\r栀子\ph343.bmp\r，生南阳川谷，今南方及西蜀州郡皆有之。木高七、八尺；叶似
李而浓硬，又似樗蒲子
；二、三月生白花，花皆六出，甚芬香，俗说及西域詹匐也；夏秋结实如诃子状，生青熟黄
，中仁深红。九月采实，曝干。南方人竞种以售利。《货殖传》云∶卮、茜千石，亦比千乘
之家。言获利之博也。此亦有两三种。入药者山栀子，方书所谓越桃也，皮薄而圆，小核，
房七棱至九棱者佳。其大而长者，乃作染色，又谓之伏尸栀子，不堪入药用。张仲景《伤寒
论》及古今诸名医治发黄，皆用栀子、茵陈、香豉、甘草等四物作汤饮。又治大病起劳复，
皆用栀子鼠矢等汤，并小利而愈。其方极多，不可悉载。栀子亦疗血痢挟毒热下者。葛洪方
以十四枚去皮，捣，蜜丸，服如梧子三丸，日三，大效。又治霍乱转筋，烧栀子三枚，末服
，立愈。时行重病后劳发，水煮十枚，饮汁温卧，彻汗乃愈，挟食加大黄别煮汁，临熟内之
，合饮微利，遂瘥。
\r槟榔\ph344.bmp\r，生南海，今岭外州郡皆有之。大如桄榔，而高五、七丈，正直
无枝，皮似青桐，节如
桂竹；叶生木巅，大如 头，又似甘蕉叶；其实作房，从叶中出，旁有刺若棘针，重叠其下
；一房数百实，如鸡子状，皆有皮壳，肉满壳中，正白。味苦、涩，得扶留藤与瓦屋子灰同
咀
嚼之，则柔滑而甘美。岭南人啖之，以当果实。其俗云∶南方地温，不食此无以祛瘴 。其
实春生，至夏乃熟，然其肉极易烂，欲收之，皆先以灰汁煮熟，仍火焙熏干，始堪停久。此
有三、四种∶有小而味甘者，名山槟榔；有大而味涩核亦大者，名猪槟榔；最小者名 子。
其功用不说有别。又云尖长而有紫纹者名槟，圆而矮者名榔。槟力小，榔力大。今医家不复
细分，但取作鸡心状，存坐正稳，心不虚，破之作锦纹者为佳。其大腹所出，与槟榔相似，
但茎、叶、根、干小异，并皮收之，谓之大腹槟榔。或云槟榔极难得真者，今贾人货者多
大腹也。
栀子，生长在南阳的山谷中，如今南方和西蜀的各州郡都有种植。植株高七八尺；叶子像李树叶那样浓密坚硬，又类似樗蒲子的叶子；二、三月开出白花，花朵都是六瓣，非常芬芳，民间传说及西域所说的詹匐就是它；夏秋季节结出果实，形状像诃子，生时青色，熟时黄色，中间的仁呈深红色。九月采集果实，晒干。南方人竞相种植以谋取利润。《货殖传》中说：“拥有千石卮草和茜草，其财富可比拥有一千辆兵车的封地。”说的是获利丰厚。这种植物也有两三种。入药使用的是山栀子，也就是医方书中所谓的“越桃”，果皮薄而圆，籽核小，分为七棱至九棱的为佳。那些大而长的，则是用来作染料，又被称为“伏尸栀子”，不适合入药使用。张仲景的《伤寒论》以及古今各位名医治疗黄疸病，都使用栀子、茵陈、香豉、甘草这四味药煎汤服用。又用于治疗大病初愈后因劳累复发的病症，都使用栀子鼠矢等汤剂，服药后小便通利即可痊愈。相关的方剂极多，无法全部记载。栀子也能治疗伴有毒热的血痢。葛洪的方子用十四枚去皮捣碎，加蜂蜜制成梧桐子大小的丸药，每次服三丸，每日三次，效果显著。又用于治疗霍乱引起的转筋（肌肉痉挛），将三枚栀子烧成灰研末服用，立即痊愈。流行性重病后劳累复发，用水煮十枚栀子，温服汁液并卧床发汗，直到全身出汗才痊愈；如果兼有食积，加大黄单独煎汁，在即将煮熟时加入，混合饮用使大便微利，随即痊愈。
槟榔，生长在南海地区，如今岭南各州郡都有。树干大如桄榔树，高达五、七丈，笔直无枝，树皮像青桐，节段像桂竹；叶子生在树梢，大如车盖，又像甘蕉叶；果实成房状，从叶丛中长出，旁边有刺像棘针一样，层层重叠在下部；一个果房有数百个果实，像鸡蛋形状，都有皮壳，果肉充满壳中，颜色正白。味道苦、涩，与扶留藤和瓦屋子灰一起咀嚼，就变得柔滑而甘美。岭南人食用它，把它当作水果。当地风俗说：南方地势温暖，不吃这个无法祛除瘴气。它的果实春天生长，到夏天才成熟，然而果肉极易腐烂，想要收藏，都必须先用灰汁煮熟，再用火焙熏干燥，才能存放长久。这里有三、四种：有小而味甘的，名叫山槟榔；有大而味涩且核也大的，名叫猪槟榔；最小的一种名叫蒟子。它们的功用没有区别。又说尖长而有紫纹的叫做“槟”，圆而矮的叫做“榔”。槟的力量小，榔的力量大。现在的医生不再细分，只选取形状像鸡心、坐落端正、中心不空虚、剖开后呈现锦纹的为佳。大腹所产出的，与槟榔相似，只是茎、叶、根、干略有不同，一并收取树皮，称为大腹槟榔。有人说槟榔很难得到真品，现在商人贩卖的多是大腹槟榔。
Zhi Zi (Gardeniae Fructus), originally growing in the valleys of Nanyang, is now cultivated in various commanderies in the South and Western Shu regions. The shrub grows seven to eight chi high; the leaves are dense and hard, resembling those of the plum tree or the betel nut palm (Chukrasia tabularis); in the second and third lunar months, it produces white flowers with six petals each, which are highly fragrant, known in folk legends and from the Western Regions as Zhan Fu (likely referring to a type of jasmine or gardenia). In summer and autumn, it bears fruit resembling Che Zi (Terminalia chebula), green when raw and yellow when ripe, with deep red kernels inside. The fruits are harvested in the ninth lunar month and dried in the sun. People in the southern regions compete to cultivate it for profit. The "Biography of Merchants" states: "A thousand dan of Zhi (Gardenia) and Qian (Rubia cordifolia) is equivalent to the wealth of a noble house with a thousand chariots," indicating substantial profits. There are two or three varieties. For medicinal use, Shan Zhi Zi (Mountain Gardenia), also called Yue Tao in medical texts, is preferred; those with thin skins, round shape, small seeds, and seven to nine ridges are considered superior. Those that are large and long are used for dyeing and are called Fu Shi Zhi Zi, which are unsuitable for medicinal purposes. Zhang Zhongjing's *Shang Han Lun* (Treatise on Cold Pathogenic Diseases) and various ancient and