查，古字作楂
泻滞气，消积，散瘀，化痰
酸甘咸温。健脾行气，散瘀化痰，消食磨积（消油腻、腥膻之积，与麦芽消壳积者不同
。凡煮老鸡硬肉，投数枚则易烂，其消肉积可知）。发小儿痘疹，止儿枕作痛（恶露积于太
阴，少腹作痛，名几枕痛。沙糖调服）。多食令人嘈烦易饥，反伐脾胃生发之气（破泄太过，
中气受伤，凡服人参不相宜者，服山楂即解。一补气，一破气也）。有大、小二种，小者入
药，一名棠球子。去皮、核用（一云核亦有力，化食磨积）。
润肠，泻火，清热
甘微酸寒。润肺凉心，消痰降火，止渴解酒，利大小肠。治伤寒发热，热嗽痰喘，中风
失音（捣汁频服。《圣惠方》梨汁煮粥，治小儿心脏风热昏躁）。切片，贴汤火伤。多食冷利
。脾虚泄泻及乳妇、血虚人忌之（生者清六腑之热，熟者滋五脏之阴。实火宜生，虚火宜熟
。《泊宅编》有仕宦病消渴，医谓不过三十日死。亟弃官归，途遇一医，令致北梨二担，食
尽则瘥。宦如其言，食及五六十枚而病愈。杨吉老介医木甚着，一士有疾，厌厌不聊，往谒
之。杨曰∶汝证热已极，气血全消，三年当以疽死，不可为也。士不乐而退，闻茅山一道士
，医术通神，但不肯以技自名。乃衣僮仆之服，诣山拜之，愿执役席下，道士喜留，只事左
右，历两月久。觉其与常隶别，扣所从来，再拜谢过，始以实告。道士笑曰∶世间那有医不
得的病，试诊脉。又笑曰∶吾亦无药与汝，便可下山买好梨，日食一颗，梨尽取干者泡汤，
和滓食之，疾自当平。士人如戒，经一岁复见吉老，颜貌腴泽，脉息和平。惊曰∶君必遇异
人，士人以告。杨衣冠焚香，望茅山设拜。盖自咎其学之未至也）。捣汁用，熬膏亦良（加
姜汁、蜂蜜佳。清痰止嗽。与莱菔相间收藏则不烂，或削梨蒂扦莱菔上）。
山楂，古字写作“楂”。
具有泻除滞气、消除积滞、散瘀血、化痰浊的功效。其味酸、甘、咸，性温。能健脾行气，散瘀化痰，消食磨积（指消除油腻、腥膻食物造成的积滞，这与麦芽消除谷物外壳类积滞不同）。凡是煮老鸡或硬肉时，投入几枚山楂则容易煮烂，由此可知其消肉食积滞的作用。能促进小儿痘疹发出，缓解儿枕痛（恶露停滞于太阴经，导致少腹疼痛，称为儿枕痛，用沙糖调服）。多食会令人心中嘈杂烦闷、容易饥饿，反而损伤脾胃的生发之气（因为破泄作用太过，导致中气受伤，凡是不适合服用的人参者，服用山楂即可抵消人参的补气作用，一个是补气，一个是破气）。有大、小两种，小的入药，又名棠球子。使用时去皮、核（有一种说法认为核也有药效，能化食磨积）。
梨，具有润肠、泻火、清热的功效。其味甘、微酸，性寒。能润肺凉心，消痰降火，止渴解酒，通利大小肠。治疗伤寒发热、热咳痰喘、中风失音（捣汁频频服用。《圣惠方》记载用梨汁煮粥，治疗小儿心脏风热导致的昏躁）。切片贴敷可治汤火烫伤。多食会导致滑肠腹泻。脾虚泄泻者以及哺乳期妇女、血虚之人忌用（生梨清六腑之热，熟梨滋五脏之阴。实火宜生吃，虚火宜熟吃。《泊宅编》记载有位官员患消渴病，医生预言他不过三十天就会死。他急忙辞官回家，途中遇到一位医生，让他买两担北梨，吃完病就好了。这位官员照做，吃了五六十个梨后病愈。杨吉老医术非常著名，有一位士人患病，气息奄奄，前去拜见杨吉老。杨吉老说：“你的证候热邪极盛，气血全消，三年后会因疽疮而死，无法医治了。”士人不高兴地退下，听说茅山有一位道士医术通神，但不肯以医名自居。于是穿上童仆的衣服，进山拜见，愿意在席下服役。道士高兴地收留了他，只让他侍奉左右，过了两个月。觉得他与普通仆人不同，询问他的来历，士人再拜谢罪，才如实相告。道士笑着说：“世间哪有治不好的病，试着诊脉。”又笑着说：“我也没有药给你，你可以下山买好梨，每天吃一个，梨吃完后取干梨泡水，连渣一起吃，疾病自然平复。”士人遵照医嘱，过了一年再见杨吉老时，面色红润光泽，脉搏平和。杨吉老惊讶地说：“你必定遇到了高人。”士人告知经过。杨吉老穿戴整齐焚香，遥望茅山设拜。大概是自责自己的学问还没到家。）捣汁使用，熬成膏剂也很好（加入姜汁、蜂蜜更佳，能清痰止咳。与莱菔萝卜相间收藏则不易腐烂，或者削去梨蒂插在莱菔上）。
Hawthorn (Shanzha), the ancient character is written as "Zha".
