时，陵时其实是鼠尾草的别名。郭璞又说苕是陵时，本草书说：如今的紫葳没有陵时的名字，而鼠尾草有这个名称。由此可知陶弘景和苏恭所引用的，是把陵时误作凌霄了。况且凌霄不是草本植物，更可以证明这是错误了。如今医家多采集它的花晒干。用于妇人血崩风毒药的配方中，也治疗少女血热风毒，四肢皮肤生瘾疹，都在行经脉的方剂中使用。凌霄花不论多少，捣碎过筛成散剂，每次服用二钱，用温酒调服，饭前服用，效果很好。
芜荑，生长在晋地的山川谷地，如今邻近道路的山川谷地也有，大体上是榆树一类但稍小，它的果实也成熟较早，比榆果要大，气味臭如……（原文此处可能有缺字或异体字，指类似腐臭气味），《尔雅·释木》说：无姑，它的果实夷平。郭璞注解说：无姑，就是姑榆，生长在山中，叶子圆而浓密，剥取树皮，混合浸泡。它的味道辛香，所说的芜荑就是这种。另外《释草》篇说：……荑，……。注解说：一名白蒉，与《本经》中的一名（音殿）（音唐）相近。苏恭说：……是字的误写。然而……荑是草类，而无荑是树木。明显是两种东西，或许是气味类别相近吧。三月采集果实，阴干。杀虫方中多用它。如今人们又多把它取来做成屑，用来调味，陈年的效果好。人们收藏它，多用盐渍，这样就失去了气味。这些不堪入药，只能作为食品罢了。秋后尤其适宜食用。《续传信方》治疗长期患脾胃气泄不止，用芜荑五两，捣成末，用米饭做丸，每天空腹午饭前，各用陈米饮送下三十丸，增加到四十丸。长期服用可去除三尸虫，有益精神，驻留容颜。据说从章镣那里得到此法很得力。
Weimao (Euonymus alatus), also known as Guijian (Ghost Arrow). It grows in the valleys of Mount Huo, and is now found in some prefectures and commanderies of the Jianghuai region. After March, stems and seedlings emerge, growing to a length of approximately four or five chi; its branches have three feather-like protrusions, resembling arrow feathers; the leaves resemble those of Camellia, appearing green; the twigs and stems are harvested in August, November, and December, and dried in the shade. The wood is also called Gougou (Dog Bone). Cui's prescriptions treat Ezhu (Malignant Transmission) located in the heart/chest, characterized by unbearable pain, using the Guijianyu Tang (Cinnamon Twig and Euonymus Decoction). The *Jiyan Fang* (Collected Effective Prescriptions) records: treating sudden severe heart pain, or acute pain caused by evil qi toxicity, Da Huang Tang (Rhubarb Decoction) also uses Guijian, both being major formulas.
Ziwei (Bignonia capensis), also known as Lingxiao Hua (Trumpet Vine Flower). It grows in the river valleys near the western seas and on the sunny slopes of mountains; it is now ubiquitous, mostly growing in mountains, and sometimes cultivated in household gardens. Initially growing as vines, it climbs large trees, and after many years extends to the treetops to flower; the flowers are yellowish-red, blooming abundantly in summer. Tao Hongjing states: "The *Classic of Poetry* mentions 'Tiao Zhi Hua'." Guo Pu annotates: "This is Lingxiao." Additionally, Su Gong cites the *Erya · Shi Cao* saying: "Tiao is Lingtiao." Guo Pu annotates: "Also named Lingxiao." However, consulting current annotations of the *Erya*, Tiao is named Lingshi. The *Bencao* (Materia Medica) does not mention Lingxiao; could it be that ancient and modern transmitted texts differ? Furthermore, according to the commentaries of Lu Ji and Kong Yingda: "Tiao, also named Lingshi," where Lingshi is actually an alias for Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen/Sage). Guo further states Tiao is Lingshi, but the *Bencao* notes that current Ziwei lacks the name Lingshi, whereas Salvia miltiorrhiza has it. Thus, it is known that Tao and Su misidentified Lingshi as Lingxiao. Moreover, since Lingxiao is not a herbaceous plant, this error is further clarified. Currently, medical practitioners often harvest and dry its flowers. It is used in formulas for women's metrorrhagia due to wind-toxin, and treats young girls' blood-heat wind-toxin, causing urticaria on the skin of the four limbs, within meridians-regulating formulas. Lingxiao Hua, regardless of quantity, is crushed and sifted into powder; two qian are taken each time, mixed with warm wine, administered before meals, yielding excellent results.
Wuyi (Celtis sinensis fruit), grows in the mountain valleys of Jin. It is now also found in valleys near main roads. Generally similar to Ulmus (Elm) but smaller; its fruits mature early and are larger than elm seeds. Its odor is foul... (*Note: Original text contains missing/obscure characters here*). The *Erya · Shi Mu* states: "Wugu, its fruit is flat." Guo Pu annotates: "Wugu is Guyu, growing in mountains, with round, dense leaves; the bark is peeled and soaked." Its taste is pungent and fragrant, which is what is referred to as Wuyi. Additionally, the *Shi Cao* chapter states: "...Ti...", annotated as: "Also named Bai Kui," which is similar to one of the aliases in the *Shennong Bencao Jing* (pronounced Dian/Tang). Su Gong states: "... is a character error." However, ...Ti is a grass type, while Wu Ti is a tree. They are clearly two different substances, perhaps merely similar in odor category. The fruits are harvested in March and dried in the shade. It is frequently used in insecticidal formulas. Nowadays, people often crush it into flakes for seasoning; aged material is superior. People store it, often pickling it with salt, which causes loss of aroma. Such material is unsuitable for medicinal use and can only serve as food. It is especially suitable for consumption after autumn. The *Xu Chuanxin Fang* treats chronic spleen-stomach qi leakage/diarrhea unceasingly: using five liang of Wuyi, pounded into powder, made into pills with rice. Each day, before noon meal on an empty stomach, thirty pills are taken with aged rice water, increased to forty pills. Long-term consumption removes the Three Corpses (San Shi), benefits the spirit, and preserves youthfulness. It is said that Zhang Liao derived great benefit from this method.