由跋，文具半夏条下。
\r虎掌\ph247.bmp\r，生汉中山谷及冤句，今河北州郡亦有之。初生根如豆大，渐长
大，似半夏而扁，累年
者其根圆及寸，大者如鸡卵。周匝生圆芽二、三枚或五、六枚；三月、四月生苗，高尺余；
独茎上有叶如爪，五、六出分布，尖而圆；一窠生七、八茎，时出一茎作穗，直上如鼠尾；
中生一叶如匙，裹茎作房，旁开一口，上下尖，中有花，微青褐色；结实如麻子大，熟即白
色，自落布地，一子生一窠。九月苗残取根，以汤入器中，渍三、七日，汤冷乃易，日换三
、四遍，洗去涎，曝干用之。或再火炮。今冀州人菜园中种之，亦呼为天南星。江州有一种
草，叶大如掌，面青背紫，四畔有芽如虎掌，生三、五叶为一本，冬青。治心痛寒热积气。
不结花实，与此名同，故附见之。
\r莨菪子\ph248.bmp\r，生海滨川谷及雍州，今处处有之。苗茎高二、三尺许，叶似
地黄、王不留行、红蓝
等而三指阔；四月开花，紫色；苗、荚、茎有白毛；五月结实，有壳作罂子，状如小石榴，
房中子至细，青白色，如米粒，一名天仙子。五月采子，阴干。谨按《本经》云∶莨菪性寒
，后人多云大热，而《史记》淳于意传云∶淄川王美人怀子而不乳，意饮以浪荡药一撮，以
酒饮之，旋乳。且不乳岂热药所治。又古方主卒癫狂，亦多单用莨菪，不知果性寒邪？《小
品》载治癫狂方云∶取莨菪三升，作末，酒一升，渍数日出，捣之，以向汁和绞，去滓，汤
上煎，令可丸，服如小豆三丸，日三。当觉口面急，头中有虫行，额及手足有赤色处，如此
并是瘥候。未知再服，取尽，神良。又《箧中方》主肠风，莨菪煎。取莨菪实一升治之，曝
干，捣筛，生姜半斤，取汁，二物相合银锅中，更以无灰酒二升，投之，上火煎令如稠饧，
即旋投酒，度用酒可及五升以来，即止煎，令可丸，大如梧子。每旦酒饮通下三丸，增至五
、七丸止。若丸时粘手，则菟丝粉衬隔煎熬，切戒火紧，则药易焦而失力矣。初服微热，勿
怪。疾甚者，服过三日，当下利，疾去，利亦止，绝有效。
由跋，在“半夏”条目下已有详细记载。
虎掌，生长在汉中山谷及冤句（今山东菏泽一带），现在河北各州郡也有出产。刚长出的根像豆子那么大，逐渐长大，形状类似半夏但更扁平，生长多年的其根部圆形且直径达一寸，大的如鸡蛋。周围生出圆形芽二、三枚或五、六枚；三月、四月长出苗，高一尺多；茎上长着像爪子一样的叶子，五、六片分布，尖端圆润；一丛生七、八茎，时常有一茎抽出穗状花序，直立向上如鼠尾；中间长出一片像勺子一样的叶子，包裹着茎形成房室，旁边开一个口，上下尖，里面有花，颜色微青褐色；结的果实像麻子大，成熟时是白色，自然脱落铺在地上，一颗种子能长成一丛。九月苗枯萎后挖取根部，用热水放入容器中，浸泡三、七天，水凉了就换水，每天换三四遍，洗去粘液，晒干使用。或者再用火炮制。现在冀州人在菜园中种植它，也称之为天南星。江州有一种草，叶子大如手掌，正面青色背面紫色，四周有芽像虎掌，生三、五片叶为一株，冬季常青。治疗心痛、寒热积聚之气。不结花实，因为名字相同，所以附在这里记载。
莨菪子，生长在沿海河谷及雍州，现在到处都有。苗茎高二三尺左右，叶子像地黄、王不留行、红蓝等植物那样宽约三指；四月开花，紫色；苗、荚、茎上有白毛；五月结实，有壳做成罂子状，形状像小石榴，房中的种子极细，青白色，像米粒，一名天仙子。五月采集种子，阴干。谨按《神农本草经》说：莨菪性寒，后人多说其性大热，而《史记·淳于意传》中说：淄川王的妃子怀孕后不能哺乳，淳于意给她服用浪荡药（即莨菪）一撮，用酒送服，随即就能哺乳了。况且不能哺乳难道是用热药治疗的吗？另外古方主治突然发作的癫狂病，也多单用莨菪，不知果真是性寒的吗？《小品方》记载治疗癫狂的方子说：取莨菪三升，研成末，用酒一升，浸泡几天后取出，捣碎，用刚才的汁液调和绞汁，去掉渣滓，在汤锅上煎煮，使其可以制成丸剂，每次服如小豆大小的三丸，每天三次。应当感觉到口面部紧绷，头部感觉有虫爬行，额头及手足出现红色斑点，这些都是痊愈的征兆。不知道再服用，直到服完，是否效果神奇。又《箧中方》主治肠风，用莨菪煎。取莨菪实一升处理，晒干，捣碎过筛，生姜半斤，取汁，两物混合在银锅中，再加入无灰酒二升，投入其中，上火煎煮至像稠糖浆一样，就随时添加酒，估计用到酒可达五升左右，就停止煎煮，使其可以制成丸剂，大小如梧桐子。每天早晨用酒送服通下三丸，增加到五、七丸为止。如果制作丸剂时粘手，就用菟丝粉衬垫隔开煎熬，切记火候不要太紧，否则药物容易焦糊而失去药效。初服时轻微发热，不要奇怪。病情严重的，服用超过三天，应当腹泻，病去，腹泻也会停止，确实非常有效。
Youba (Siphonostegia chinensis) is described in detail under the entry for Banxia (Pinellia Rhizome).