contemporary physicians treat Huang Dan Bing (jaundice) using a decoction of Zhi Zi, Yin Chen (Artemisiae Scopariae Herba), Xiang Chi (Fermented Soybean), and Gan Cao (Licorice Root). It is also used to treat Lao Fu (relapse due to overexertion after serious illness), employing decoctions such as Zhi Zi Shu Shi Tang, resulting in recovery through mild diuresis. There are numerous formulas, which cannot be listed here. Zhi Zi also treats blood dysentery complicated by toxic heat. Ge Hong's formula uses fourteen peeled fruits, pounded into powder, mixed with honey to make pills the size of wu zi (Chinese quince seeds); take three pills three times daily, yielding excellent results. To treat Huo Luan zhuan jin (cholera with muscle spasms), burn three Zhi Zi, grind into powder, and take orally for immediate relief. For relapse due to exertion after severe epidemic disease, boil ten fruits in water, drink the warm juice, and lie down to induce sweating until the whole body sweats, then recover. If complicated by food stagnation, add Da Huang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma), decoct separately, mix with the Zhi Zi juice near the end of cooking, and drink to induce mild bowel movement, leading to cure.
Bing Lang (Areca Seed), native to the Nanhai region, is now found in all commanderies beyond the Lingnan mountains. The trunk is as thick as Dangling Palm (Arenga pinnata) but grows five to seven zhang high, straight without branches, with bark similar to Qing Tong (Firmiana simplex) and nodes like Gui Zhu (Cinnamomum cassia bamboo); leaves grow at the top of the tree, large as a carriage canopy, resembling sweet banana leaves; the fruit grows in clusters emerging from among the leaves, surrounded by spines like thorns, layered underneath; one cluster contains hundreds of fruits, egg-shaped, with shells, filled with pure white flesh. The taste is bitter and astringent; when chewed together with Fuliu Teng (Piper kadsura vine) and Wa Wuzi Hui (ash from specific plants), it becomes soft, smooth, and sweet. People in Lingnan consume it as a fruit. Local custom holds: "The land in the south is warm; without eating this, one cannot dispel miasma." The fruit grows in spring and ripens in summer, but the flesh rots easily. To preserve it, it must first be boiled in alkaline ash water, then smoked and dried over fire to ensure long-term storage. There are three or four varieties: small ones with sweet taste are called Shan Bing Lang (Mountain Areca); large ones with astringent taste and big seeds are called Zhu Bing Lang (Pig Areca); the smallest is called Ju Zi. Their medicinal functions are said to be identical. Another classification states that pointed, elongated ones with purple stripes are called "Bing," while round and short ones are called "Lang." Bing has weaker potency, while Lang is stronger. Modern physicians no longer distinguish strictly, preferring those shaped like chicken hearts, stable when placed upright, hollow-free, and displaying a brocade-like pattern when broken. The product from Dafu resembles Bing Lang but differs slightly in stem, leaves, roots, and trunk; the bark is collected together and called Dafu Bing Lang (Areca Catechu Bark). Some claim true Bing Lang is rare, and merchants mostly sell Dafu Bing Lang.