一名熏陆香
宣，活血，伸筋
香窜入心，苦温补肾，辛温通十二经。能去风伸筋（筋不伸者，敷药加用），活血调气，
托里护心（香彻疮孔，能使毒瓦斯外出，不致内攻），生肌止痛。治心腹诸痛，口噤耳聋，痈
疽疮肿，产难折伤（皆取其活血止痛）。亦治癫狂（以能去风散瘀。灵苑辰砂散，辰砂一两，
乳香、枣仁各五钱，酒下。恣饮沉醉，听睡一二日勿动，惊醒则不可治。《本事》加人参一
两，名宁志膏）。出诸番。如乳头、明透者良（市人多以枫香伪之）。性粘难研，水飞过，用
钵坐热水中研之，或用灯心同研则易细。
宣，散瘀，定痛
苦平（《经疏》云∶应兼辛）。入十二经。散结气，通滞血，消肿定痛生肌（寇宗 曰∶
血滞则气壅，气壅则经络满急，故肿且痛），补心胆虚，肝血不足（推陈致新，能生好血）。
治金疮杖疮（血肉受伤，故瘀而发热作痛），恶疮痔漏，翳晕目赤（肝经血热），产后血
气痛，破症堕胎（乳香活血，没药散血，皆能消肿止痛生肌，故每兼用。疮疽已溃者忌用，
脓多者勿敷）。出诸南番。赤色、类于琥珀者良。主治与乳香同。
即白胶香
宣，调气血
苦平。活血解毒，止痛生肌。治血衄咯血，齿痛风疹，痈疽金疮。外科要药。色白微黄
，能乱乳香，功颇相近。
【乳香】
又名熏陆香。
具有宣通、活血、舒筋的功效。
其气香窜入心经，味苦性温可补肾，味辛性温能通行十二经脉。能够祛除风邪、舒展筋骨（对于筋骨拘挛不伸者，外敷药中加用此药），活血调气，托毒护心（香气透彻疮孔，能使毒瓦斯向外排出，不至于内攻脏腑），生肌止痛。治疗心腹各种疼痛，口噤耳聋，痈疽疮肿，难产及折伤（都是取其活血止痛的作用）。也治疗癫狂（因为能祛风散瘀。灵苑辰砂散：辰砂一两，乳香、酸枣仁各五钱，酒送服。大量饮用至沉醉，听任其睡一二日不要移动，惊醒后则无法救治。《本事方》中加入人参一两，名为宁志膏）。产于各个番邦。像乳头形状、透明明亮的品质好（市场上很多人用枫香脂冒充）。性质粘腻难以研磨，用水飞法处理，将药钵坐在热水中研磨，或者与灯心草一起研磨就容易研细。
【没药】
宣通，散瘀，定痛。
味苦性平（《经疏》说：应该兼有辛味）。入十二经脉。消散结聚之气，疏通停滞之血，消肿定痛生肌（寇宗奭说：血液停滞则气机壅塞，气机壅塞则经络满急，所以肿胀且疼痛），补益心胆虚损，肝血不足（推陈出新，能生成好血）。治疗金创杖疮（血肉受伤，所以瘀滞而发热作痛），恶疮痔漏，目生翳晕、眼红（肝经血热），产后血气疼痛，破癥瘕堕胎（乳香活血，没药散血，都能消肿止痛生肌，所以经常配合使用。疮疽已经溃破的忌用，脓多的不要外敷）。产于各个南番。颜色赤红、类似琥珀的品质好。主治功效与乳香相同。
【枫脂香】
即白胶香。
宣通，调和气血。
味苦性平。活血解毒，止痛生肌。治疗血衄咯血，齿痛风疹，痈疽金疮。是外科的要药。颜色白微黄，容易混淆乳香，功效颇为相近。
[Ru Xiang / Frankincense]
Also known as Xunlu Xiang (Frankincense).
It has the effects of promoting circulation, invigorating blood, and relaxing sinews.
Its aromatic qi penetrates into the Heart Meridian; its bitter and warm nature tonifies the Kidney; its pungent and warm nature unblocks the Twelve Meridians. It can dispel wind and relax sinews (for those with contracted sinews, add it to external applications), invigorate blood and regulate Qi, support the interior and protect the Heart (its fragrance penetrates the wound opening, allowing toxic factors to exit outward, preventing them from attacking internally), generate flesh, and relieve pain. It treats various pains in the heart and abdomen, lockjaw and deafness, carbuncles, sores, and swellings, difficult labor, and fractures/trauma (all utilizing its ability to invigorate blood and relieve pain). It also treats mania (because it dispels wind and dissipates stasis. Lingyuan Zhusha San: Cinnabar 1 liang, Ru Xiang and Suan Zao Ren each 5 qian, taken with wine. Drink freely until intoxicated, allow to sleep for one or two days without moving; if awakened prematurely, it cannot be treated. *Ben Shi Fang* adds 1 liang of Ren Shen, named Ning Zhi Gao). Originates from various foreign regions. Those resembling teardrops and transparent are of good quality (market vendors often counterfeit it with Feng Xiang Zhi). Its nature is sticky and difficult to grind; use the water levigation method, place the mortar in hot water while grinding, or grind together with Jie Xin Cao (Juncus effusus) to make it finer easily.
[Mo Yao / Myrrh]
Promotes circulation, dissipates stasis, and relieves pain.
Bitter and neutral in nature (according to *Jing Shu*, it should also have a pungent quality). Enters the Twelve Meridians. Dissipates stagnant Qi, unblocks stagnant blood, reduces swelling, relieves pain, and generates flesh (Kou Zongshi stated: Blood stasis causes Qi obstruction; Qi obstruction causes fullness and tension in the meridians, resulting in swelling and pain). Tonifies deficiency of the Heart and Gallbladder, and Liver Blood deficiency (pushes out the old and brings forth the new, capable of generating healthy blood). Treats metal wounds and beating injuries (flesh and blood are damaged, leading to stasis, fever, and pain); malignant sores, hemorrhoids, and fistulas; eye opacities, dizziness, and redness (Liver Meridian blood heat); postpartum blood and Qi pain; breaks mass formations and induces abortion (Ru Xiang invigorates blood, Mo Yao dissipates blood; both reduce swelling, relieve pain, and generate flesh, so they are often used together. Contraindicated for carbuncles and sores that have already ulcerated; do not apply externally if there is excessive pus). Originates from various southern foreign regions. Those that are reddish and resemble amber are of good quality. The main indications and efficacy are the same as Ru Xiang.
[Feng Zhi Xiang / Liquidambar Resin]
Also known as Bai Jiao Xiang.
Promotes circulation and harmonizes Qi and Blood.
Bitter and neutral in nature. Invigorates blood, resolves toxicity, relieves pain, and generates flesh. Treats epistaxis and hemoptysis, toothache, wind-rash, carbuncles, and metal wounds. It is an essential herb for surgery. White with a slight yellow hue, it can easily be confused with Ru Xiang, and its efficacy is quite similar.