It drains stagnant Qi, eliminates accumulations, disperses blood stasis, and resolves phlegm. Its flavor is sour, sweet, and salty; its nature is warm. It strengthens the spleen, promotes Qi circulation, disperses blood stasis, resolves phlegm, and aids digestion by grinding down food accumulations (specifically eliminating accumulations from greasy or fishy foods, which differs from Maiya [Malt] that eliminates grain-based accumulations). When boiling old chicken or tough meat, adding a few pieces makes it tender easily, demonstrating its ability to digest meat accumulations. It promotes the eruption of childhood smallpox/rashes and relieves "Erzhen pain" (pain in the lower abdomen caused by lochia stagnation in the Taiyin channel; taken with brown sugar). Excessive consumption causes mental restlessness and irritability with easy hunger, and conversely damages the generating Qi of the spleen and stomach (due to excessive draining and breaking action, injuring middle Qi; those who cannot tolerate Renshen [Ginseng] will find their symptoms alleviated by Shanzha, as one tonifies Qi while the other breaks Qi). There are large and small varieties; the small ones are used medicinally, also known as Tangqiuzi. Use the flesh peeled of skin and seeds (some say the seeds are also effective for digesting food and grinding accumulations).
Pear (Li), moistens the intestines, purges fire, and clears heat. Its flavor is sweet and slightly sour; its nature is cold. It moistens the lungs, cools the heart, resolves phlegm, descends fire, stops thirst, resolves alcohol intoxication, and benefits the large and small intestines. It treats fever from Shanghan [Cold Damage], hot cough with phlegm-panting, and aphonia due to stroke (crush and take juice frequently. *Shenghui Fang* records using pear juice to cook porridge to treat pediatric cardiac wind-heat causing confusion and restlessness). Slices applied topically treat burns and scalds. Excessive consumption causes loose stools. It is contraindicated for those with spleen deficiency diarrhea, nursing mothers, and individuals with blood deficiency (Raw pears clear heat from the Six Fu organs; cooked pears nourish Yin of the Five Zang organs. Excess fire should be treated with raw pears; deficient fire with cooked pears. *Bozhai Bian* records an official suffering from Xiaoke [Wasting-Thirst], predicted by a physician to die within thirty days. He resigned and returned home, meeting a physician on the way who instructed him to buy two loads of northern pears, stating he would recover after finishing them. The official followed this advice and recovered after eating fifty to sixty pears. Yang Jilao was highly renowned for his medical skills. A scholar, critically ill and despondent, visited him. Yang said: "Your condition shows extreme heat exhaustion, with complete depletion of Qi and Blood; you will die of carbuncles in three years, and it is incurable." The scholar left unhappy, but heard of a Daoist priest on Mount Mao whose medical skills were divine, though he refused to advertise himself. The scholar dressed as a servant, went to the mountain, and offered to serve under the mats. The priest gladly kept him, having him attend to daily tasks for two months. Noticing he differed from ordinary servants, the priest asked his background. After bowing twice and apologizing, the scholar confessed the truth. The priest smiled and said: "Is there any disease in the world that cannot be cured? Let me feel your pulse." Then smiling again, he said: "I have no medicine for you. Go down the mountain, buy good pears, eat one per day. When fresh pears are exhausted, soak dried pears in water, and consume both liquid and dregs; the illness will naturally subside." The scholar obeyed. After a year, he met Yang Jilao again, looking robust with a harmonious pulse. Yang was astonished, saying: "You must have met an extraordinary person." Upon hearing the account, Yang dressed formally, burned incense, and bowed towards Mount Mao, likely blaming his own insufficient learning.) Crush for juice, or prepare as a paste/extract is also excellent (adding ginger juice and honey is beneficial for resolving phlegm and stopping cough. To prevent rotting during storage, store alternately with Radish [Lafu], or insert the cut pear stem into the radish).