Huzhang (Arisaema consanguineum), grows in the valleys of Hanzhong and Yuanju (present-day Heze, Shandong), and is also found in various prefectures of Hebei today. The newly formed root is as large as a bean, gradually enlarging; it resembles Banxia but is flatter. Roots that have grown for several years are round and about one cun in diameter, with larger ones resembling chicken eggs. Two to three or five to six round buds grow around the periphery. In March and April, shoots emerge, growing over one chi tall. Leaves on the single stem resemble claws, distributed in fives or sixes, with pointed and rounded tips. A cluster produces seven or eight stems, occasionally sending up one stem bearing a spike inflorescence, straight upward like a rat's tail. A leaf shaped like a spoon grows in the middle, enclosing the stem to form a spathe-like chamber with an opening on the side, pointed at both ends, containing flowers that are slightly greenish-brown. The fruit is as large as hemp seeds, turning white when ripe, falling naturally to the ground; each seed can generate a new cluster. In September, after the foliage withers, the roots are harvested. They are soaked in hot water in a vessel for three to seven days, changing the water when it cools, rinsing three or four times daily to remove slime, then sun-dried for use. Alternatively, they may be processed by fire-roasting. Currently, people in Yizhou cultivate it in vegetable gardens and also call it Tiannanxing (Arisaema Rhizome). In Jiangzhou, there is a herb with leaves as large as a palm, green on the front and purple on the back, with buds around the edges resembling tiger paws; it has three to five leaves per plant and remains evergreen in winter. It treats heart pain, alternating chills and fever, and accumulated qi. It does not produce flowers or fruits; because its name is the same, it is recorded here as an appendix.
Langdangzi (Hyoscyami Semen), grows in coastal river valleys and Yongzhou, and is now ubiquitous. The seedling stems are about two to three chi high. The leaves are about three fingers wide, resembling those of Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix), Wangbuliuxing (Vaccariae Semen), and Honglan (Carthami Flos). Flowers appear in April, purple in color. The seedlings, pods, and stems bear white hairs. Fruits mature in May; they have a shell forming a capsule-like structure, resembling small pomegranates. The seeds inside are very fine, pale green-white, resembling rice grains. Also known as Tianxianzi (Datura Seed). Seeds are collected in May and dried in the shade. According to the *Shennong Bencao Jing*, Langdang is cold in nature, whereas later authors often claim it is extremely hot. However, the *Records of the Grand Historian* (Biography of Chunyu Yi) states: When the concubine of the King of Zichuan was pregnant but unable to lactate, Chunyu Yi administered a measure of Langdang medicine, taken with wine, after which she immediately lactated. If inability to lactate were caused by heat, would it be treated with hot medicines? Furthermore, ancient prescriptions for sudden onset of mania and epilepsy often use Langdang alone; thus, it is uncertain if it is truly cold in nature. The *Xiaopin Fang* records a prescription for mania and epilepsy: Take three sheng of Langdang, grind into powder, soak in one sheng of wine for several days, then extract, boil the juice until it can be formed into pills, taking three pills the size of small beans three times daily. One should feel tightness in the mouth and face, a sensation of insects crawling in the head, and red spots on the forehead and extremities; these are signs of recovery. It is unknown if continued administration until completion yields miraculous results. Another text, *Qiezhong Fang*, for treating intestinal wind, uses Langdang decoction: Process one sheng of Langdang fruit, dry in the sun, grind and sieve. Mix with half a jin of ginger juice. Combine these two ingredients in a silver pot, add two sheng of unadulterated wine, and boil over fire until thick like syrup. Add wine as needed, up to approximately five sheng total, then stop boiling and form into pills the size of wu zi (fruits of Sophora japonica). Take three pills orally with wine every morning, increasing to five or seven pills as tolerated. If the pills stick to hands during preparation, use Dodder seed powder (Cuscutae Semen) as a dusting agent during heating; beware of high heat, as the medicine will scorch and lose efficacy. Mild heat upon initial ingestion is normal. For severe cases, after more than three days of administration, diarrhea should occur, expelling the disease, and the diarrhea will cease; this is indeed highly effective.